c Airport Handling Manual

AHM 631 (continued) AHM 632

10.4.2 Stop movement of aircraft
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APRON
MARKINGS AND SIGNS
1. INTRODUCTION
Although standards and recommended practices for aircraft
ground movement have been developed, only limited guidance
material is available for ground support equipment movement
and parking on the apron. It is anticipated that implementation
of world-wide standards for airport apron markings will be a
significant contribution to a safe apron environment.

2. DEFINITIONS
“APRON” (RAMP) A paved area on the airside of the terminal
building where aircraft are maneuvered and parked and where
activities associated with the handling of flights can be
performed.
“APRON SAFETY BORDER LINE”. A line marking the bound-
ary of the apron and limiting any Ground Support Equipment
activity beyond this line for the purpose of providing adequate
clearance for adjacent taxiing aircraft.
“APRON STAND BORDER LINE”. A line marking the boundary
of a specific area required on the apron for the purpose of
parking, servicing, loading or unloading an aircraft.
Fully extend arms and wands to cross above the head.
“ENGINE START UP BAR ON CENTRE LINE”. This line
10.4.3 Hold movement of aircraft provides guidance to the tractor operator and indicates the
specific position to align the aircraft correctly at the and of an
aircraft pushback maneuver.
“FUEL HYDRANT SYSTEM POSITION MARKING” Designated
fuel hydrant system position marking(s) in the aircraft parking
position area. The marking(s) is/are provided to identify the
position so that the fuel hydrant system is clear of ground
support equipment.
“GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT PARKING AREA”. A
specific area set aside for the parking of ground support
equipment:
“NO PARKING’ AREA”. A specific area set aside in which
parking of ground support equipment is prohibited; e.g. apron-
drive, passenger loading bridge movement-areas and fueling
pits, etc.
“NO PARKING LINE”. This line indicates an area where parking
is prohibited and that is to remain free of all Ground Support
Equipment and/or vehicles.
“NOSEWHEEL STOP BAR”. This line indicates the specific
position where the aircraft nosewheel is to stop.
“PASSENGER LOADING BRIDGE PARKING POSITION
Fully extend arms and wands downwards at a 45̊angle to the MARKING” Designated passenger loading bridge parking posi-
sides. Hold this position until it is clear for the aircraft to move. tion marking(s) in the area(s) in which parking of ground support
equipment is prohibited. The marking is provided to identify the
fully retracted parking position(s) so that the passenger loading
bridge is clear of incoming and departing aircraft.
“PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY”. A specific area set aside for the
safe passage of pedestrians, i.e. passengers, crew and/or
airport personnel, to or from the airport facilities and the aircraft:
— Pedestrian Crossing;
— Pedestrian Walkway.

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Dimensions and Shape:

AHM 632 (continued)
The width, length and shape of a line or marking as outlined
“PUSHBACK LIMIT LINE”. A lead-out line providing guidance under paragraph 5 “Recommendations”.
to the tractor operator and ensuring obstacle clearance during
aircraft pushback maneuvers from an aircraft parking stand.
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
“SERVICE ROAD”. A specific area set aside for the safe move-
ment of ground support equipment and airport vehicles. Service Roads:

“STAND/GATE SAFETY LINE”. A line behind which ground Roadway markings should be painted white and should
support equipment is kept during the movement of an aircraft consist of single solid outer lines indicating that crossing
on to or off the aircraft parking position; acts also as a safety with caution is permitted. Crossing of a double white line
stop for all ground support equipment prior to approaching the and/or offset broken white line is not permitted. In case of
aircraft and as a safety zone for engine intake and propeller two opposing directions of travel, there should be a centre
clearance. broken white line to divide traffic. Each lane of a service
road should be of a minimum width to accommodate the
— Permanent Parking;
widest equipment in use at that location.
— Staging Area.
It is recommended that the following minimum specification
be adopted:
3. REQUIREMENTS
The areas requiring safety markings are: Width of line: 10 cm (4 in)
Gap between lines: 5 cm (2 in)
Service Roads;
Broken line: 1.5 m (5 ft)
Aircraft parking stands/gates;
Aprons; In case of a traffic STOP line, the width will be 20 cm (8 in).
Pedestrian crossing/walkways; (See Figure 1.)
Safety parking position for Passenger Loading Bridge; Directional markings should be in the form of a white arrow
“No Parking” areas; painted on the service road surface. An arrow may be uni-
Ground Support Equipment parking areas; or multi-directional. Arrows should be positioned at points
Push-Back line; where traffic enters or exits a service road with the objective
to clarify the direction of travel. (See example in Figure 2.)
Push-Back Limit Marking.
Traffic speed-limit markings painted on the service road
The marking characteristics used in these guidelines for traffic
surface should be in the form of a white circle, with the
markings are:
maximum speed displayed inside the circle. (See example
— Double white line — do not cross; in Figure 3.)
— Single white line — cross with caution; Traffic speed-limit signs shall be in accordance with local
— Broken white line — a roadway centre-line; regulations.
— Offset white broken line — do not cross;
Pedestrian Crossings/Walkways:
— Solid single red line — do not cross during aircraft move-
ment, cross with caution when required. Pedestrian crossings/walkways shall be painted in accord-
ance with local regulations to the following minimum
4. CHARACTERISTICS dimensions:

Specifications: Width of line: 0.5 m (20 in)

The following marking characteristics/specifications are Width of line: 0.5 m (20 in)
defined: Length of line: 2 m (6 ft)
Gap between lines: 0.5 m (20 in).
— PAINT;
— COLOR (See example in Figure 4.)
Recommended colors are: Pedestrian walkways must be clearly indicated and the
design should keep the pedestrian clear of hazards.
— RED for safety warning;
— WHITE for traffic markings; Stand/Gate Safety Line:
— YELLOW for aircraft movement on aprons, taxiways The stand/gate safety line should be a solid single red line
and runways as per ICAO Annex 14 Aerodromes, Paragraph indicating the boundary of the aircraft parking area. The line
5.2.1.5. should be painted so as to accommodate the largest-sized
Visibility: aircraft onto or off the parking position. (See example in
Figure 5.)
Paint or other materials must be of high visibility e.g. reflect-
ive in nature and consistent with every-day off-airport use, Minimum width of line: 10 cm (4 in).
Paint or other materials must be of sufficient coefficient of
friction. (See example in Figures 5 and 6.)

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AHM 632 (continued) Figure 2

DIRECTIONAL SIGNS
“No Parking” Areas:
These areas should be marked by white hatching and should
be bordered by a solid white line of the same width:

Minimum width of line: 10 cm (4 in)

Gap between lines: 50 cm (20 in)

The lines should be painted at an angle of 45° in reference

to the aircraft parking-position centre line. (See example in
Figure 7.)
Ground Support Equipment Parking Areas:
The lines of these areas should be demarcated and painted
white. Inner marking is optional.

Figure 1
SPECIFICATION FOR
ROADWAY MARKINGS

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c Airside Management and Safety

AHM 632 (continued) Figure 5

STAND/GATE SAFETY LINE
FOR SINGLE AIRCRAFT
Figure 3
PARKING POSITION
EXAMPLE OF A SPEED-LIMIT SIGN

30
Figure 4
SPECIFICATION FOR A
Note: Clearance should be in accordance with the standards
PEDESTRIAN CROSSING published in ICAO Annex 14, Aerodromes.

2m
(6 ft)

H I H I
0.5 m 0.5 m
(20 in) (20 in)

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AHM 632 (continued) Figure 7

SAFETY LINE FOR MULTIPLE
AIRCRAFT RAMP SYSTEM (MARS)
Figure 6
STAND
STAND/GATE SAFETY LINE
FOR TWO OR MORE
AIRCRAFT PARKING ASIDE

Figure 8
MARKING FOR “NO PARKING”
AREAS

434 23RD EDITION, JANUARY 2003