Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST)

(Open Access Quarterly International Journal) Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 474-480, April-June 2018

Iot Based Smart Agricultural Monitoring System

Dr.G.Rajakumar1, M.Saroja Sankari2, D.Shunmugapriya3 and S.P.Uma Maheswari4
1
Professor, Department of ECE, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, India.
2,3,4
Students, Department of ECE, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, India.

Article Received: 29 January 2018 Article Accepted: 26 February 2018 Article Published: 18 April 2018

ABSTRACT

:Agriculture is the unquestionably the largest livelihood provider in India. With rising population, there is a need for increased for increasing
agricultural production. In order to support greater production in farms, the requirement of the amount of fresh water used in irrigation also
rises. Currently, agriculture accounts 83% of the total water Consumption in India. Unplanned use of water inadvertently result in wastage of
water. So making Automatic Plant Irrigation System using Arduino, which automatically provides water to plants and keep updated by
sending message. In this Plant watering System, the Soil Moisture Sensor checks the moisture level in the soil and if moisture level is low
then Arduino switches on a water pump to provide water to the plant. Water pump gets automatically off when system finds enough
moisture in the soil. Whenever system switched on or off the pump, a message is sent to the user via IOT module, updating the status
of water pump and soil moisture. The water pump and the spray motor are added by using crane concept. This system is very used in Farms,
gardens, home etc., This system is completely automated and there is no need for human intervention. Also, the sensor readings are transmitted to a
Thing speak channel to generate graphs for analysis.
Keywords: IOT, Arduino, Sensors, Stepper motor, Thing Speak.

1. INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

Irrigation is a crucial alternative to predominantly monsoon fed Indian agriculture. Due to the possible
health risks behind the use of pesticides, the cost of developing new pesticides has risen at an
increasingly rapid rate over recent years .Government regulations have become more stringent, slowing the rate
of development and in turn increasing the cost of new products. The biggest advantage of pesticides is
they are readily available and very easy to use unlike alternative method and other similar methods
which can take a long while to plan and often don’t have an immediate effect on. The system was studied and
developed to configure of the wireless sensor network to assess the temperature, humidity and water level
adjustment, and of the sensor node necessary for the optimal farming environment, and of the
monitoring management devices to collect and analyze such collected data from sensor node and to store
them in the management server and to alert emergency. The collected data provide the information about the
various Environmental factors. Monitoring the environmental factors is not the complete solution to
increase the yield of crops. There are number of other factors that decrease the productivity to a greater
extent. Hence automation must be implemented in agriculture overcome these problems. Though it is
implemented in the research level it is not given to the farmers as a product to get benefitted from
there sources. Hence this paper deals about developing smart agriculture.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Dr.N.Suma, Sandra Rhea Samson, S.Saranya (2017) proposed a paper in which makes use of wireless sensor
networks for noting the soil properties and environmental factors continuously. various sensor nodes are deployed
at different locations in the farm. Controlling these parameters are through any remote device or internet services
and the operations are performed by interfacing sensors, Wi-Fi, camera with microcontroller. This concept is
created as a product and given to the farmer’s welfare [1].

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 Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST)
(Open Access Quarterly International Journal) Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 474-480, April-June 2018

V.Vinoth Kumar, R.Ramasamy (2017) proposed a paper in which the Microcontroller transmits that information
on the internet through a network of IoT in the form of wifi module ESP8266 that is attached to it. This
enhances automated irrigation as the water pump can be switched on or off through information given
to the controller and it is used to get the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of the leaf using LDR
and Laser [2].

K.Lokesh Krishna, Wasswa Fahad Malende (2017) proposed a paper in which proposed wireless robot is
equipped with various sensors for measuring different environmental parameters. The main features of this
novel intelligent wireless robot is that it can execute tasks such as moisture sensing, scaring birds and animals,
spraying pesticides, moving forward or backward and switching ON/OFF electric motor. The proposed
wireless mobile robot has been tested in the fields, readings have been monitored and satisfactory results have
been observed, which indicate that this system is very much useful for smart agricultural systems [4].

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In the field section, various sensors are deployed in the field like temperature sensor, moisture sensor, ultrasonic
sensor and humidity sensor. The data collected from these sensors are connected to the Arduino UNO. In control
section, the received data is verified with the threshold values. If moisture level is low then Arduino switches on a
water pump to provide water to the plant. Water pump gets automatically off when system finds enough moisture in
the soil and a message is sent to the user via IOT module, updating the status of water pump and soil moisture.
These factors include attack of pests which can be controlled by spraying the crop with proper pesticides. An
irrigation system for efficient water management and spray the pesticides for crops has been proposed. Parameters
like moisture, temperature, humidity are measured by using sensors. The water and pesticides are sprayed by using
spray motor and motor pump. The ultrasonic sensor is used to monitor the growth of the plants ,one can observe the
plants from anytime, anywhere in the webpage via IOT. In present, Thingspeak is added which is a platform with
ios to control the arduino that supports hardware platform. Monitoring the plant growth by using ultrasonic sensor
and sending the status to the webpage via IOT module. Watering will be done automatically by predefined time
delay.

Sensor

Inputs

IOT Spray
Motor
ESP8266

Arduino Motor
Uno Driver

LCD
Pump

Fig.1 Block Diagram of Proposed System

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 Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST)
(Open Access Quarterly International Journal) Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 474-480, April-June 2018

3. 1. ARDUINO UNO
The Microcontroller used here is an Arduino UNO. The UNO is a Microcontroller board based on ATMEGA 328P.
The ATMEGA 328P has 32kB of flash memory for storing code. The board has 14 digital input and output pins, 6
analog inputs, 16 MHz quartz crystal, USB, an ICSP circuit and a reset button. The UNO can be programmed with
the Arduino software.

Fig.2 Arduino UNO

3.2. SENSORS
3.2.1. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
Soil Moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture content present in the soil. When the soil moisture value read
by the sensor is above the threshold value, low level (0V) will be the digital output and if it is below the threshold
level, high level (5V) will be the digital output. The digital pin is used to directly read current soil moisture value to
see if it is above threshold or not.

Fig.3 Soil moisture sensor

3.2.2. DHT11 SENSOR

DHT11 sensor is used for measuring temperature and humidity. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a
thermistor to measure the surrounding air. This sensor is cost effective, provides low power consumption and up-to
20 meter signal transmission is possible.

Fig.4 DHT11 sensor

3.2.3. ULTRASONIC SENSOR

The sensing probe element consists of a special wire cable which is capable of accurately sensing the surface level
of nearly any fluid, including water, salt water, and oils. The sensor element is electrically insulated and isolated
from the liquid into which it is inserted, and will not corrode over time.

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 Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST)
(Open Access Quarterly International Journal) Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 474-480, April-June 2018

Fig.5 Ultrasonic sensor

3. 3. IoT MODULE
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an environment in which objects, animals or people are provided with unique
identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computer interaction. IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies (MEMS) and
the Internet. concept may also be referred to as the Internet of Everything. A thing, in the Internet of Things, can
be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has
built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Fig.7 Shows Temperature and Humidity value relative to time

Thus after the signal conditioning process the value of humidity and the temperature of the soil is transmitted
through the Wi-Fi module of the proposed irrigation system and then it is received to the user device through the
open source IoT server.

Fig.8 Shows soil moisture level analysed through Thing Speak

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 Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST)
(Open Access Quarterly International Journal) Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 474-480, April-June 2018

Then the real time data of the soil and crops such as temperature, humidity sensor is transmitted. Thus the humidity
and the temperature signal is viewed by the user is in relative to the time. Whenever the signal is deviated from the
span of reference value of the proposed irrigation system then the corresponding signal is transmitted to the field
section by the user. Whenever the soil moisture is below the span of reference value then the signal is transmitted to
the user through the Wi-Fi module and the IoT server that signal is received by the user device and the command is
sent though the same path and the corrective action is takes place.

Fig. 9 Shows the height of the plant (in cm) with respect to time

In this output the user can only view the height of the plant. The height value which is calibrated to the
corresponding height of the plant in the proposed irrigation system. The Humidity, Temperature, Moisture sensors
are displayed in the LCD module which is connected to the arduino UNO. The Ultrasonic sensor which isused
to monitor the growth of the plants. The IOT module is connected to the arduino UNO. The pump and the pest
sprayer are operated using motor. The stepper motor is used for forward and reverse operations.

5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Thus the system is useful to monitor the parameters for agriculture such as temperature, humidity , moisture,
leaf growth, spray the water and pesticides through the motor pump via IOT module. The system reduces
the manual work, man power. This set up was carried out using Arduino UNO, Temperature and Humidity
sensor, soil moisture sensor, ultrasonic sensor and IoT module. The Thing Speak page can be developed to
control the system through the mobile. Damage caused by predators is reduced and also be used to increase
the productivity. The system is integrated with ultrasonic sensor to monitor the health of the plants, one can
observe their plants anytime, anywhere in the web. In Future, new hardware, like the corn-tending robot, is
making strides by pairing Data-collecting software with robotics to fertilize the corn, apply seed cover-crops, And
collect information in order to maximize yields and minimize wastes. IoT sensors capable of providing
farmers with information about crop yields, pest infestation and soil nutrition are invaluable to production
and offer the precise data.

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 Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST)
(Open Access Quarterly International Journal) Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 474-480, April-June 2018

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was supported in part by Department of Science & Technology (DST), FIST Program at Francis Xavier
Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India.

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