ZGLDNILHA NFZGLRIEINHAI\ZIL\
Rgminh Glkhrjt,
8
Jipa.-Ein.; Grik Krupilkh,
2
Pd.J.; hnj ]facmhnm Dfcegistgr,
8
Pd.J.
Shaijhtifn fc Pfwjgr T-Rhy JiccrhltifnCfaafwinm GN I\F
⁊
IGL 8=027
HB\ZRHLZ?
Pfwjgr T-rhy jiccrhltifn (PTRJ) is usgj wijgay in cfrgnsil slignlg ahbfrhtfrigs witd tdg ehin cflus fc quhaithtivg pdhsgijgnticilhtifn. Aittag is cfunj in aitgrhturg rgcgrrinm tf tdg tfpil fc vhaijhtifn fc PTRJ in tdg cigaj fc cfrgnsil slignlgs. Hllfrjinm tf GN I\F
⁊
IGL8=027, tdg egtdfj dhs tf bg tgstgj cfr sgvgrha phrhegtgrs. Zrugngss, spglicility, hnj sgagltivity fc PTRJ wgrg tgstgj usinm lgrticigj rgcgrgnlg ehtgri-has fr h lfebinhtifn tdgrgfc. Haa tdrgg tgstgj phrhegtgrs sdfwgj tdg sglurg pgrcfrehnlg fc tdg egtdfj. \hepag prgphrhtifn grrfrs wgrg sieuahtgj tfgvhauhtg tdg rfbustngss fc tdg egtdfj. Zdgsg grrfrs wgrg gitdgr ghsiay jgtgltgj by tdg fpgrhtfr fr nfnsimnicilhnt cfr pdhsg ijgnticilhtifn. In lhsg fc tdg jgtgltifn aieit, h sthtistilha gvhauhtifn fc tdg simnha-tf-nfisg rhtif sdfwgj tdht h pghk lritgrifn fc tdrgg simeh is inhjgquhtg hnj rglfeegnjhtifnscfr h efrg rghaistil pghk lritgrifn hrg mivgn. Cinhaay, tdg rgsuats fc hn intgrnhtifnha prfcilignly tgst sdfwgj tdg sglurg pgrcfrehnlg fc PTRJ.
KGY]FRJ\?
cfrgnsil slignlg, pfwjgr T-rhy jiccrhltifn, vhaijhtifn, GN I\F
⁊
IGL 8=027, ahbfrhtfry prfcilignly tgst, trugngss, spglicility,sgagltivity, rfbustngss, prgphrhtifn grrfrs, jgtgltifn aieit
Aittag is cfunj in aitgrhturg rgcgrrinm tf tdg tfpil fc vhaijhtifn hnjpfwjgr T-rhy jiccrhltifn (PTRJ), gspglihaay rgahtinm tf tdg cigaj fc cfrgnsil slignlgs (8). Zdis phpgr mivgs h sueehry fc dfw rgquirgjphrhegtgrs lhn bg gxheingj hnj usgj cfr vhaijhtifn rgpfrt.Shaijhtifn hllfrjinm tf GN I\F
⁊
IGL 8=027 is
——
(
…
) tdg lfncir-ehtifn by gxheinhtifn hnj tdg prfvisifn fc fbogltivg gvijgnlg tdhttdg phrtiluahr rgquirgegnts cfr h spglicil intgnjgj usg hrg cuaciaagj
’’
(2, p. :8). Pfint 7.:.7.< in GN I\F
⁊
IGL 8=027 sthtgs tdht
——
tdgrhnmg hnj hllurhly fc tdg vhaugs fbthinhbag crfe vhaijhtgj egtd-fjs (
…
) hs hssgssgj cfr tdg intgnjgj usg, sdhaa bg rgagvhnt tf tdglustfegr
’
s nggjs
’’
(2, p. :8). Zdg ehin intgnjgj usg fc PTRJ incfrgnsil slignlg ahbfrhtfrigs is quhaithtivg pdhsg ijgnticilhtifn (<,:).Zf eggt tdg gxpgltgj sthnjhrjs, tdg PTRJ egtdfj is tgstgj cfrphrhegtgrs fc trugngss, spglicility, sgagltivity, rfbustngss hmhinstprgphrhtifn grrfrs, hnj jgtgltifn aieit.
Ehtgrihas hnj Egtdfjs
Pfwjgr T-Rhy Jiccrhltifn
Zdg jgvilg usgj cfr PTRJ hnhaysis is tdg J4 Hjvhnlg (BrukgrHT\ MebD, Khrasrudg, Mgrehny) witd trhnseissifn,
d
⁊
2
d
mgfeg-try, hnj h pfsitifn-sgnsitivg Sntgl jgtgltfr. Zdg shepag rfthtgs witdlfnsthnt hnmuahr spggj tdrfumdfut tdg eghsurgegnt. Jiccgrgnt hpgr-turgs hrg hvhiahbag witd h jihegtgr fc <, 3, hnj 87 ee. Zdg cfaafwinmeghsurgegnt phrhegtgrs hrg usgj ic nft sthtgj ftdgrwisg (Zhbag 8).Pfwjgrs hrg prgphrgj bgtwggn twf Khptfn
cfias (4
a
e; \pgx-Lgrtiprgp
, \thnefrg, W.K.) fn h spgliegn dfajgr (Cim. 8).Zdg spgliegn dfajgr is insgrtgj in h shepag dfajgr wdild ispahlgj intf h ehmngtil dfajgr fc tdg J4 Hjvhnlg. Zdg gvhauhtifnsfctwhrg usgj is Jiccrhl Paus Rgaghsg 2007 Gvh Sgrsifn 88.0 crfeBrukgr HT\ MebD. Rgcgrgnlg jhthbhsg usgj is ILJJ PJC2 fc 2007 hnj sgac-gsthbaisdgj usgr jhthbhsgs. Ic nft sthtgj ftdgrwisg,jiccrhltfmrhes hrg gvhauhtgj by iepfrt fc rhw ciags in Gvh, cfa-afwgj by bhlkmrfunj subtrhltifn hnj Cfurigr trhnscfrehtifn.
Eilrf T-Rhy Caufrgslgnlg
Zf suppfrt tdg gvhauhtifn fc jiccrhltfmrhes, efst ahbfrhtfrigshppay gagegntha hnhaysis hs wgaa. In tdis wfrk, gagegntha hnhaysis ispgrcfregj by eilrf-T-rhy caufrgslgnlg (
a
-TRC). Zdg jgvilg usgj isGhmag II (Ríntmgnhnhaytik Egsstgldnik MebD, Zhunusstgin,Mgrehny) witd hn \i(Ai)-jgtgltfr. ]itd tdg dgap fc efnf-lhpiaahryfptils, sehaa shepag quhntitigs lhn bg hnhayzgj. Eghsurgegntphrhegtgrs hnj gvhauhtifn fc spgltrh hrg lhrrigj fut witd tdg sfct-whrg Ghmag II Sisifn <2. Zdg shepag prgphrhtifn is tdg sheg hs witdtdg PTRJ, sf shepags hnhayzgj witd bftd egtdfjs jf nft ldhnmgprgphrhtifn bgtwggn tdg twf eghsurgegnts. Zdg cfaafwinm phrheg-tgrs hrg usgj cfr gagegntha hnhaysgs ic nft sthtgj ftdgrwisg (Zhbag 2).
]gimdinm
Zwf bhahnlgs wgrg usgj? Egttagr efjga HG 83< (EgttagrZfagjf MebD, MigÖgn, Mgrehny) hnj h Lhdn-27 bhahnlg (Cisdgr\lignticil, \ldwgrtg, Mgrehny).
\hepag Ehtgrihas
_inl fxijg, lhalitg, sfjiue ldafrijg, pfthssiue ldafrijg, aitdiuecaufrijg, aghj lhrbfnhtg, mhahltfsg, ahltfsg, hrhbinfsg, xyafsg,sfrbfsg, maulfsg, crultfsg, ehnnitfa, thal, hnj lgaauafsg wgrg pur-ldhsgj crfe Egrlk (Jhresthjt, Mgrehny); lhccging hnj ahltfsgefnfdyjrhtg crfe Caukh Ldgeig MebD (Bulds, \witzgrahnj); aghjsuapdhtg crfe Rigjga jg Dhn (nfw Caukh Ldgeig MebD); \RE2343 Pfrtahnj Lgegnt Lainkgr crfe tdg Nhtifnha Institutg fc
8
Institutg fc Mgfslignlgs, Ofdhnngs Mutgnbgrm Wnivgrsity, J-77099Ehinz, Mgrehny.
2
Cfrgnsil \lignlg Institutg, BKH, J-378=< ]igsbhjgn, Mgrehny.Rglgivgj 24 Ouay 2080; hnj in rgvisgj cfre 83 Cgb. 2088; hllgptgj 82Ehr. 2088.
O Cfrgnsil \li,
Ehy 2082, Sfa. 7=, Nf. <jfi? 80.8888/o.8773-:029.2088.02027.xHvhiahbag fnaing ht? fnaingaibrhry.wiagy.lfe
=22
2082 Hegrilhn Hlhjgey fc Cfrgnsil \lignlgs
\thnjhrjs hnj Zgldnfafmy (Mhitdgrsburm, EJ); \RE 3=:
h
-hau-einiue fxijg hnj tithniue fxijg crfe tdg Nhtifnha Burghu fc \thnjhrjs (Mhitdgrsburm, EJ); tdg sfia sthnjhrj
——
Aimdt haauviha-jg-auviha eghjfw sfia
’’
P\-< LFJ Nf <82h-94 crfe EBD HnhaytilhaAtj. (Bhrngt, WK); siavgr ehtgriha crfe Sgntrfn MebD (Khrasrudg,Mgrehny); hnj mfaj ehtgriha crfe Bhazgrs Wnifn (nfw AgilhEilrfsystges, ]gtzahr, Mgrehny). Lfeegrlihaay hvhiahbag priegrs(Ehmtgld Laghnrhnmg [Ehmtgld Heeunitifn Lfephny, Inl., AinfAhkgs, ENU, Mglf-\infxij [RWHM Heeftgl MebD, Crtd,MgrehnyU, hnj \&B nfntfx [\gaaigr Bgaaft O.\.L., Sahie, LzgldRgpubailU) wgrg prfvijgj by KZ2<, BKH, ]igsbhjgn, Mgrehny.Dgrfin shepag whs sgizgj by KZ<:, BKH. Nf lgrticilhtg fc hnhay-sis whs hvhiahbag fc tdg gxpafsivgs, trinitrftfaugng, pgnthgrytdritfatgtrhnitrhtg, hnj trinitrf-2, :,3-pdgnyaegtdyanitrheing, hnj sf tdgywgrg gxheingj by nulaghr ehmngtil rgsfnhnlg spgltrfslfpy.
\urvgy hnj Rgsuats
Zrugngss
Zdg phrhegtgr trugngss sdfuaj bg tgstgj by hnhayzinm lgrticigjrgcgrgnlg ehtgriha fr ehtgriha tdht is harghjy hnhayzgj witd hnftdgrvhaijhtgj egtdfj in lhsg nf lgrticilhtg is mivgn. In quhaithtivg hnha-ysis, tdg fnay lfnlausifn jrhwn is tdg pdhsg ijgnticilhtifn.Ehtgrihas ldfsgn tf tgst tdis phrhegtgr hrg ahltfsg efnfdyjrhtg,haueiniue fxijg, tdg sfia sthnjhrj P\-<, tdg Pfrtahnj lgegnt lain-kgr, trinitrftfaugng, pgnthgrytdritfa tgtrhnitrhtg, hnj trinitrf-2,:,3-pdgnyaegtdyanitrheing.Ijgnticilhtifn fc h sinmag pdhsg fc lrysthaaing ehtgriha is in mgn-grha unprfbagehtil. Zdg ijgnticilhtifn fc ahltfsg dyjrhtg hnj tdgtdrgg gxpafsivgs whs witdfut jicciluatigs.Zdg prfbage witd jislrieinhtifn bgtwggn h sinmag pdhsg hnj heixgj lrystha lfegs up witd tdg gxheinhtifn fc tdg pdhsg lfrun-jue. Zdg gvhauhtifn sfctwhrg Gvh prfpfsgs bgsijgs purg Ha
2
F
<
heixgj lrystha Ha
8.94
Lr
0.2
F
<
, wdfsg phttgrn lhn fnay bg jiccgrgnti-htgj crfe purg Ha
2
F
<
phttgrn witd tdg suppfrt fc gagegntha hnhaysisincfrehtifn (Cim. 2).H mrghtgr lfepagxity is sdfwn by tdg gxheinhtifn fc tdg lgegnthnj sfia sthnjhrjs, wdild lfnsist fc euatipag lrysthaaing pdhsgs(Zhbags < hnj :).Zdg ehin jiccrhltifn pghks fc haitg (PJC nf. 077-0=:0) hnj bgaitg(PJC nf. 0<<-0<02) fvgrahy ghld ftdgr (Cim. <). Zdg fnay crgg jic-crhltifn pghks fc bgaitg hrg tdg fngs hrfunj ::.8
1 2
d
1 ::.4
fr
l.
<=.<
. Zdg afwgr intgnsity fc tdg bgaitg pdhsg (Lh
2
\iF
:
) lfepai-lhtgs tdg ijgnticilhtifn, hnj curtdgrefrg, tdg prgsgnlg fc h sfaij sfau-tifn, cfr gxhepag, (Lh
8.99
Em
0.08
)\iF
:
, lhnnft bg gxlaujgj. Pgrilahsg,wdild in tftha sdfws fnay civg jiccrhltifn pghks in tdg rhnmg fc 7
1 2
d
1 40
, lhn fnay bg ijgnticigj witd tdg suppfrt fc gagegnthahnhaysis hnj tdg knfwagjmg tdht it ehy bg h typilha lgegnt pdhsg.Hs lhn bg sggn in Cim. :, gvgn witd h eghsurgegnt tieg fc : d,ldafritg, wdild dfajs ning wgimdt pgrlgnt, lhnnft bg ijgnticigj.Rgcgrrinm tf iaaitg
⁊
euslfvitg, fnay h dint fc prgsgnlg fc h eilhmrfup eingrha lhn bg mivgn. Zdg ehtrix hbsfrptifn, lrysthaainity,hnj strhy rhjihtifn prgvgnt tdg ijgnticilhtifn fc lrysthaaing pdhsgswitd afwgr wgimdt pgrlgnthmg. Hn fpgrhtfr lhn sgg jiccrhltifnpghks (g.m., 2
d
5 <<.8
fr 2
d
5 <9.2
) tdht hrg stiaa agct fvgr, butgvgn witd tdg suppfrt fc gagegntha hnhaysis nf sglurg ijgnticilhtifnfc ftdgr lrysthaaing pdhsgs is pfssibag.
\pglicility hnj \gagltivity
Ic h quhaithtivg hnhaysis rgsuat is tf bg mivgn witd h lgrthinegtdfj, tdg phrhegtgrs
’
spglicility hnj sgagltivity dhvg tf bg tgstgj.Zdg lritgrifn fc spglicility is hldigvgj ic tdg rgagvhnt hnhaytg lhn bgijgnticigj fr quhnticigj. Zdg lritgrifn fc sgagltivity is cuaciaagj ic haahnhaytgs lhn bg ijgnticigj sgphrhtgay. Bftd phrhegtgrs lhn bg tgstgjwitd h syntdgtilhaay mgngrhtgj pdhsg lfepfsitg fc lgrticigj rgcgrgnlgehtgrihas. Rgcgrrinm tf PTRJ, tdg sullgss fc ijgnticyinm fng frefrg pdhsgs in h pdhsg eixturg is strfnmay jgpgnjinm fn tdg quhaityfc pdhsg lrysthaainity, tdg prgsgnlg fc hefrpdfus lfepfunjs, hnjsieiahr lrystha strulturgs (g.m., euatipag eilh pdhsgs, euatipag lubilegtha pdhsgs, fr eixgj lrystha systges). Ic h pdhsg eixturg lfnsistsfc euatipag lfepfunjs wdfsg jiccrhltifn pghks fvgrahy ghld ftdgr,sglurg ijgnticilhtifn lhn bg prfbagehtil.Zdg hbiaity fc PTRJ tf jiccgrgntihtg bgtwggn lrysthaafmrhpdilsieiahr phttgrns fr tf rghld tdis hbiaity witd tdg suppfrt fc gagegn-tha hnhaysis is tgstgj. Ftdgr lfepfunj eixturgs lfnsist fc euatipagpdhsgs hnj hrg hnhayzgj cfr gxhepag tf tgst dfw ehny pdhsgs lhnbg jgtgltgj in fng eixturg.Hatdfumd tdg cfaafwinm shepag eixturg is nft nfrehaay hnhayzgjby tdg egtdfj fc PTRJ in rgha lhsgwfrk slgnhrif, it is h mffjgxhepag tf sdfw tdg egtdfj
’
s aieithtifns. Zdg hnhaysis fc h eix-turg fc mfaj hnj siavgr witd PTRJ is prfbagehtil. Euatipag pdhsgshrg summgstgj by tdg sghrld
⁊
ehtld rfuting fc tdg Gvh sfctwhrg(g.m., FS, AiD, Pj
<
Mj, hnj LuBr), haa lfnsistinm fc jiccgrgnt gag-egnts (Cim. 7).Haa pdhsgs bgafnm tf tdg lrysthaafmrhpdil sphlg mrfup Pe<e frCe<e, hnj it is iepfssibag tf shy wdild phttgrn lfuaj bg usgj cfrtdg ijgnticilhtifn bglhusg haa fc tdge ehtld tdg jiccrhltfmrhe. Fntdg lfntrhry, witd tdg dgap fc gagegntha hnhaysis, it is laghr tdht tdgeixturg lfnsists fc siavgr hnj mfaj.H eixturg fc sgvgn sumhrs (lfnsistinm fc mhahltfsg, ahltfsgdyjrhtg, hrhbinfsg, xyafsg, sfrbfsg, maulfsg, hnj crultfsg tf 8
⁊
=wgimdt pgrlgnt ghld) is hnhayzgj. ]itd h eghsurgegnt tieg fc 8 d
ZHBAG 8
‚Eghsurgegnt phrhegtgrs cfr PTRJ hnhaysis.
Rhjihtifn Lu K
h
8
8.7:0794Sfathmg :0 kSLurrgnt :0 eHEghsurgegnt rhnmg 7“40
2
d
Zieg
⁊
stgp 0.8 sgl2
d
rhnmg
⁊
stgp 0.0043
Fvgrhaa eghsurgegnt tieg 8:.77 einRfthtifn <0 r
⁊
einHpgrturg 3 eePTRJ, pfwjgr T-rhy jiccrhltifn.CIM. 8
‚\hepag prgphrhtifn fc pfwjgr T-rhy jiccrhltifn (PTRJ).
ZHBAG 2
‚Eghsurgegnt phrhegtgrs cfr
a
-TRC hnhaysis.
Hnfjg Ehtgriha RdfjiueSfathmg :0 kSLurrgnt Shrihbag (2700 lps)Htefspdgrg Shluue\pft sizg <00
a
eFvgrhaa eghsurgegnt tieg <00 sglZypg fc eghsurgegnt 80-pfint hnhaysis
a
-TRC, eilrf-T-rhy caufrgslgnlg.
GLKHRJZ GZ HA.
•
SHAIJHZIFN FC PF]JGR T-RHY JICCRHLZIFN
=2<
hnj tdg suppfrt fc gagegntha hnhaysis, tdg sgvgn sumhr pdhsgs lfuajbg laghray ijgnticigj (Cim. 3).H aikgwisg eixturg lfnsistinm fc 80 pdhsgs (zinl fxijg, tithniuefxijg, haueiniue fxijg, siailfn fxijg, lhaliue fxijg, aghj lhrbfn-htg, aghj suapdhtg, sfjiue ldafrijg, pfthssiue ldafrijg, hnj aitdiuecaufrijg) whs prgphrgj hs hn gxhepag fc hn infrmhnil eixturg. Haapdhsgs lfuaj bg ijgnticigj witd h eghsurgegnt tieg fc 8 d hnj tdgsuppfrt fc gagegntha hnhaysis (Cim. =).
Rfbustngss Hmhinst Prgphrhtifn Grrfrs
H jishjvhnthmg fc tdg cflusinm mgfegtry fc tdg pfwjgr jiccrhl-tfegtgr is tdg dimd sgnsitivity cfr grrfrs in shepag dgimdt. Zdgsggrrfrs lhn hppghr tdrfumd hn ieprfpgr cixhtifn fc tdg lahepinmrinms fr tdg prgphrhtifn fc tdg pfwjgr bgtwggn tdg twf Khptfn
cfias. Zf gvhauhtg tdg lfnsgqugnlgs fc suld grrfrs, tgst shepagswgrg lfnslifusay prgphrgj chasgay.
Indfefmgnil Phrtilag \izg Jistributifn
Priegr lfepfsitifn shepags sdfw in mgngrha h dgtgrfmgngfusehtgriha witd pdhsgs lfnsistinm fc jiccgrgnt phrtilag sizg. Bglhusgfc tdg sgnsitivity tf criltifn hnj lfeprgssifn, mrinjinm fc suld sub-sthnlgs lhn bg jhnmgrfus hnj dhs tf bg lhrrigj fut witd mrght lhrg.Lhusgj by tdg jiccgrgnt phrtilag sizg hnj tdg uprimdt pfsitifn fc tdgshepag jurinm h eghsurgegnt, tdgrg is h pfssibiaity tdht fnay bimmgrphrtilags hrg cixgj by tdg strhin fc tdg twf Khptfn
cfias. Hs h lfn-sgqugnlg, ehtgriha afss lfuaj fllur witd sehaagr phrtilags chaainmfut fc tdg irrhjihtgj hrgh hnj tdg lfrrgspfnjinm pdhsgs wfuaj nftbg jgtgltgj.Zf gvhauhtg tdg lfnsgqugnlgs fc suld h prfbage, tdrgg priegrswgrg prgphrgj in tdrgg jiccgrgnt whys. Zdg lfephrisfn fc tdg tdrgg\&B nfntfx shepags is sdfwn cfr gxhepag (Cim. 4). Zdg cirst whyfc prgphrhtifn is hs sthtgj in tdg mgngrha shepag prgphrhtifn tgld-niqug (Cim. 4
H
), tdg sglfnj prgphrhtifn inlaujgs h mrinjinm stgp(Cim. 4
B
), hnj tdg tdirj fng usgs tdg mrinjinm stgp paus h pfwjgrcixhtifn fn tdg afwgr Khptfn
cfia witd tdg dgap fc siailfn fia(Cim. 4
L
). Zdg siailfn fia sdfuaj ieprfvg tdg hjdgsifn fc phrtilagstf tdg cfia hnj prgvgnt phrtilag afss.Nf ehtgriha afss fr eissinm pdhsgs lfuaj bg fbsgrvgj lfephrinmtdg tdrgg jiccgrgnt prgphrhtifn tgldniqugs.Zdg Ehmtgld shepags sdfwgj h jispahlgegnt fc
J
2
d
5 0.02
.Jurinm tdg mrinjinm stgp, unmrinjhbag spdgrgs wgrg fbsgrvgj, hnjsfeg wgrg sfrtgj fut cfr curtdgr eghsurgegnts. \lhnninm gagltrfn
ZHBAG <
‚Pdhsg lfepfsitifn fc \RE 2343 Pfrtahnj lgegnt lainkgr hsmivgn by lgrticilhtg.
Pdhsg Ehss PgrlgntHaitg (L
<
\) 74.3 ₡ :.0Bgaitg (L
2
\) 2<.< ₡ 2.4Cgrritg (L
:
HC) 8:.8 ₡ 8.:Pgrilahsg (EmF) <.< ₡ 8.9Haueinhtg (L
<
H) 2.< ₡ 2.8L, LhF; \, \iF
2
; H, Ha
2
F
<
; C, Cg
2
F
<
.ZHBAG :
‚Pdhsg lfepfsitifn fc sfia sthnjhrj P\-< hs mivgn by lgrticilhtg.
Pdhsg ]gimdt PgrlgntXuhrtz 24Habitg 84Frtdflahsg 8:Ldafritg 9Lhalitg 4Iaaitg + Euslfvitg =Zrgefaitg 3Efntefriaafnitg 2Mfgtditg 2Mibbsitg 2Rdfjfldrfsitg 8Frmhnil lfepfunjs 8CIM. 2
‚Jiccrhltfmrhe fc tdg shepag Ha
2
F
<
.
=2:
OFWRNHA FC CFRGN\IL \LIGNLG\
eilrfslfpy fc tdg hefrpdfus phrtilags sdfwgj fnay fxymgn, nitrf-mgn, hnj lhrbfn. It is lfnlaujgj tdht tdgsg phrtilags lfnsist fc nitrf-lgaauafsg tdht is h typilha lfepfsitg fc priegrs.
Zgxturg Gccglts
Prgphrhtifn fc ahygrgj eingrhas, cfr gxhepag pdyaaf-siailhtgs, lhnbg jicciluat. Bglhusg tdgsg eingrhas sdfw h ahygrgj lrysthaafmrhpdilstrulturg hnj hrg hasf gahstil, mrinjinm fc suld ehtgrihas is lfepai-lhtgj. ]dgn tdg ehtgriha is cixgj bgtwggn tdg twf Khptfn
cfias, hprgcgrgntiha frignthtifn phrhaaga tf tdg cfia fllurs. Zdis gccglt lhn bggndhnlgj by tdg sthtilha intgrhltifn bgtwggn, cfr gxhepag, eilhshnj tdg Khptfn
cfias. In lfnsgqugnlg, hn hjgquhtg nuebgr fc sth-tistilhaay frigntgj lrysthas hrg nft whrrhntgj. \gagltgj jiccrhltifnpghks hrg mivgn h euld dimdgr intgnsity, wdgrghs ftdgrs wiaa nft bgjgtgltgj lhusgj by tdgir pfsitifninm in tdg eghsurgegnt mgfegtry.Zdis lhusgs h prfbage cfr tdg gvhauhtifn sfctwhrg, bglhusg tdgrgsuatinm phttgrn jfgs nft ehtld tdg fngs in tdg rgcgrgnlg jhthbhsg.Puavgrizinm h eilh eingrha (Cim. 9
H
) cfr 2 (Cim. 9
B
), 4 (Cim. 9
L
),hnj 20 ein (Cim. 9
J
) afwgrs tdg tgxturg gccglt.Zdg bgst ehtld witd euslfvitg is mivgn hctgr puavgrizinm cfr20 ein bglhusg efrg jiccrhltifn pghks hrg jgtgltgj hnj lhn bghssimngj tf tdg phttgrn fc tdg rgcgrgnlg jhthbhsg.
Shrihtifns in \hepag Mgfegtry
Lfnsgqugnlgs fc vhrihtifns in shepag mgfegtry nggj tf bg gvha-uhtgj. It is lfeefn tdht jiccgrgnt fpgrhtfrs prgphrg h jiccgrgntehss fc ehtgriha bgtwggn tdg twf Khptfn
cfias fr gvgn fng fpgrh-tfr ic prgphrinm tdg sheg ehtgriha euatipag tiegs. Hnftdgr grrfr lhnfllur in lhsg fng lahepinm rinm is nft prfpgray cixgj (Cim. 80).Zdg spgliegn lfuaj hasf bg insgrtgj upsijg jfwn intf tdg ehm-ngtil dfajgr fc tdg J4 Hjvhnlg. H shepag lfuaj bg prgphrgj tfftdilk fr tff tdin. Lfnsgqugnlgs fc tdgsg grrfrs wgrg tgstgj fn hninfrmhnil shepag (tdg lgegnt sthnjhrj) hnj hn frmhnil shepag(dgrfin).It is sdfwn tdht h tdinngr (Cim. 88
L
) tdhn nfreha prgphrhtifn(Cim. 88
H
) fc frmhnil ehtgriha rgsuats in h strfnm intgnsity afss,wdgrghs h tdilkgr prgphrhtifn (Cim. 88
B
) sdfws h strfnm intgnsitymhin.
CIM. <
‚Jiccrhltfmrhe fc \RE 2343 Pfrtahnj lgegnt lainkgr.
GLKHRJZ GZ HA.
•
SHAIJHZIFN FC PF]JGR T-RHY JICCRHLZIFN
=27