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    Giardia Lamblia

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    Djdjjd Siisus
    The document summarizes information about the phylum Sarcomastigophora and subphylum Mastigophora. It focuses on flagellates, which are organisms that possess one or more flagella to move. Key flagellates discussed include Giardia lamblia, which is a pathogenic parasite that causes giardiasis and inhabits the duodenum. Trichomonas vaginalis is also mentioned as a pathogenic flagellate that inhabits the vagina, urethra, and prostate gland. The document provides details on the morphology, life cycles, symptoms, and treatment of these two important flagellate parasites.

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    Giardia Lamblia

    Uploaded by

    Djdjjd Siisus
    15 views9 pages
    The document summarizes information about the phylum Sarcomastigophora and subphylum Mastigophora. It focuses on flagellates, which are organisms that possess one or more flagella to move. Key flagellates discussed include Giardia lamblia, which is a pathogenic parasite that causes giardiasis and inhabits the duodenum. Trichomonas vaginalis is also mentioned as a pathogenic flagellate that inhabits the vagina, urethra, and prostate gland. The document provides details on the morphology, life cycles, symptoms, and treatment of these two important flagellate parasites.

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    Giardia lamblia

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    The document summarizes information about the phylum Sarcomastigophora and subphylum Mastigophora. It focuses on flagellates, which are organisms that possess one or more flagella to move. Key flagellates discussed include Giardia lamblia, which is a pathogenic parasite that causes giardiasis and inhabits the duodenum. Trichomonas vaginalis is also mentioned as a pathogenic flagellate that inhabits the vagina, urethra, and prostate gland. The document provides details on the morphology, life cycles, symptoms, and treatment of these two important flagellate parasites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views9 pages

    Giardia Lamblia

    Uploaded by

    Djdjjd Siisus
    The document summarizes information about the phylum Sarcomastigophora and subphylum Mastigophora. It focuses on flagellates, which are organisms that possess one or more flagella to move. Key flagellates discussed include Giardia lamblia, which is a pathogenic parasite that causes giardiasis and inhabits the duodenum. Trichomonas vaginalis is also mentioned as a pathogenic flagellate that inhabits the vagina, urethra, and prostate gland. The document provides details on the morphology, life cycles, symptoms, and treatment of these two important flagellate parasites.

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    Advanced medical Parasitology

    Chapter (3): Phylum


    Sarcomastigophora Subphylum
    Mastigophora

    The
    Flagellates'
    ‫السوطيات‬
    1. Giardia lamblia
    2. Trichomonas vaginalis
    3. Blood and tissue

    Leishmanial spp.

    and Trypanasoma spp.

    1
    Subphylum Mastigophora, the flagellates

    These living organisms possess one or more than one flagellates. The
    beating of the flagella enables them to move, swim and adapt to wider
    range of environments.

    Flagellates are inhabit the reproductive tract, alimentary canal and also the
    blood stream, lymph vessels and cerebrospinal canal.

    They are pathogenic or commensals

    Digestive tract and urinogenital tract flagellates

    1. Giardia lamblia, duodenal, pathogenic

    2. Chilomastix mesnili, large intestine, commensal

    3. Trichomonas hominis, large intestine, commensal

    4. Trichomonas tenax, mouth, commensal.

    5. Retortamonas intestinalis, intestine commensal

    6. Enteromonas hominis, intestine commensal

    7. Trichomonas vaginalis, vagina, urethra and sometimes prostate gland,


    pathogenic.

    2
    Cyst (Chilomastix mesnili)

    trophozoite

    Chilomastix mesnili commensals

    Colon and caecum

    3
    7-23 um x 6-8 Mm pathogenic.

    Inhabits: vagina, urethra and prostate gland.

    4
    Trichomonas hominis

    5-14 X 7-10 Mm , commensals, large intestine.

    Trichomonas tenax

    4-16 X 2-15 um commensals , mouth, tartar.

    5
    Intestinal and luminal flagellates

    Giardia lamblia

    The cause of Giardiasis or Lambliasis

    Hosts: human beings, pigs and monkeys.

    Site of location (natural habitat): duodenum, (the upper small


    intestine). Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the
    parasite, Giardia duodenalis, also known as Giardia lamblia and Giardia
    intestinalis.

    Distribution :( Cosmopolitan) world _wide distributed parasite.

    Mode of infection: by contaminated food and drinks (via the mouth),


    no intermediate host or vector, but insects may distribute this parasite
    mechanically.

    Morphology: trophozoite, 12_15 um, flatten pear_ shaped organism


    with 8 flagella.

    2 axostyles: there are two anteriorly located large sucking discs. Two
    nuclei and two parabasal bodies. Multiply by binary fission inside the gut.

    Cyst: 9-12 Mm in length, ellipsoidal in shape contains four nuclei. It is


    the infective stage.

    6
    Life cycle: infection occurs by ingestion of cysts, excystation occurs in
    the duodenum and trophozoites colonize the upper small intestine, attach
    to the submucosal epithelium via the ventral sucking discs.

    The free trophozoites encyst as they move down and mitosis takes place
    during the encystment. The cysts are passed in the stool.

    Pathology and symptoms:

    The parasites do not invade the tissues but feed on the mucous secretions.
    In acute infection there is duodenal irritation with excess secretion of

    7
    mucous and dehydration accompanied by dull epigastric pain. Flatulence
    and chronic diarrhea with steatorrheic type (steatorrhea) of stool contain
    mucous and fat but no blood. Loose of weight due to dehydration and poor
    appetite.

    Occasionally the parasites are found in the bile ducts and even in the
    gallbladder. Gallbladder colic and jaundice, abdominal distension, nausea,
    and vomiting. The more chronic stage is associated with vitamin B12
    malabsorption, disaccharide deficiency and lactose intolerance.

    Diagnosis:
    1. Clinical symptoms

    2. Stool examination to find cyst and trophozoite

    3. Duodenal aspiration

    Treatment:

    1.Metronidazole

    2. Dyrade M (Entamizole)

    3. Tinidazole

    4. Quninacrine (atabrine)

    Immunology: infection with this parasite produces antibody. This


    antibody is detectable which is useful in diagnostic the infection, but it is
    not protective so re-infection is very likely.

    8
    9

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