Alkox

ALKOX
ALKOX Resins are high molecular weight poly (ethylene oxide) with the following poly-ether structure,
and they are produced from ethylene oxide by a ring-opening polymerization process, using our originally
prepared organo-metallic catalysts. Their molecular weights range from 100,000 to 8 million.
HO- CH2 -CH2 (-O- CH2 CH2 -) n-1OH

ALKOX Resins are supplied as white, granular powders with the melting point 65～67ºC and can be
molded to make a hard and elastic plate because of their thermoplastic property.
On the other hand, they are completely soluble in water and because of the high viscosity of their
aqueous solutions they have been applied in various fields.
Thus the co-existence of thermoplastic and water-soluble nature is the fundamental characteristic of
And ALKOX Water-Soluble Resins can form association compounds with many other substances to
achieve a wide variety of additional, useful formulation properties.
ALKOX features in Cements and Concrete
 It works as viscosity increasing agent.

 High-range water reducing agent.
 Excellent lubricity to concrete to assist pumpability.
 Improves facility of spraying concrete slurry and decreases dusting.
 Air- entraining agent.
 Fluidizer.
 Also obtains smooth and uniform surface formation without a trowel.
Chemicals for Concrete

Fluidizers (Water-soluble) Alkylcellullose
To improve fluidity and adhesive ability
Hydroxy-alkyl-cellulose (HEC, HMC)
Hydroxy-alkyl-cellullose (HPMC, MHEC)
Alkox Poly(ethylenoxide)
Water reducing agents Lignin sulfonic salts
Low W/C ratio makes strong concrete
Polyoxyethylene alkl arly ether
Sodium aromatic polycyclic formaldehyde
Condensed sulfonates
Sodium methylol melamine sulfonate

Viscosity increasing agent Alkox Poly(ethylenoxide)
Air-Entraining agent Surfactant

Air entraining effect improves consistency
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A-316/317, Kanara Business Centre (KBC), Laxmi Nagar, Ghatkopar (E), Mumbai – 400075. INDIA
+91 22 2500 6800 / 08 / 09 | [email protected] | www.winwayschemtech.com
Alkox Poly(ethylene oxide) as Fluidizers:
Addition of ALKOX as a Viscosity Improver will improve lubricity, increase viscosity of fluidized concrete,
facilitate transferring efficiency, reduce segregation and improve adhesion of concrete without increasing
water- cement ratio.
ALKOX, with its specific viscosity and stringiness, improves fluidity of the mix in pipe and nozzle in
combination with other fluidizers.
Desirable molecular weight of ALKOX is 500,000 – 5,000,000.
Standard mix
1) Fluidizer 45-95 parts
2) PEO 2- 50 parts
3) Water reducing agent 1- 20 parts
4) Defoaming agent 0 –10 parts
Recommendable quantity of above mix is 0.1 – 0.5 wt% on the weight of cement in concrete or mortar.
Use of more than 1.0% of mix will make slurry too viscous, make spraying more difficult and increase back
scattering.
When ALKOX is used together with fluidizers such as sulfonated melamine formaldehyde condensates,
there is high water reducing effect, fluidity can be improved and almost no adverse effects as delaying
hardening time or carrying air. It can be added to cement at high ratio and reduction of water by 20 to
30% is possible.
Compatibility of ALKOX with other fluidizers such as highly sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde
condensates or “co-condensated product of naphthalene sulfonic acid and lignin sulfonic acid” may not
be good. If ALKOX is mixed with such fluidizers, it may form complexes and they gelatinize immediately.
So water / cement ratio at 55% by conventional wet method can be greatly reduced to 40 to 45% which is
less than 45 to 50% by dry method. This means that pressure strength of concrete can be much
improved.
Tests & Results
Preparation of mixed auxiliaries
Cellulose ether *1 65 Parts

Alkox Poly(ethylene oxide) *2 22 Parts
Water reducing agent *3 10 Parts
Defoaming agent *4 3 Parts
*1 Tests with various Modified and Non-Modified Cellulose Ethers are done – as shown hereunder.
*2 Alkox Poly(ethyleneoxide) --- ALKOX E-100 (MW 2,500,000 – 3,000,000)
*3 Water reducing agent --- Lignin sulfonic salt
*4 Defoaming agent --- Higher alcoholic type
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Ratio in concrete
Concrete A Concrete B
160 162
Water
380 360
Cement
1,076 1,114
Fine aggregate
733 763
Rough aggregate
15 15
Set accelerating agent
Results
Concrete (A) was sprayed by dry method
Mixed Back – Pressure
Dust count
Test auxiliaries scattering strength
number
(C x %) rate (kg/cm2)
Methylcellulose (MC) Modified, 0.1 110 25 283
viscosity 4700cps (2% soln.) 0.2 80 17 265
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) Modified, 0.1 133 30 281
Methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC) 0.1 119 26 285
Modified, viscosity 5800cps (2% soln.) 0.2 100 20 263
Methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) Modified, 0.1 127 28 280
Methylcellulose (MC) Non-Modified, 0.1 148 34 280
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) Non-Modified, 0.1 172 41 283
Non-Modified, viscosity 5800cps (2% soln.) 0.2 121 27 258
Methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) 0.1 165 39 280
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Concrete (B) was sprayed by wet method
Mixed Dust count Back – Pressure

Test auxiliaries number scattering strength
(C x %) rate (%) (kg/cm2)
Methylcellulose (MC) Modified, 0.1 65 15 325
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) Modified, 0.1 75 21 312
Modified, viscosity 5800cps (2% soln.) 0.2 33 11 310
Methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) Modified, 0.1 72 18 317
Methylcellulose (MC) Non-Modified, 0.1 88 28 323
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) Non-Modified, 0.1 102 33 315
Methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) 0.1 100 29 314
As shown above in both dry and wet spray methods, PEO in combination with modified cellulose ether
decreased dusting and back-scattering of concrete remarkably without decreasing strength.
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Alkox Poly(ethylene oxide) - Improvement of pumping facility
Addition of ALKOX improves facility of pumping and spraying concrete slurry and decreases dusting. MC
and HEC also improve lubricity of concrete slurry but they cause adhesion of concrete inside of pipes or
horses in the beginning.
Concrete slurry 100 parts
Water / Cement = 0.4
Sand / Cement = 3 /1
Melamine sulfonate (fluidiser) 0.5 –2.0 parts

ALKOX E –130 (thickener) 0.03 – 0.1 parts
Hardening accelerater 5 parts
Improvement of pump compressible flow and adhesion of concrete
There are two-application method of concrete spraying, dry and wet spray methods.
In case of dry method, materials except water are transferred by compressed air and mixed with water at
nozzle. In case of wet method, water, cement, fine aggregates, rough aggregates and AE water reducing
agent are mixed by a mixer and transferred by compressed air or mechanical methods (screw or squeeze
method) and join with set accelerating agent at nozzle.
In case of dry method, even strength of concrete is difficult to obtain as the adjustment of water /
cement ratio is done by a nozzle-man. Besides, fine particles of cement and sand scatter by compressed
air and cause dusting during spraying.
Also back- scattering of concrete is caused and such problems will cause unpleasant atmosphere at work
place.
While in case of wet method, above problems is less than dry method but cannot be eliminated
completely. Besides, if transferring time is long, slump decreases and fluidity may be lost. So compressed
transferring and spraying may become impossible.
Slump 5 + 2cm for transfer distance 60m and slump 10 + 2cm for transfer distance 100m is required but
in case of conventional dosage, ratio of water / cement becomes around 55% to get above slump. As this
water / cement ratio is higher than 45 – 50% in case of dry method and this high water content per unit
may decrease strength of concrete. If slump is higher than above, problem of shear drop and peeling will
be caused and back – scattering will be increased.
Addition of PEO as a viscosity improver will improve Viscosity of fluidized concrete, facilitated transferring
efficiency and improves adhesion of concrete without increasing water / cement ratio.
As conventional Viscosity improvers, methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxyethl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl
cellulose (HPC), etc are being used but, as they have good ability to delay hardening of concrete, even if
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set accelerating agent is mixed with spraying concrete, they delay instant hardening effect and cause
shear drop and peeling when concrete is sprayed on over-hung seiling of tunnel.
Beside, as they have strong adhesive effect, they will adhere inside of pipe during compressed
transferring of concrete and decrease transferring efficiency.
While, when PEO is used together with fluidizers such as “ condensation products of melamine sulfonic
acid and formaldehyde”, fluidity can be improved and hardening time is not so much delayed.
Compatibility of PEO with other fluidizers such as “highly condensated product of naphthalene sulfonic
acid and formaldehyde” or “ co-condensated product of naphthalene sulfonic acid and lignin sulfonic
acid” is not good. If PEO is mixed with such fluidizers, they gelatinize immediately.
PEO is quite compatible with “ highly condensation product of melamine sulfonic acid and
formaldehyde”. As this condensation product has high water reducing effect and almost no adverse
effects as delaying hardening time or carrying air, it can be added to cement at high ratio and reduction
of water by 20 to 30% is possible. So water / cement ratio at 55% by conventional wet method can be
greatly reduced to 40 to 45% which is less than 45 to 50% by dry method. This means that pressure
strength of concrete can be much improved. The addition of PEO improves lubricancy, facilitates
compressed transfer of concrete and increase adhesion of concrete sprayed on the wall.
Recommendable quantity to 100 parts cement :

Highly condensation product of melamine sulfonic acid and formaldehyde ---- 0.5 to 2 parts
PEO --- 0.03 to 0.5 parts
Tests and Results

Fluidizer --- “NP-20” (Nisso Master-Builders Co. Ltd.)
Viscosity improver --- “ALKOX E – 100” (Meisel Chem.)
Set accelerator --- “Denkanatomic 5” (Denki Chem Ind.) quantity C x 5%.
Diam of horse --- 50mm
Length of horse --- 100m
Sprayed surface – Virtical plate, H 2m x W 25m
Thickness of sprayed concrete --- 10 – 15cm
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ALKOX - Under Water Concrete
Preparation of polymer mortar :

Prepare cement paste with water / Cement (0.65/1) first.
Then add certain amount of Alkox E-45 and, or fluidizer and, or defoamer while mixing.
Then add double amount of sand to above polymer cement paste.
Required spec. for under water concrete:
Turbidity below 10ppm (Environmental and strength)
Air below 10% (Strength)
Passability over 75mm (depth of struck plunger Fluidity)
Results. 1
Chemicals Wt%for cement Turbidity Air Passability Quality

ppm (%) Plunger Spec
test (mm)
1 - - >1000 1.2 85
2 HEC 0.45% 9 28.7 >100
3 HPMC 0.45% 41 19.5 >100
4 MHEC 0.45% 55 17.5 >100
5 Alkox E-45 0.45% >200 5.1 83
6 PAA 0.45% 20 2.1 15
7 HEC/ Defoamer 0.45%/0.04% 13 5.4 58
8 HEC/Silicon defoamer 0.45%/0.04% 13 28.5 >100
9 HEC/Alkox E-45 0.45%/0.02% 6 5.7 78 Pass
10 HPMC/Alkox E-45 0.45%/0.02% 22 18.0 >100
11 MHEC/ Alkox E –45 0.45% / 0.02% 20 17.2 >100
HEC Hydroxethylecellulose HPMC Hydroxpropylemethylecellulose

MHEC Methylehydroxethlecellulose PAA Polyacrylamides
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Results. 2
Chemicals Wt% for Cement Turbidity Air(%) Passability Quality

ppm Plunger test Spec.
(mm)
0 - - >100 1.2 85
1 HEC 0.45% 9 28.7 >100
2 HEC/Alkox E-45 0.43%/0.02% 6 5.7 78 Pass
3 HEC/ Alkox E-45 0.40%/0.05% 17 5.9 82
4 HEC/ Alkox E-45 0.36%/0.09% 34 7.7 82
5 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.45%/0.04% 5 6.4 78
6 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.45% / 0.10% 4 7.7 77 Pass
7 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.45% / 0.40% 3 12.2 75
8 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.38%/ 0.02% 18 4.3 83
9 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.47% / 0.03% 6 5.7 80 Pass
10 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.57%/ 0.03% 3 5.9 78 Pass
11 Alkox E- 45 0.45% >200 5.1 83
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SPRAYING CONCRETE inside of TUNNELS
This new method is invented by Kumagaya Gumi, a Japanese big and leading constructor, and it is called
“CAV (Clean And Viscosity) SHOT-CRETE METHOD” which is to increase adheviveness of concrete to rock
wall by adding high polymer compound of polyethylene oxide by 0.03 to 0.1%
.
While NATM (New Austrian Tunnel Method) is developed in Europe.
NATM is a tunneling method to stop collapse of wall by spraying concrete on the surface immediately
after digging. As tunneling can be easily operated even at the place where astratum condition is bad,
NATM became very popular in Japan and is being applied not only to tunnels in mountains but also to city
constructions.
Advantages
CAV SHOT-CRETE METHOD in combination with NATM has various advantages as following.
(1) Preventation of dusting
The most important thing when tunneling is to spray concrete as soon as digging but, as concrete
is sprayed by compressed air, large amount of dust is caused and working circumstance is extremely bad.
An addition of small quantity of ALKOX reduces dusting 1/5 to 1/10 of conventional method. So
atmosphere for the workers can be remarkably improved.
(2) Decrease of rebound
Addition of ALKOX improves adhesion of concrete and rebound of sprayed concrete can be
remarkably lessened.
Rebound by conventional method : about 40%

CAV SCM/NATM : 5 – 10%
So loss of concrete is reduced and working circumstance is much improved.
(3) Improvement of adhesion

ALKOX improves adhesing of concrete on the wall and dense concrete can be sprayed on.
2) Application
Air compressor
Cement/Sand/ gravel
Spray
Repaid hardening agent/water/ ALKOX E –
160
High water compressor
Addition of ALKOX E-160: 0.05 ~ 0.1% (on concrete)
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Alkox - Concrete Application

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Alkox - Concrete Application

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HO- CH2 -CH2 (-O- CH2 CH2 -) n-1OH

ALKOX features in Cements and Concrete

 It works as viscosity increasing agent.

Chemicals for Concrete

Hydroxy-alkyl-cellullose (HPMC, MHEC)

Sodium aromatic polycyclic formaldehyde

Sodium methylol melamine sulfonate

Air-Entraining agent Surfactant

Desirable molecular weight of ALKOX is 500,000 – 5,000,000.

Tests & Results

Preparation of mixed auxiliaries

Cellulose ether *1 65 Parts

Mixed Dust count Back – Pressure

Concrete slurry 100 parts

Water / Cement = 0.4

Melamine sulfonate (fluidiser) 0.5 –2.0 parts

Improvement of pump compressible flow and adhesion of concrete

Recommendable quantity to 100 parts cement :

Tests and Results

Preparation of polymer mortar :

Chemicals Wt%for cement Turbidity Air Passability Quality

2 HEC 0.45% 9 28.7 >100

3 HPMC 0.45% 41 19.5 >100

4 MHEC 0.45% 55 17.5 >100

5 Alkox E-45 0.45% >200 5.1 83

6 PAA 0.45% 20 2.1 15

7 HEC/ Defoamer 0.45%/0.04% 13 5.4 58

8 HEC/Silicon defoamer 0.45%/0.04% 13 28.5 >100

9 HEC/Alkox E-45 0.45%/0.02% 6 5.7 78 Pass

10 HPMC/Alkox E-45 0.45%/0.02% 22 18.0 >100

11 MHEC/ Alkox E –45 0.45% / 0.02% 20 17.2 >100

HEC Hydroxethylecellulose HPMC Hydroxpropylemethylecellulose

Chemicals Wt% for Cement Turbidity Air(%) Passability Quality

1 HEC 0.45% 9 28.7 >100

2 HEC/Alkox E-45 0.43%/0.02% 6 5.7 78 Pass

3 HEC/ Alkox E-45 0.40%/0.05% 17 5.9 82

4 HEC/ Alkox E-45 0.36%/0.09% 34 7.7 82

5 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.45%/0.04% 5 6.4 78

6 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.45% / 0.10% 4 7.7 77 Pass

7 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.45% / 0.40% 3 12.2 75

8 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.38%/ 0.02% 18 4.3 83

9 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.47% / 0.03% 6 5.7 80 Pass

10 HEC / Alkox E-45 0.57%/ 0.03% 3 5.9 78 Pass

11 Alkox E- 45 0.45% >200 5.1 83

(1) Preventation of dusting

(2) Decrease of rebound

Rebound by conventional method : about 40%

(3) Improvement of adhesion

Addition of ALKOX E-160: 0.05 ~ 0.1% (on concrete)

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