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    Anatomy and Physiology of Heart

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    Simran Josan
    The heart is a four-chambered muscular organ about the size of a fist that is located in the chest cavity. It has three layers - an inner endocardium, middle myocardium layer of muscle, and outer epicardium layer. Blood flows through the heart's four valves which prevent backflow - the tricuspid and mitral valves between the atria and ventricles, and the pulmonary and aortic valves from the ventricles to the lungs and body. The heart receives blood through the venae cavae and coronary sinus into the right atrium, then pumps it to the lungs before it returns to the left atrium to be pumped into the aorta and circulated throughout the body.

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    Anatomy and Physiology of Heart

    Uploaded by

    Simran Josan
    414 views2 pages
    The heart is a four-chambered muscular organ about the size of a fist that is located in the chest cavity. It has three layers - an inner endocardium, middle myocardium layer of muscle, and outer epicardium layer. Blood flows through the heart's four valves which prevent backflow - the tricuspid and mitral valves between the atria and ventricles, and the pulmonary and aortic valves from the ventricles to the lungs and body. The heart receives blood through the venae cavae and coronary sinus into the right atrium, then pumps it to the lungs before it returns to the left atrium to be pumped into the aorta and circulated throughout the body.

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    The heart is a four-chambered muscular organ about the size of a fist that is located in the chest cavity. It has three layers - an inner endocardium, middle myocardium layer of muscle, and outer epicardium layer. Blood flows through the heart's four valves which prevent backflow - the tricuspid and mitral valves between the atria and ventricles, and the pulmonary and aortic valves from the ventricles to the lungs and body. The heart receives blood through the venae cavae and coronary sinus into the right atrium, then pumps it to the lungs before it returns to the left atrium to be pumped into the aorta and circulated throughout the body.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    414 views2 pages

    Anatomy and Physiology of Heart

    Uploaded by

    Simran Josan
    The heart is a four-chambered muscular organ about the size of a fist that is located in the chest cavity. It has three layers - an inner endocardium, middle myocardium layer of muscle, and outer epicardium layer. Blood flows through the heart's four valves which prevent backflow - the tricuspid and mitral valves between the atria and ventricles, and the pulmonary and aortic valves from the ventricles to the lungs and body. The heart receives blood through the venae cavae and coronary sinus into the right atrium, then pumps it to the lungs before it returns to the left atrium to be pumped into the aorta and circulated throughout the body.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Anatomy and Physiology of Heart

    Structure :
    The heart is a four chambered hollow muscular organ normally the approximate size of fist. It
    lies within the thorax in the mediastinal space that separates the right and left pleural cavities.
    The heart is composed of three layers : a thin inner lining ,the endocardium; a layer of muscle
    ,the myocardium; and a fibrous outer layer , the epicardium. The heart is surrounded by the
    pericardium, a fibroserous sac. The inner layer of the pericardium is in contact with the
    epicardium, and the outer layer is in contact with the mediastinum. A small amount of
    pericardial fluid lubricates the space between the pericardial layers and prevent friction
    between the surfaces as the heart contracts.

    The heart is divided vertically by the septum. This creates a right and left atrium
    and a right and left ventricle. The thickness of the wall of each chamber is different. The atrial
    myocardium is thinner than that of ventricles, and the left ventricular wall is 2 to 3 times thicker
    than the right ventricular wall. The thickness of the left ventricle is necessary to generate the
    force needed to pump the blood into the systemic circulation.

    Blood Flow Through the Heart :


    The right atrium receives venous blood from the inferior and superior venae
    cavae and the coronary sinus. The blood then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right
    ventricle. With each contraction, the right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonic valve
    into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs.

    Blood flows from the lungs to the left atrium by way of pulmonary veins. It then
    passes through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle .As the heart contracts, blood is
    ejected through the aortic valve into the aorta and thus enters the high pressure systemic
    circulation.

    Cardiac Valves :
    The four valves of the heart serve to keep blood flowing in forward direction .The cusps
    of the mitral and tricuspid valves are attached to thin strands of fibrous tissue termed chordate
    tendineae. Chordae are anchored in the papillary muscles of the ventricles . This support
    system prevents the eversion of the leaflets into the atria during ventricular contraction. The
    pulmonic and aortic valves prevent blood from regurgitating into the ventricles at the end of
    each ventricular contraction.
    Blood Supply to the Myocardium :
    The myocardium has its own blood supply, the coronary circulation . Blood flow
    into the two major coronary arteries occur primarily during diastole . The left coronary artery
    arises from the aorta and divides into two main branches : the left anterior descending artery
    and left circumflex artery . These arteries supply the left atrium ,the left ventricle , the
    interventricular septum ,and a portion of the right ventricle. The right coronary artery also
    arises from the aorta ,and its branches supply the right atrium, the right ventricle and a portion
    of the posterior wall of the left ventricle. In 90% of people, the atrioventricular node and
    bundle of His, part of the cardiac conduction system ,receive blood supply from the right
    coronary artery . For this reason , obstruction of this artery often causes serious defects in
    cardiac conduction .

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