Facultad de Educación

Escuela de Pedagogía en Inglés

Competencias Comunicativas Integradas Inglés: Ámbito Académico Cultural I

READING TEST 2
NAME: ……………………………Section: …… Score _____/31 pts Mark: ______
Teachers: Carmen Gloria Kanelos S. / Adam Taylor

I.- Read the following Story and choose the correct alternative (10 pt total)

Mergan Schötte
1.Mergan Schötte was a undoubtedly related to war graphic testimony.
2. Born in Auschwitz in 1910 as Heinz Artur Axmann, Schötte was forced
to leave his native country after his involvement in anti government
protests. Schötte had originally wanted to become a writer, but after his
arrival in Berlin had first found work as a photographer. He later left
Germany and moved to France due to the rise in Nazism. He tried to find
work as a freelance journalist and it was here that he changed his name to
Mergan Schötte, mainly because he thought it would sound more
American.
3. In 1936, after the breakout of the Spanish Civil war, Schötte went to
Spain and it was here over the next three years that he built his reputation
as a war photographer. It was here too in 1936 that he took one of his
most famous pictures, Rise of a Fair Soldier. One of Schötte’s most famous
quotes was 'If your pictures aren't good enough, you're not close enough.'
And he took his attitude of getting close to the action to an extreme. His
photograph, Rise of a Fair Soldier is a prime example of this as Schötte
captures the very moment the soldier falls. However, many have
questioned the authenticity of this photograph, claiming that it was
staged.
4. When World war II broke out, Schötte was in New York, but he was soon
back in Europe covering the war for The Journal magazine. Some of his
most famous work was created on 6th June 1944 when he swam ashore
with the first assault on Omaha Beach in the D-Day invasion of
Normandy. Schötte, armed only with two cameras, took more than one
hundred photographs in the first hour of the landing, but a mistake in the
darkroom during the drying of the film destroyed all but eight frames. It
was the images from these frames however that inspired the visual style of
Steven Spielberg's Oscar winning movie ‘Saving Private Ryan’. When Life
magazine published the photographs, they claimed that they were slightly
out of focus, and Schötte later used this as the title of his autobiographical
account of the war.
5. Schötte’s private life was no less dramatic. He was friend to many of
Hollywood’s directors, actors and actresses. In 1943 he fell in love with the
wife of actor Ralph Auckmann. His affair with her lasted until the end of
the war and became the subject of his war memoirs. He was at one time
lover to actress Rose McGegor. Their relationship finally ended in 1946
when he refused to settle in Hollywood and went off to Turkey.
6. In 1947 Schötte was among a group of photojournalists who founded
Magnum Photos. This was a co-operative organisation set up to support
photographers and help them to retain ownership of the copyright to their
work.
7. Schötte went on to document many other wars. He never attempted to
glamorise war though, but to record the horror. He once said, "The desire
of any war photographer is to be put out of business."
8. Schötte died as he had lived. After promising not to photograph any
more wars, he accepted an assignment to go to Indochina to cover the first
Indochina war. On May 25th 1954 Schötte was accompanying a French
regiment when he left his jeep to take some photographs of the advance
and stepped on a land mine. He was taken to a nearby hospital, still
clutching his camera, but was pronounced dead on arrival. He left behind
him a testament to the horrors of war and a standard for photojournalism
that few others have been able to reach.
9. Schötte’s legacy has lived on though and in 1966 his brother Utte
founded the International Fund for Concerned Photography in his honor.
There is also a Mergan Schötte Gold Medal, which is given to the
photographer who publishes the best photographic reporting from abroad
with evidence of exceptional courage. But perhaps his greatest legacy of all
is the haunting images of the human struggles that he captured.

1  Why did Schötte change his name?

a.- To hide his identity
b.- Because he had been involved in protests
c.- To sound more American
d.- Because he had to leave Hungary

2  Schötte originally wanted to be

a.- A journalist b.-  A writer c.-  American d.-  A protestor

3  Schötte went to Spain to

a.- fight in the civil war. b.- build his reputation.
c.- have a holiday. d.- take photographs.
4  Schötte’s famous picture Rise of a Fair Soldier
a.- was taken by someone else.
b.- was definitely genuine.
c.- wasn’t even taken in Spain.
d.- cannot be proven genuine or staged.

5  When World War II broke out Schötte

a.- went to New York. b.- swam ashore on Omaha Beach.
c.- went to Europe. d.- went to Normandy.

6  A mistake meant that

a.- only one hundred of Schötte’s photographs were published.
b.- Schötte lost both of his two cameras.
c.- Schötte’s images inspired an Oscar winning movie.
d.- Most of Schötte’s images of the D-Day landing were destroyed.

7  Schötte’s private life was

a.- less dramatic than his professional life.
b.- spent mostly in Hollywood.
c.- very glamorous.
d.- spent in Turkey.

8  Schötte wanted his work to

a,.- be very famous. b.- show how glamorous war can be.
c.- show the true horror of war. d.- make lots of money.

9  Which sentence best paraphrases paragraph 5?

a.- Schötte had a tragic private life and was never able to settle down and
find happiness.
b.- Despite having many good friends and lovers, Schötte always put his
work first.
c.- Schötte wanted to make friends with important people in Hollywood so
that he could move into the movie industry.
d.- Schötte’s private life was very complicated. He could not choose
between the two women he loved, so he went off to work in Turkey.

10  Which sentence best paraphrases paragraph 4?

a.- Schötte never tried to avoid danger. He risked his life to take
photographs of the D-Day invasion, but then destroyed most of them.
b.- Schötte took some of his most famous photographs during the D-Day
invasion, but most were tragically destroyed in an accident.
c.- Schötte only kept the best eight D-Day photographs as the others were
out of focus. These inspired the visual style of a Hollywood film.
d.- Schötte left Europe when the war broke out and went to take his most
famous photographs of the D-Day invasion.
II.- Multiple Choice: Respond to the following questions by circling the
correct answer. There is only one correct response per question. (7pts)

Wes Anderson films War By Roger DeBrito, US Journalist The Daily

Mirror

Marc Right, a retired marine, started his art career more than 80 years ago during
World War II.

The real fact that strength the American triumph over the Royal Powers in World
War II was the overwhelming and unwavering support of the Home Front.
Contributing much to creating and maintaining that Home Front support were
Wes Anderson films. Meanwhile, morale-boosting Anderson-designed insignia
that soon appeared on planes, trucks, flight jackets, and other military
equipment accomplished the same for American and Allied forces.

During the war Anderson made films for every branch of the U.S. government.
Typical of the films was the 1943 “The Spirit of ’43,” produced at the request of
the Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr. The film depicted Donald
Duck dealing with federal income taxes and pointing out the benefit of paying his
taxes in support of the American war effort.

At the Navy’s request, the Anderson Studios also produced, in just three months,
some 90,000 feet of training film to educate sailors on navigation tactics.
Anderson animators also worked closely with Hollywood producer Frank Capra
and created what many consider to be the most brilliant animated maps to
appear in a series of seven highly successful “Why We Fight” films.

During the war, over 90 percent of Anderson employees were devoted to the
production of training and propaganda films. In all, the Anderson Studios
produced some 400,000 feet of film representing some 68 hours of continuous
film. Included among the films produced was “Der Fuehrer’s Face,” again
featuring Donald Duck. It won the Oscar as the best animated film for 1943.

Perhaps the importance of the Anderson Studios to the war effort is best
demonstrated by the fact that the U.S. Army deployed troops to protect the
facilities; the only Hollywood studio accorded such treatment.

During World War I, while serving as a Red Cross ambulance driver, Wes
Anderson embellished his ambulance and other vehicles with drawings and
cartoon figures. Thus, he came to appreciate the importance of humorous
insignia to unit morale and esprit-de-corps. It is not surprising, therefore, that
during World War II Anderson artists often used their talents to design military
insignia and emblems.
For example, in 1942 the Navy asked Anderson to design an emblem appropriate
for its new fleet of Navy torpedo boats known as “mosquito boats.” In response,
Anderson provided its famous emblem of a mosquito riding a torpedo, which soon
adorned all of the newly constructed PT boats. At the request of the China
Defense Supplies organization, the Anderson Studios also designed a winged tiger
flying through a large V for victory for the world-famous “Flying Tigers.” By war’s
end, the Anderson Studios had produced over 1,200 insignias for both the U.S.
Army and Navy, as well as Allied units, without ever charging a fee.

1.  What did the Anderson Studios support during World War II? 
A. the Royal Powers
B. the career of Marc Right
C. the American war effort
D. the construction of ambulances

2. What does the author describe in the article? 

A. the plots of the “Why We Fight” films created by Anderson animators and
Frank Capra
B. the soldiers Wes Anderson rescued while serving as a Red Cross
ambulance driver
C. the process by which the U.S. Navy designed and built “mosquito boats”
D. the contributions that the Anderson Studios made to the U.S. in World
War II

3. What evidence supports the claim that Wes Anderson films helped create and
maintain “Home Front support”? 
A. Anderson -designed insignia appeared on planes, trucks, flight jackets,
and other military equipment during World War II.
B. Anderson made a film in 1943 that pointed out the benefit of paying taxes
in support of the American war effort.
C. During World War II, the Anderson Studios produced some 400,000 feet of
film representing some 68 hours of continuous film.
D. While serving as a Red Cross ambulance driver, Wes Anderson embellished
his ambulance and other vehicles with drawings and cartoon figures.

4. Based on the text, what can you infer about the effect of the insignia and
emblems designed by Anderson artists during World War II? 
A. The insignia and emblems probably improved the morale and spirit of
troops fighting in World War II.
B. The insignia and emblems probably lowered the morale and spirit of troops
fighting in World War II.
C. The insignia and emblems probably had little effect on the morale and
spirit of troops fighting in World War II.
D. The insignia and emblems probably made troops fighting in World War II
want to watch Anderson movies.

5. What is the main idea of this text? 

 A. Marc Right, a retired naval aviation mechanic, started his art career during
World War II.
B. The Anderson Studios made important contributions to the American
government and military during World War II.
C. At the U.S. Navy’s request, the Anderson Studios produced some 90,000
feet of training film to educate sailors on navigation tactics.
D. During World War II, the Anderson Studios designed a winged tiger flying
through a large V for victory for the world famous “Flying Tigers.”

6. Given the context, what does the word “insignia” likely mean? 
A. distinguishing marks, symbols, or illustrations
B. cartoon characters such as Donald Duck
C. sculpture, photography, and other art forms
D. powerful weapons and military equipment

7.  Read these sentences from the text:

“It is not surprising, therefore, that during World War II Anderson artists often used
their talents to design military insignia and emblems. For example, in 1942 the
Navy asked Anderson to design an emblem appropriate for its new fleet of Navy
torpedo boats known as ‘mosquito boats.’”
What phrase could replace “For example” in the second sentence without
changing the sentence’s meaning? 
A. As a result
B. In summary
C. For instance
D. On the other hand

III.- Read the article about human rights and answer the questions.

About Human Rights

A  ‘Morality is a private and costly luxury’, wrote the author Nathaniel
Hawthorne, in a statement that seems to condemn all the poor and mistreated to
the rubbish heap. Indeed, while morality has been defined in the United Nations;
‘human rights’ declarations, upholding such values is neither cheap nor
straightforward.
B The declaration, formed and ratified after the Second World War, and in
particular the dreadful treatment of those affected by the Holocaust, focused
mainly on civil and political rights. Despite international support and the
compelling nature of the statements it sought to uphold, the document proved too
vague for use in court. Consequently, in the 1960s, two more covenants, the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, were added so as to make the
declaration more legally binding. 
C During the years that followed, support for the two covenants split. Capitalist
countries put more emphasis on upholding the political and civil rights enshrined
in the former covenant. Communist countries favoured the social and economic
rights of the latter. And while the West accused the Soviet Union of neglecting
citizens’ civil rights, the Soviet government’s response was that it considered
social and economic rights more important. Current communist governments
make the same argument today.
D Activist groups, at least those that were founded in the west such as Amnesty
International and Human Rights Watch, have unsurprisingly focused on civil
rights. By exposing the plight of torture victims and political prisoners, they have
managed to put pressure on unjust regimes, and, with their not inconsiderable
clout, have occasionally managed to shame leaders into improving conditions.
Much less emphasis has been placed on the second covenant, meaning that
socio-economic rights, such as housing, food, health care and fair wages, have
gone unchecked. This is set to change, however, as human-rights groups seek to
persuade governments to give equal importance to the right to vote as to the right
to a home and regular meals.
E Considering the size of the population who are not currently benefitting from
such provisions, this may seem like a fool’s errand.   But human rights veterans
have achieved the seemingly impossible before. Twenty five years ago, nobody
believed that Amnesty International’s letter-writing and lobbying tactics could
bring down torturers and censors, yet they have succeeded on multiple occasions.
F However, social and economic rights are new territory for these groups, and the
goal that bit harder to achieve. Campaigners within these organizations are
understandably apprehensive. Even so, Amnesty International spent several
years drawing up provisional changes to its policy in order to explicitly
incorporate economic and social rights into their mandate. These were discussed
and adopted at a meeting of hundreds of delegates in Senegal in 2001.
G   Amnesty’s new mission has enabled it to work on a much wider range of
issues. In the Palestine territories, it campaigns against curfews and rights to
work. In Kenya, it highlighted how lack of secure tenure leads to people living in
slum conditions that lacked basic sanitation and policing.
H  Amnesty’s workload has been alleviated by the fact that Economic, social and
cultural rights are now widely recognized as enforceable in both national and
international courts of law. Mechanisms have been developed at the UN and in
African, American and European regional systems that enable victims of
violations to enforce their economic, social and cultural rights.  Policies have been
put into place to ensure that aspects such as health, education, housing, food,
poverty, cultural rights, sanitation and water are monitored.
I  Despite the advances, great challenges remain. Under the Obama government
of the  US, such ideals are still considered ‘goals’ and ‘aspirations’ rather than
rights, and a number of influential states continue to be skeptical about the
validity of individual claims to economic, social and cultural human rights.
Meanwhile, those countries that accept the new rights do not always safeguard
them in their national constitutions, or provide effective remedies for the victims
of such violations.
J  And while some governments make excuses for failing to take action, claiming
they lack the necessary resources, Amnesty International sees it as a lack of
political will or purposeful discrimination. ‘Now that economic cultural and social
rights are based on and are enforceable by international law,’ they say, ‘they
demand immediate respect and cannot be deferred to the future’
a.- Write the letter of the paragraph in the correct heading (one heading is
left). (10 points total)
Initial efforts to support human rights Paragraph:______
A proposal to adopt a wider perspective Paragraph:______
Examples of recent campaigns Paragraph:______
The price of ethic Paragraph:______
Where the law stands on socio-economic rights Paragraph:______
Opposing priorities Paragraph:______
Inactivity is inexcusable Paragraph:______
The motion is carried Paragraph:______
Something to hope for, or something to enforce Paragraph:______
Where there’s a will, there’s a way Paragraph:______
The pitfalls of a wider remit Paragraph:______

b.-Select True, False, or Not given (4 points total)

1. Amnesty fights for both individuals and groups involved in human rights
violations. - _____________

2. Amnesty workers are worried that, by they are taking on too big an
objective. _____________

3. Obama’s government has neglected human social and economic

rights. _____________

4. The passage gives an example of a campaign to improve education in

Kenya. _____________