1.

Identify the amino acids containing nonpolar, aliphatic R groups

a) Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan
b) Glycine, alanine, leucine
c) Lysine, arginine, histidine
d) Serine, threonine, cysteine
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation:
Glycine: H3 N+ – CH2 – COO–
Alanine: H3 N+ – CH(CH3) – COO–
Leucine: H3 N+ – CH(C4 H9) – COO–.

2. The two amino acids having R groups with a negative net charge at pH 7.0 are
a) Aspartate and glutamate
b) Arginine and histidine
c) Cysteine and methionine
d) Proline and valine
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation:
Aspartate: H3 N+ – CH( CH2 COO– ) – COO–
Glutamate: H3 N+ – CH( C2 H4 COO– ) – COO–.

3. If pK1 = 2.34 and pK2 = 9.60, then the isoelectric point pI is

a) 5.87
b) 5.97
c) 3.67
d) 11.94
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: pI = 1⁄2 (pK1 + pK2 ) = 1⁄2 (2.34 + 9.60) = 5.97.

4. Which of the following is a true statement?

a) Tryptophan and tyrosine are significantly more polar than phenylalanine
b) Leucine is commonly used as an ingredient in the buffers of SDS page
c) Aspartate is an essential amino acid
d) Lysine is a non-essential amino acid
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Tryptophan and tyrosine are significantly more polar than phenylalanine because of the tyrosine hydroxyl group and the
nitrogen of the tryptophan indole ring.

5. Which among the following is a non-essential amino acid?

a) Serine
b) Threonine
c) Lysine
d) Histidine
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Serine is one of the 11 non-essential amino acids.

6. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

a) Cysteine
b) Asparagine
c) Glutamine
d) Phenylalanine
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Phenylalanine is one of the 9 essential amino acids.

7. Which of the following is an imino acid?

a) Alanine
b) Glycine
c) Proline
d) Serine
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Proline is secondary amino acid also called as an imino acid as it contains –C = NH – OH group.

8. Which among the following is both glucogenic and ketogenic?

a) Isoleucine
b) Leucine
c) Lysine
d) Histidine
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Isoleucine produces both glucose and ketone bodies as an energy source.

9. An amino acid that yields acetoacetyl CoA during the catabolism of its carbon skeleton will be considered
a) Glycogenic
b) Ketogenic
c) Both glycogenic and ketogenic
d) Essential
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In case of Glycogenic amino acids pyruvate metabolites are formed and in case of ketogenic amino acids acetoacyl CoA is
formed during the catabolism.

10. Number of chiral centers in isoleucine is

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: H5 C2 – C ̇H(CH3 )- C ̇H(NH2 ) – COOH
The structure clearly shows two chiral centers of isoleucine.

1. The general structure of all amino acids are same except for ___________
a) Lysine
b) Glycine
c) Proline
d) Alanine
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In general, all α-amino acid consists of an amino group, a hydrogen atom, and a distinctive side chain, all bonded to α-carbon.
Proline is the only amino acid which has a cyclic distinctive side chain which differs from all other amino acids.

2. An amino acid is an amphoteric molecule.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When an amino acid dissolved in water, it acts as acid or base and called as the zwitterion or dipolar ion. Hence, an amino acid
is an amphoteric molecule.

3. Which of these amino acids are not optically active?

a) Cysteine
b) Lysine
c) Arginine
d) Glycine
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When a carbon atom has four different constituents, it is said to be chiral. All amino acids have chiral carbon except glycine and
hence they are optically active.

4. Which of these are used to measure optical activity?

a) Polarimeter
b) Planometer
c) Psychrometer
d) Photometer
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Polarimeter is used to measure the rotation of polarized light while planometer is used for area measurement and psychrometer
measure humidity. Similarly, photometer measures illuminance or irradiance.

5. A solution of L-alanine (4.0g/50 ml of 6 N HCl) has a rotation of +1.61° in a 2dm polarimeter tube. Calculate the specific rotation of L-
alanine in 6 N HCl.
a) +15.1°
b) +10.1°
c) +11.1°
d) +16.1°
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: [α] = Α°/ l×C; +1.61/2×0.08
[α]= +10.1°.

6. Name the amino acid, which exists in two non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
a) Epimer
b) Anomer
c) Enantiomer
d) Chiral carbon
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When an amino acid with a chiral carbon exists in two non-superimposable mirror images of each other, it is called enantiomers.
It can be easily identified by its configuration.

7. Which of these are rare amino acid in a protein?

a) Leucine and serine
b) Lysine and glutamic acid
c) Tryptophan and methionine
d) Leucine and lysine
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Tryptophan and methionine are rare in protein as they have only one codon for each while lysine, leucine, serine and glutamic
acid have more than one codon for each protein.

8. In which amino acid Imidazole group, an aromatic ring found?

a) Lysine
b) Arginine
c) Histidine
d) Glutamate
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Histidine contains imidazole group which can be uncharged or positively charged, depending on its local environment. Lysine &
arginine contains positively charged R group while glutamate has negatively charged R group.

9. What is the maximum wavelength that Tryptophan and tyrosine absorb?

a) 280nm
b) 260nm
c) 257nm
d) 230nm
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine are aromatic amino acids and absorbs ultraviolet light (UV). Absorption at 280nm is
used for quantification and detection of purified proteins. The absorbance of proteins is dependent on number and position of aromatic amino
acid residues.

10. How is the secondary structure of a protein stabilized?

a) Van der wall forces
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Covalent bond
d) Hydrophobic bond
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Hydrogen bonding can bring together two chains which are at distance in terms of a sequence. Depending on hydrogen
bonding, proteins have two structural conformations α-helix and β-sheets.

11. How many amino acid residues are there in per turn of α-helix?
a) 3.6
b) 4.6
c) 3.0
d) 2.5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Length of α-helix is usually 10-15 amino acid residue and there are 3.6 amino acid residues per turn of the helix. A single turn of
α-helix has 13 atoms due to this α-helix is also referred as 3.613 helix.

1 Identify the amino acids containing nonpolar, aliphatic R groups

A Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan
B Glycine, alanine, leucine
C Lysine, arginine, histidine
D Serine, threonine, cysteine

 View Answer
Answer: Glycine, alanine, leucine
2 Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
A Cysteine
B Asparagine
C Glutamine
D Phenylalanine

 View Answer
Answer: Asparagine
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3 Which of the following amino acid is sweet in taste?
A Glycine
B Alanine
C Glutamic acid
D None of these
 View Answer
Answer: Glycine

4 Which of the following amino acid will be absent in α (alpha) helix structure of protein?
A Glycine
B Galine
C Glutamic acid
D Proline

 View Answer
Answer: Proline

5 Carnosine is a dipeptide of histidine and _____.

A β-histidine
B β-alanine
C β-lysine
D α-lysine

 View Answer
Answer: β-alanine

6 Amino acid selenocysteine is coded by_______.

A UAA
B UAG
C UGA
D AUG

 View Answer
Answer: UGA

7 Bacteria prefer to use the codon CGA instead of AGA to code for Arginine. This is an example for _____.
A Second genetic code
B Nullomers
C Transcriptional decoding
D Allomers

 View Answer
Answer: Nullomers

8 Amino acids are

A building blocks of carbohydrates
B building blocks of nucleic acids
C building blocks of lipids
D building blocks of proteins

 View Answer
Answer: building blocks of proteins

9 Which of the following amino acid is a ‘α-helix terminator’

A tryptophan
B phenyl alnine
C tyrosine
D proline
 View Answer
Answer: proline

10 Which of the following amino acid has buffering capacity

A Tryptophan
B Cysteine
C Histidine
D Arginine

 View Answer
Answer: Histidine

11 The naturally occurring form of amino acid in proteins

A L-amino acids only
B D-amino acids only
C both L and D amino acids
D none of these

 View Answer
Answer: L-amino acids only

12 Sulphur containing amino acids are

A Cysteine and methionine
B Methionine and threonine
C Cysteine and threonine
D Cysteine and serine

 View Answer
Answer: Cysteine and methionine

13 Amino acids with hydroxyl groups are

A Serine And Alanine
B Alanine And Valine
C Serine And Threonine
D Valine And Isoleucine

 View Answer
Answer: Serine And Threonine

14 Absorbance at 280nm exhibited by protein is due to

A Aliphatic
Amino Acids
B AllAmino Acids
C Non-Polar Amino Acids
D Aromatic Amino Acids

 View Answer
Answer: Aromatic Amino Acids

15 Glycine and proline are the most abundant amino acids in the structure of-
A Hemoglobin
B Myoglobin
C Insulin
D Collagen

 View Answer
Answer: Collagen

16 Some proteins contain additional amino acids that arise by modification of an amino acid already present in a peptide, examples
include-
A 4 -hydroxy proline
B 5- hydroxy Lysine
C Gamma Amino Butyric Acid
D All of the above

 View Answer
Answer: All of the above

17 Which out of the following amino acids carries a net positive charge at the physiological p H ?
A Valine
B Leucine
C Isoleucine
D None of the followings
 View Answer
Answer: None of the followings

18 All of the following amino acids are both glucogenic as well as ketogenic except
A Isoleucine
B Leucine
C Tyrosine
D Phenyl alanine
 View Answer
Answer: Leucine

19 The greatest buffering capacity at physiological p H would be provided by a protein rich in which of the following amino acids?
A Serine
B Cysteine
C Alanine
D Histidine

 View Answer
Answer: Histidine

20 Which out of the followings is not a fibrous protein?

A Carbonic anhydrase
B Collagen
C Fibrinogen
D Keratin

 View Answer
Answer: Carbonic anhydrase

1. Which among the following is not polymeric?

(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Nucleic acids
(c) Proteins
(d) Lipids
2. The simplest amino acid is
(a) Glycine
(b) Alanine
(c) Asparagine
(d) Tyrosine
3. Amino acids are mostly synthesised from
(a) fatty acids
(b) mineral salts
(c) 𝜶-ketoglutaric acid
(d) volatile acids
4. Amino acids with the aliphatic ‘R’ group are
(a) Glycine, alanine, leucine
(b) Serine, threonine, cysteine
(c) Lysine, arginine, histidine
(d) Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan
5. Which of the following amino acids is not necessary to be taken in the diet?
(a) histidine
(b) threonine
(c) serine
(d) lysine
6. An amino acid yielding acetyl CoA during catabolism is
(a) ketogenic
(b) glucogenic
(c) essential
(d) both glucogenic and ketogenic
7. The first amino acid of any polypeptide chain in eukaryotes is
(a) valine
(b) methionine
(c) glycine
(d) alanine
8. Amino acids with aromatic side chain are
(a) tryptophan, asparagine, tyrosine
(b) tryptophan, threonine, tyrosine
(c) phenylalanine, tryptophan, serine
(d) phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine
9. The naturally occurring proteins consist of
(a) D-amino acids
(b) L-amino acids
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
10. Which of the following amino acids has to be supplemented in the diet?
(a) phenylalanine
(b) cysteine
(c) glutamine
(d) asparagine
Answers

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c)

6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a)

1-A mutation has changed an isoleucine residue of a protein to Glutamic acid, which statement best
describes its location in a hydrophilic exterior-

a) On the surface since it is hydrophilic in nature

b) In side the core of the protein since it is hydrophobic in nature

c) Any where inside or outside

d) Inside the core of protein since it has a polar but uncharged side chain

2- Glycine and proline are the most abundant amino acids in the structure of-

a)Hemoglobin

b) Myoglobin
c) Insulin

d) Collagen

3- Some proteins contain additional amino acids that arise by modification of an amino acid already
present in a peptide, examples include-

a) 4 -hydroxy proline

b) 5- hydroxy Lysine

c) Gamma Amino Butyric Acid

d) All of the above

4- Choose the incorrect statement out of the followings-

a) Only L amino acids are found in the biological system

b) Glycine is optical inactive

c) Tyrosine is a modified amino acid

d) Seleno cysteine is 21 st amino acid

5- Choose a nano peptide out of the followings-

a) Oxytocin

b) Vasopressin

c) Bradykinin

d) All of the above

6- Which out of the following amino acids carries a net positive charge at the physiological p H ?

a) Valine

b) Leucine

c) Isoleucine
d) None of the followings

7- Which out of the following amino acids is a precursor for a mediator of allergies and inflammation?

a) Histidine

b) Tyrosine

c) Phenyl Alanine

d) Tryptophan

8- Mother of a mal nourished child has been instructed to include a complete protein in diet for her
child, which out of the followings proteins should be recommended?

a) Pulses

b) Wheat

c) Soy Protein

d) Milk

9- All of the below mentioned amino acids can participate in hydrogen bonding except one

a) Serine

b) Cysteine

c) Threonine

d) Valine

10- All of the following amino acids are both glucogenic as well as ketogenic except

a) Isoleucine

b) Leucine

c) Tyrosine

d) Phenyl alanine
11- Which out of the following amino acid is a precursor of niacin (Vitamin)?

a) Tyrosine

b) Threonine

c) Tryptophan

d) Phenylalanine

12- The greatest buffering capacity at physiological p H would be provided by a protein rich in which of
the following amino acids?

a) Serine

b) Cysteine

c) Alanine

d) Histidine

13- Which of the following peptides is cyclic in nature-?

a) Glutathione

b) Gramicidin

c) Met encephalin

d) Leuencephalin

14- Which out of the followings is not a fibrous protein?

a)Carbonic anhydrase

b) Collagen

c) Fibrinogen

d ) Keratin
15) -Which of the following amino acid is a limiting amino acid in pulses?

a) Leucine

b) Lysine

c) Methionine

d) Glutamine

16)- Which out of the following is not a haemo protein ?

a) Catalase

b) Myeloperoxidase

c) Glutathione peroxidase

d) Aconitase

17- All the below mentioned proteins are metalloproteins except-

a)Carbonic anhydrase

b) Xanthine oxidase

c) Lactate dehydrogenase

d) Superoxide dismutase

18- Which out of the following is a peptide antibiotic?

a)Erythromycin

b) Gramicidin

c) Ciprofloxacin

d) Tetracycline
19- Choose the Anticancer peptide out of the followings-

a)Bleomycin

b) Methotrexate

c) Cytosine Arabinoside

d) Dideoxy Inosine

20- Which of the following amino acids is most compatible with an α- helical structure?

a)Tryptophan

b) Alanine

c) Leucine

d) Proline

21- The highest concentration of cystine can be found in-

a) Melanin

b) Keratin

c) Collagen

d) Myosin

22- In scurvy, which amino acid that is normally part of collagen is not synthesized?

a)Hydroxy Tryptophan

b)Hydroxy Tyrosine

c) Hydroxy Alanine

d) Hydroxy Proline
23- A child with tall stature, loose joints, and detached retinas is found to have a mutation in collagen.
Which of the following amino acids is the recurring amino acid most likely to be altered in mutations
that distort collagen molecules?

a)Glycine

b) Tyrosine

c) Tryptophan

d) Tyrosine

24- Which one of the following amino acids may be considered a hydrophobic amino acid at
physiological p H of 7.4?

a)Isoleucine

b) Arginine

c) Aspartic acid

d) Threonine

25- Which of the characteristics below apply to amino acid Glycine?

a) Optically inactive

b) Hydrophilic, basic and charged

c) Hydrophobic

d) Hydrophilic, acidic and charged

26- Which of the following amino acids in myoglobin, a globular protein, is highly likely to be localized
within the interior of the molecule?

a)Arginine

b) Valine

c) Aspartic acid

d) Lysine
27- Which of the amino acids below is the uncharged derivative of an acidic amino acid?

a)Cystine

b) Tyrosine

c) Glutamine

d) Serine

28-Choose the correct category for milk protein casein out of the followings

a)Nucleoprotein

b) Phospho protein

c) Lipoprotein

d) Glycoprotein

Answers-

1- a

2- d

3- d

4- c

5- d

6- d

7- a

8- d

9- d

10- b

11- c
12- d

13- b

14- a

15- c

16- d

17- c

18- b

19- a

20- b

21- b

22- d

23- a

24- a

25- a

26- b

27- c

28- b

The a-amino acids have a carboxyl group with a pK around

___ , and an amino group with a pK near ___.
1.1, and 12.1
6.5, and 8.0.
3.3, and 10.5.
9.0, and 2.5.
2.0, and 9.5.

2. Which pair of amino acids absorbs the most UV light at

280 nm?
 Thr & His.
Trp & Tyr.
Cys & Asp.
Phe & Pro.
None of the above.

3. Which of the following is not a sensible grouping of amino

acids based on their polarity properties?
Ala, Leu, and Val.
Arg, His, and Lys.
Phe, Trp, and Tyr.
Asp, Ile, and Pro.
Asn, Ser, and Thr.

4. The isoelectric point of an amino acid is defined as

the pH where the molecule carries no net electric
charge.
the pH where the carboxyl group is uncharged.
the pH where the amino group is uncharged.
the pH of maximum electrolytic mobility.
-log10(pKi + pKj)

5. When the amino acid alanine (the R-group is: -CH3) is

added to a solution with a pH of 7.3, alanine becomes:
a cation.
nonpolar.
a zwitterion.
an isotope.
an anion.

6. The peptide bond in proteins is

planar, but rotates to three preferred dihedral angles.
nonpolar, but rotates to three preferred dihedral angles.
nonpolar, and fixed in a trans conformation.
planar, and usually found in a trans conformation.
not cleavable by hydrolysis.
2. The molecular formula for glycine is C2H5O2N. What
would be the molecular formula for a linear oligomer made
by linking ten glycine molecules together by condensation
synthesis?
C20H50O20N10.
C20H32O11N10.
C20H40O10N10.
C20H68O29N10.
None of the above.

8. The resonance structures that can be drawn for the

peptide bond indicate that the peptide bond
still isn't completely understood by chemists.
is stronger than an ordinary single bond.
has partial double bond character.
is weaker than an ordinary single bond.
The second and third choices are both correct.

9. The peptide bond in proteins is

only found between proline residues.
usually cis unless proline is the next amino acid.
usually trans unless proline is the next amino acid.
is planar because of steric hinderance.
defines one of the angles used in the Ramachandran
plot.

. Which of the following amino acids has a polar, uncharged R group?

Arginine
Asparagine
Alanine
Phenylalanine
2. Which of the following amino acids has a polar, charged R group?
Leucine
Proline
Lysine
Methionine
3. Which of the following amino acids is NOT essential?
Tyrosine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
4. Which of the following is NOT an amino acid found in the human body?
Aspartic acid
Serine
Glutamate
Lysine
5. Which amino acid is essential for children but not adults?
Arginine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Glutamate
6. How many amino acids are essential for adults?
8
9
10
All of them
7. Which amino acid does NOT have a chiral centre?
Glycine
Phenylalanine
Valine
Glutamic acid
8. D is the 1 letter code for which amino acid?
Glutamine
Glutamic acid
Asparagine
Aspartic acid
9. N is the 1 letter code for which amino acid?
Arginine
Asparagine
Cysteine
Leucine
10. Proline is a...?
Polar amino acid
Non-cyclic alkyl hydrocarbon
Peptide chain
Imino acid

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

Fructose.
 
  
Sucrose.

  
Glucose.

  
Galactose.

  

Which of the following is a ketose?

Threose.
 
  
 Fructose.

  
Mannose.

  
Glucose.

  

Cyclization of the open form of glucose leads to the α and β-pyranose forms. All but one of the following
statements describe the α and β-forms. Which description is incorrect?
The α and β-forms are stereoisomers.
 
  
The α and β-forms differ in having an axial or equatorial OH at the anomeric centre.

  
The α and β-forms are anomers.

  
The α and β-forms are geometric isomers.

  

Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

Cellulose.
 
  
Lactose.

  
Glycogen.

  
Starch.

  

The general formula for an amino acid is RCH(NH2)CO2H. Which pairing of R group and name of amino acid
(ignoring D and L descriptors) is incorrect?
R = Me; histidine.
 
  
R = CH2SH; cysteine.

  
R = H; glycine.

  
R = CH2CO2H; aspartic acid.

  

Which statement about the zwitterionic form of an amino acid is correct?

The zwitterion acts only as an acid.
 
  
The zwitterion ion carries an overall charge which can be positive or negative.

  
 The zwitterion ion is neutral overall.

  
The zwitterion acts only as a base.

  

Which statement about an omega-3 fatty acid is incorrect?

It is an example of a triglyceride.
 
  
It is an unsaturated fatty acid.

  
It contains a carboxylic acid functional group.

  
It gives rise to anti-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins.

  

Which statement about proteins is incorrect?

Collagen is an example of a fibrous protein.
 
  
Sulfide links are structurally important in proteins and involve hydrogen-bonded interactions between S–H groups.

  
Myoglobin is an example of a globular protein and contains a prosthetic group.

  
Hydrogen bonding between C=O and H–N groups is structurally important in proteins.

  

Which statement about haemoglobin is incorrect?

A porphyrin-type ligand and a histidine residue from the protein chain coordinate to each Fe centre in haemoglobin.
 
  
The active site in the deoxy-form of haemoglobin contains Fe(II).

  
Haemoglobin irreversibly binds O2.

  
Haemoglobin is a haem-protein.

  

Which of the following is a purine base?

Uracil.
 
  
Adenine.

  
Cytosine.

  
 Thymine.

  

Base pairing takes place between complementary bases in DNA. Only one of the pairs below is correct for a
pair of complementary bases in DNA – which is it?
Guanine and cytosine.
 
  
Adenine and cytosine.

  
Uracil and thymine.

  
Guanine and adenine.

  

Which statement about the structure of B-DNA is incorrect?

During cell replication, the double helix of DNA unwinds and templates the formation of new strands.
 
  
The double strands form a helical assembly, with a left-handed twist.

  
Phosphate groups are present on the outside of the double helix.

  
Strands composed of nucleobases are associated by hydrogen-bonded base pairs.

  

Which one of the following nucleotides is present in RNA but is not present in DNA?
Guanine.
 
  
Uracil.

  
Thymine.

  
Adenine.

  

RNA contains:
single strands of deoxyribonucleotides.
 
  
double strands of ribonucleotides which form helical assemblies.

  
single strands of ribonucleotides.

  
double strands of deoxyribonucleotides which form helical assemblies

  
 Which nucleobase in RNA forms a complementary base pair with uracil?
Thymine.
 
  
Adenine.

  
Cytosine.

  
Guanine.

  

Which of the following is not a general class of enzyme?

Oxidases.
 
  
Ligases.

  
Transferases.

  
Amylases.

  

The secondary structure of a protein consists of all but one of the following. Which is the odd one out?
Turns.
 
  
α-helices.

  
Disulfide bridges.

  
β-sheets.

  

Three of the following are examples of globular proteins. One is not. Which is the odd one out?
Ovalbumin.
 
  
Collagen.

  
Pancreatic α-amylase.

  
Haemoglobin.