IM

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AD-768 049

USER'S MANUAL FOR ILSLOC: SIMULATION FOR

rK DEROGATION EFFECTS ON THE LOCALIZER
PORTION OF THE INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM
G. Chino et al
Transportation Systems Center
Cambridge, Massachusetts
August 1973

DISTRIBUTED BY:

Natmml Technial Illfiuu Servic

U.&.DEPARTMENT OF CMMNERCE
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va. --"151
 Best
Avai~lable
Copy
rP- - -- ~-.~--- -

TECHNICAL REPORT STAN(rARO TITLE PAW~

1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3 eciplent's Catalog No. 1

;7
#oil 4 T-19 ad $ S.Repott Do#*
'~"~"" USER'S MANUAL FOR ILSLOC: uut,17
SIMULATION FOR DEROGATION EFFECTS ON THE Auut
P97
LOCALIZER PORTION OF THE INSTRUMENT LANDING .*fomn enzo Cd

L. Jordan, D.Kahn, S.Morin, D.PorminTSC-FAA-73-epor1

T-SFA731
No
ID.Newsom, A. Watson
9. Poritirming OgnztoNmendA rss10. Work Unit No.

Department of Transportation R3117/FA307

1.Contract Grant No.

Kendall Square
Cambirl~ 4?13.
MA Typo of Report and Perrod Covered
12. Sponsoring Agenicy Name and Address
Department of Transportation Operational Handbook
Federal Aviation Administration_____________
Systems Research and Development Service 14. Sponsoring Agency Cod*
IWashington, D.C. 20591____________
1S. Supplempentary Notes

Ab~tpcThgis manual presents the complete ILSLOC computer programI

packge.In addition to including a thorough description of the
program itself and a commented listing, the manual contains a
brief description of the ILS system and antenna patterns. ToI
illustrate the program a test case was created and the figures
of the case are incorporated in the report. Program DYNM and
program ILSPLT are included as Appendices. The 'LSPLT, complete
with sample graphs, is a plotting routine for ILSLOC.
For a technical mathematical analysis of the system,
FAA report "Instrument Landing System Scattering" No. FAA- theI
RD-72-137 should be consulted. -

Reproduced by

NATIONAL TECHNICAL
iNFORMATION SERVICE
Sr
U~eprtat of Commerce
Sp~glIdVA 22151

17. Key Words 18. Distuibutlon Statement

DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC

IS, DeoaioC THROUGH THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL

Locali zer ILS erogtionCDIINFORMATION SERVICE. S.ARINGFIELO.

VIRGINIA 22151. V

-4
19. Security cloself. (of this reperI) 20. Security Cossif. (of this pege) 21. Me. of Pages 22. Price
Unclassified Unclassified
Fen. DOT F 1700.7 isst

II
 PPEFACE

As part of the ILS Performance Prediction program (PPA No.

FA307), a first phase ILS Localizer performance prediction computer
program package has been prepared. This package consists of the
computer program and the present document which describes the
capabilities and limitations of the computer model as well as
7- the step by step running of the computer program.*

2 The computer program is intended as an aid in predicting the

performance of different ILS Localizer antenna candidates for a
proposed runway instrumentation or for the upgrading of an already
instrumented runway. It is also intended to provide a relatively
inexpensive means by which the effect of any proposed changes to
an airport environment (addition of terminal buildings, hangars,
etc.) on ILS performance may be predicted.

This document was prepared for TSC by D. Newsom assigned

full time as a programmer to the ILS Performance Prediction
program and by A. Watson who helped in its writing. The document
and attached computer program are based on the theories and
analyses developed by the TSC group (Chin, Jordan, Kahn and Morin)
for the ILS program sponsored by H. Butts of the Systems Research
and Development Service of the FAA.

af

i-iA
 CONTENTS

Section Page
1. DEFINITION OF INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM ........ 1

2. ANTENNA PATTERNS ............................... 3

3. ILS SIMULATION DESCRIPTION ..................... 6

4. TEST CASE FOR THE ILSLOC COMPUTER PROGRAM ...... 8

APPENDIX A MAIN PROGRAM LISTING INCLUDING COMMENTS
EXPLAINING TIlE PROGRAM ..................... 26
APPENDIX B DYNAMIC SIMULATION PROGRAM DYNM LISTING.... 64
APPENDIX C ILSPLT PLOTTING ROUTINE .................... 67

Preceding page blank

v
 RE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Page

1 ANTENNA PATTERNS SKETCH ....................... 4

2 SIMULATION AIRPORT........................... 9
3 PATTERN CARD TEST CASE LISTING ................ 14

4 ILLUSTRATION OF ORIENTATION NOMENCLATURE FOR

RECTANGULAR SURFACE ........................... 20

5 FLIGHT CASE INPUTS ............................ 2S

vi
 1. DEFITION OF INSTRUMENT LANDINA SYSTEM

The ILSLOC program has been written to simulate certain air-

port conditions which affect the localizer portion of the Instrument
Landing Sjstem. The ILS is used to provide signals for the safe
nsvigation of landing aircraft during periods of low cloud cover
and other conditions of restricted visual range. Separate systems
are used to communicate vertical and horizontal information; the

horizontal system is called the "localizer".

This system operates by the transmission of an RF carrier,
amplitude modulated by two audio frequencies, beamed to approaching
airborne receivers. In an instrumented aircraft, the localizer

receiver serves to demodulate the RF signal, amplify and isolate

the correspording audio signals and derive a signal to drive the
ILS horizontal display in the cockpit. The pilot, by reading the
display, can determine if he is on course, to the left of the
runway, or the right of the runway. These signals must be strong
enough to cover a radius of twenty-five miles around the antenna.
The directional information is determined by the relative
strengths of the transmitted sideband signals. The audio frequency
modulations, which are fixed at 90 H and 150 Hz, are radiated
in different angular patterns with respect to the runway centerline
extended. The 'course" is defined as the locus of points where the
amplitudes of the two modulations are equal. The display of a
difference of the amplitudes (90 11z and 150 Hz) of the sidebands
is referred to as the Course Deviation Indication. Thus, the
CDI is the pilot's indication as to what his bearing is relative
to the center line of the runway. The CDI is measured in microamps.
The actual course generated by any particular ILS installation will
deviate from the ideal due to the interference of spurious re-
flections from buildings present in the range of the transmitting
antenna. The deviation, caused by these buildings, or scattererq
of the CDI from what the receiver should read ideally at that
point in space (e.g., on the center of the runway and CDI reading
other than 0) is the derogation effect.

1
 The Localizer system transmits an asymmetrical pattern by
beaming a "carrier plus sideband" pattern and a "sideband only"
pattern, the composite of which gives the desired effect. If a
specific localizer system uses two antenna arrays, four sets of
signals will be transmitted; if the system uses a single antenna
array, two sets will be transmitted.

2
 = 12
I

26 ANTEflNA PATTERNS j

The proper angular variation of the transmitted 90 Hz and

the 150 11z modulation is achieved by the radiation of two independent
sideband patterns by the transmitting antenna arrays. Equal
magnitudes of 90 Hz and 150 1lz modulation are transmitted in each
of these patterns, however with different relative phases. One
of the patterns is symmetrical with respect to the prescribed t
course. An unmodulated carrier wave is transmitted with the same
pattern and the combination is commonly referred to as the "car-
rier plus sidebands" (C + S) signal. The other signal is trans-
mitted in an "anti-symmetrical" pattern and is referred to as the
"sidebands-only" signal.
Figure 1 illustrates how these features are used to obtain
the desired directional CDI. The magnitudes of the C + S and SO
sideband patterns as functions of angu ir deviation from the
course are illustrated in Figures la. T;ie sideband amplitude of
the C + S pattern represents 20% modulation of the carrier wave -

(or a "depth of modulation" of 0.2) at both 90 Hz and 150 Hz.

Considering the phases of both modulations of the C + S signal to
be positive, the relative phases and typical amplitudes of the two i
SO modulations are as shown in Figures lb. The resultant 90 Hz
and 150 Hz modulation patterns in the total ILS signal are obtained
by algebraically combining the respective C + S and SO sideband
patterns (Figures lc). The evident consequence is that the depth
of modulation is greater for 90Hz than for 150 Hz to the left
of the course as seen from an approaching aircraft, and the ov-
posite is true to the right of the course. This difference when
properly calibrated in relation to the total modulation (90 Hz
+ 150 Hz) reaching the aircraft receiver gives the CDI as appears
in Figure Id.
Since the strength of C + S and SO signals fall off at the
same rate with distance from the transmitting antenna, the CDI
is independent of range. i

3I
II

ANGLE.

Figure la Sideband Pattern Magnitude

90 II:
150 11,

ANGLE
ANGLE

Iv

Figure lb Relative Amplitudes and Phases In SO Pattern

90 11z ISO 1iz

ANGLE AtTLE

Figure lc Resultant Modulation Patterns

CDI

ANGLE

Figure id Course Deviation Indication (CDI)

Figure 1. Antenna Patterns Sketch

4
 FAA standards for the ILS specify that within a certain nar-
row angular range about the course, the CDI shoulo be close'y
proporticnal to the aircraft's angular deviation from course. This
sector near the ideal approach is termed the "course sector" and
usually extends between 1 1/20 and 30 to either side of the runway
centerline. The wider sectors on either side of the course sector
are called the "clearance sectors". In these sectors, which extend
a minimum of 350 from the course, the CDI is required to always
exceed a certain minimum magnitude. The presence of structures
in the clearance sectors which scatter spurious signals into the
course sector is the primary cause of derogation of the localizer
CDI. Such structures are illuminated by carrier and sideband
signals. The ratios of 150 Hz modulation to 90 Hz modulation in
these signals are determined by the angular position of the
structure with respect to the runway. In general these ratios are
different from those transmitted toward the aircraft, due to the
difference in angular position. The signals transmitted toward
the scatterer will be reflected toward the aircraft. Thus the
aircraft will receive the summations of the direct and scattered
signals. Since, in general, the scattered signals will have im-
proper ratios their effect is to distort the CDI. To combat this
problem several new antenna systems have been designed. Two basic
systems are used: the single antenna, and the "capture effect
system."
The single antenna system radiates two patterns from one
antenna array. The signal generated in the course sector is
stronger than that generated in the cl-arance sector. However,
because of the derogation effects, the signals are often not ac-
curate enough to meet category II or III requirements and the
more accurate "capture effect system" is used. This system uses
one antenna array to broadcast a very narrow, powerful beam in
the course sector. The second antenna array broadcasts a broader
pattern, at a slightly different carrier frequency, which covers
the clearance area. This system diminishes the derogation effects
because of the dual frequency. The term "capture effect" has
been used to describe this two antenna array system because the
airplane receiver is "captured" by the stronger transmission signal.

S
 3. ILS SIMULATION DESCRIPTION

The ILS simulation program makes it possible for airport

planners to determine what the effects of potential airport
buildings on the ILS performance are going to be. Thus, for
example, if a new terminal or hotel is planned, the information
as to size and location of the building can be input to the program
and the derogati.on effect of that building can be determined.
Because the derogation effect of these scatterers is so important,
the program can warn the planner ahead of time to change the
orientation or location of the building, or it can assure him
that the building would not jeopardize the airport's current
FAA rating.
The output of this program is a magnetic tape of values of
the CDI. Graphs are generated by a plotting routine (using the
values derived from the ILSLOC program) to show the CDI in micro-
amperes, along a flight path, for the scattering surfaces input.
These generated graphs would serve the same purpose as the FAA
strip charts which are generated for a certifying flight. The
simulation graph differs from the actual recorded measurements
due to limitations of the program which will be explained later
in the text.
The ILSLOC program simulates: transmission from the various
types of localizer antenna systems; the trajectory of an aircraft
flight ever which the CDI is to be determined; and the scattering
from rectangular and cylindrical surfaces. The program permits
various simulated flight paths.

The program is not an exact simulation of the certifying

flight, due to certain simplifying assumptions which were made.
These assumptions include:
a. A flat perfectly conducting ground plane

b. Perfectly conducting reflectors

6
 c. Far field scattering -ali scattering from a surface
is assumed independent of all other surfaces, thus
multiple reflections from walls and near field
interactions are ignored.

d. A noise free environment

e. Relative field strenpths - the absolute field strengths

involved are not calculated. Thus while we can calculate
the CDI's in microamperes we do not ascertain the

absolute electric field intensities.

f. An idealized ILS receiver model.

In addition to these assur3tions the approximations of the

scatterer can lose accuracy when the dimensions approach less
than a few wavelengths. Since the program determines the scat-
tering from a surface independently from all other scatterers, the
shadowing of one structure on another is not included. Thus if
one building is between the antenna system and another building,
it will shield the second one from some or all of the ILS signal.
The amount of energy reaching the second building will depend upon
diffraction effects which are, in general, too complicated to
analyze. It may be noted, however, that diffraction effects
themselves are included as part of the physical optics approxima-
tion used (Ref. 1). By using rule of thumb approximations the
analyst can determine roughly how much power will reach the
second building. If the level is small the building may be
ignored completely. If on the other hand the power level is
large then the structure should probably be included as though
there was no shielding effect. This will give a conservative
CDI estimate (i.e. larger derogation than actual), but this
will serve for most purposes. If the situation is critical,
that is near category limits, then other means of analysis must
be used.

Ref. 1 "Instrument Landing Systems Scattering" Report

No. FAA-RD-72-137 (1972)
 IVI

4, TEST CASE FOR THE ILSLOC COMPUTER PROGRAM

A

To illustrate how the cemputer program is operated a very

simple test case (with only 2 scatterers) has been created and
run. For this simulated airport the program computed the course
width as 4.01 degrees. Both anterna arrays were set at an eleva-
tion of 13 feet above the ground plane. The clearance antenna
arra% was used as the origin for the coordinate system. An A
80'xlOO'x60' hangar and 75'x110' cylinder were placed on opposite
sides of the 9,350 ft. runway. In this case the threshold is
10,000 ft. from the course antenna. (See illustration - Figure 2).
Based on the size and location, of these two buildings, the model
predicted the CDI on the runwa) centerline and for a clearance
run at 10,000 ft. range.
Using this model for input values, the following section V
presents a detailed follow through of the main program steps.
The Mode Card

The first input is the mode card. This card contains informa-
tion on the type of localizer antenna used, the frequency of thi
ILS, the length of the runway, and the height of the antenna.
The card format is:
Col. Symbol U
1-2 Mode = 1 (V-RING)
= 2 (8-LOOP)
= 3 (WAVEGUIDE)
= 4 (VACANT)
= S (MEASURED PATTERN) indicates
= 6 (MEASURED CAPTURE antenna
EFFECT PATTERNS) type
= 7 (THEORETICAL PATTERN)
= 8 (THEORETICAL CAPTURE
EFFECT PATTERNS)
=-1 (V-RING CLEARANCE)
=-2 (8-LOOP CLEARANCE)
=-3 (WAVEGUIDE CLEARANCE)
=-4 (MEASURED CLEARANCE
PATTERNS)
11-20 FRQ Frequency of ILS in Mega Hz

8
V

e-7-

L
4

I4- I
obt'tb
I 4.o

cn

A' '-.
 In order to effectively use the rest of the mode card
columns it is important that the user understand the coordinate
system used.

The x-axis is along the center line of the runway, the

threshold being in the positive direction. The z-axis is vertical,
positive z being in the up direction. The y-axis completes a
right handed coordinate system: so that when one is standing
at the origin facing in the x-direction positive y is to the
left. The origin is used as a reference to define the location
of scatterers, antenna system components, and flight path sample
points. The antennae are located along the x-axis, they need not
be at the origin; as in our test case, it is usually convenient
to place the course antenna at the origin.

Col. Symbol Usage

21-30 XTH Distance from the origin to
the threshold of the runway,
in feet. This number is used
for both flight path orientation
and for course width determination.
The distance is given in feet.
31-40 ZA(l) There is always a non-zero
antenna height, and it is
- input here.
41-50 ZA(2) This will be the clearance
antenna height if a two antenna
system is used.
Modes 1, 2, and 3 provide for standard localizer antenna
array types. These antenna arrays are predetermined, the only
variable being course width, the adjustment of which is controlled
by the course width card.
When any array type other than mode 1, 2, or 3 is used, ad-
ditional antenna array description cards must be included. Mode 5
permits the input of a measured pattern for special cases on
theoretical studies. When this mode is selected additional
pattern cards are required. One pattern card must be used for
each measurement. The angles must be given in ascending order.
A maximum of fifty measurements may be given; if less than fifty
cards are used a termination card with an angle greater than 360
degrees must be inserted.
10
 Format of Pattern Card(s)
Col. Symbol Usage
1-10 ANG Angle of measurement, in degrees

11-20 AFPP Amplitude of sideband only pattern,

in relative units
21-30 AGPF Amplitude of carrier plus sideband
pattern, in relative units
Mode 7 allows the generation of a theoretical array pattern
from assumed element contributions. The antenna is to be a linear
array of elements with identical radiation patterns. Each element
has an arbitrary magnitude and phase for both carrier plus sideband
and sideband only currents. The arrays are assumed to be aligned
parallel to the y-axis. All elements have the same height, as
given in the mode card. All elements have the same x-coordinate as
given on the course width card. The y-coordinate, in wavelengths,
is given foi" each element on the element description card. There
must be one card for each element in the array, to a maximum of
26 elements. The format for the element description card is:

Col. Symbol Usage

1-10 DT Element displacement in the
y-direction given in wavelengths
11-20 CT Carrier plus sideband amplitude,
in relative units

21-30 PC Carrier plus sideband phase, in

degrees
31-40 ST Sideband only relative amplitude
41-50 PS Sideband only phase, in degrees
The phase of the sideband only currnts is ideally in quadrature
to the ::rier pi65 $he sideband currents. Thiz 9u degree shift
is added by the program. Thus a "PS" inputted as zero degrees is
internally converted to 90 degrees out of phase with the sideband
portion of the carrier plus sideband. To indicate termination
when there are less than 26 elements used, an element card is
placed with a carrier plus sideband phase value (PC) of more than
500.
 The next step for this mode must be the input of the horizontal
radiation pattern for the individual element. This pattern will be
used for each of the elements previously described. The input is
the relative signal strength measured every 100 starting at 0 and
proceeding until 1800. This is a total of nineteen amplitudes;
the values are read in, in records of 8F10.4 format, for a total
of 3 recerd3. This gives the pattern for angles from, 00 to 1800
and since the pattern is assumed to be symmetric the value for the
negative angle will be the same s a positive one of equal
magnitude.
There are two methods of inputting capture effect system
descriptions. The most general way is to input each antenna array
separately. When using this method the clearance array must be
input first. This input will follow the same steps as a single
array system except that the mode number will be a negative. The
negative mode card and the pattern or element cards (if any) must
be followed by another mode card. This mode for the course array
must be positive, and followed by the necessary pattern or element
cards.
There are two cases for the second method of inputting antenna
array descriptions. The first case is used if both course and
clearance antenna array are to be given as measured patterns; a
single mode 6 card is used followed by two sets of pattern cards:
the first set is for the course antenna array: and the second
set for the clearance antenna array. The mode 6 is converted in-
ternally to a mode 5 for each array and these values will appear
in the output listing. In the second case, for a capture effect
system which uses two theoretical arrays, a mode 8 is used. This
card is followed by the course antenna element description cards
and the element radiatioi. cards; a second! set of array description
cards is used in the clearance antenna. As in the mode 6 case,
the mode 8 is converted internally to two mode 7's. These mode
7's will appear in the output listing.

12
 In our test case:

Mode Card:

Col. 1-2 6
11-20 110.
E 21-30 100000.
F31-40 13.
41-50 13.
Pattern Cards: see attached Figure 3 for test case listing.
A
The antenna description cards are followed by the course
width card. The format for this card is:
Col. Symbol Usage
1-10 XXA(l) Course array x-coordinate,
in feet
11-20 XXA(2) Clearance array x-coordinate,
in feet
31-40 CW Course width in degrees
41-50 CLS Clearance signal strength
relative to the course signal
If CW is greater than 30 this value is used as the course
width and the signal strengths of the course antenna are auto-
matically adjusted to produce this value.
If CW is less than 3* the course width will be set to the
FAA specification for a threshold to antenna distance, given by
XTH, and the signal levels will be set accordingly.

CLS is the ratio of clearance signal strength to course

signal strength.
The test case course width card -ould read:

1-10 0.
11-20 -200.
31-40 0.0
41-50 .315

i 13
-
 6 110. 100n0. 13.0

45o o.0 12
-42. 92
-40. -. 014 1
-38. o n, n
-32. O~nne
-3n, -. n10
-28.0 .1
27. -.oon002
-26. 0.000 0"1
-23. non?0
V - 20.o 0.or~o

-18o -. 15
-16o n0.0n00
-14. 0.016 001
-13. 0.015 O.035
F-12. 0Olno
-90 -10 0.O14r
-5o -. 535 0.*5?
-4o -. 535 0*66f-
1. -. 165 n0.9q(-

16.6 0.a0ell
18. 0.915
5o. 0.053 -. f'4]

13o -.001 0 .,~

25. -. 01160~

28. 0.011

3. 0.010 .nn

32. -. n08
35o -. 018 00
38o 0.000

42. 0.0120 0.
45. 0.012 n,
1000.

Figure 3. Pattern Card Test r-%e Listing

14
 -49* o175 0*005

-45o-*(4.0080

-33. -. 411 0.400

-27. -. 464 ('.497

-26. -o475 ()*499
-25o -o40nl ('497
-2o -*545 Po486
-21o -. 565 n.485
-2r, -05R5 0.486

-150 -o676 0. 540

-13. ('.680 N.585

29. "'.490 0047

2. (164n .9

1?o .4680 0.430

10 0*676 0.40
49 .175 O.005
21. 0.1,60 0.482
54. n,545~ f098
5. fl4n5oQ
6. n.475 N49

10%11 0..
n,,- rr *24c
49),
4iur
o3Patter CadTetCaeLitng0on5
5r., o~nG 9160

is
 1

The label card follows the course width card. This card is
put on the output tape ahead of the CDI records for this flight.
It serves as an identifying record and is the label placed on the
graph. Columns 1-80 are used. In our test case this card reads:
THIS IS A DEMONSTRATION CASE OF STRAIGHT LINE FLIGHT.
The program calculates the CDI at a point in space: for
convenience, the program will permit calculation for a series
of points. This set of points represents samples of a simulated
flight path.
The program allows two types of flight paths. A straight
line flight and a circular orbit. The flight path card has one
of the following formats: I

Straight Line Flight

Col. Symbol Usage
1-10 XMIN Starting distance from origin,
in feetA
11-20 DIAX Ending distance from origin, in

21-30 DXR Spacing between sample points,

in feet
31-40 PHIR Angle of approach, in degrees
41-50 PSIR Glide angle, in degrees
61-70 ZUP Height of aircraft at threshold,
in feet
XMIN is the x-coordinate of the starting location of the
aircraft and XMAX is the x-coordinate of the ending location.
The sample points are spaced along a straight line so that the
difference in x-coordinates between successive samples is DXR.
The sign of the DXR will be set by the program so that the
flight goes from XMIN to XMAX regardless of flight direction.
If the DXR value would require more than S00 points the program
will adjust the magnitude of DXR to give only 500 points. In
some cases a flight will require more than 500 points. If this
is necessary the flight must be broken up into smaller segments

16
 or
etdi°p ces hta xt
nino h pt rse h
of not more than 500 points each. The procedure for doing this
is explained in the control card section. The flight path is
~~oriented in space so that an extension of the path crosses the
threshold at the altitude of ZUP and intersects the z-axis. PHIR
is the angle between the flight path and the vertical plane through
the runway centerline. It is zero for a flight path along the
centerline of the runway and is positive for an incoming flight
(XMIN greater than XMAX) with decreasing y-displacement. PSIR
is the glide angle between the flight path and the horizontal
plane. It is zero for level flight and positive for a normal
landing approach. The flight path is a straight line as de-
scribed above except when the x-component is less than XTH, that
is if the aircraft is on the antenna side of the threshold. In
that case the aircraft altitude will be set up to ZUP.
Thus the values used in the test case would read:

Col. 1-10 40000.

11-20 20000.
21-30 -40.
.-40 0.
41-50 2.5
51-60 50.
The arc flight is a series of points at a constant height
of ZUP and at a constant horizontal distance from origin of R.
MIND is the starting angle for the arc, that is, the line of
sight from the origin to the point makes a horizontal angle of
MIND degree with the x-axis. The sample points are spaced at
equal angles of DXR until the termination angle of MIND is
reached. As in the straight line flight the sign of DXR will
be adjusted appropriately. Likewise the magnitude of DXR will
be set to yield not more than 500 points. Column 74 must be
set to 1 to indicate a circular arc.

Circular Orbit Case

Col. Symbol Usage
1-10 MIND Starting angle, in degrees
11-20 MAXD Ending angle, in degrees

17

_______JAN
Col. Symbol Usage
21-30 DXR Angular spacing between samples,
in degrees
51-60 R Radius of orbit, in feet
61-70 ZUP Height of orbit, in feet
74 ICF Must be set to 1 to indicate
orbit case
Following the flight path card must be the velocity card
in the following format:
Col. Symbol Usage

1-10 VEL Velocity of aircraft, in feet/sec.

This is used for the Doppler Effect
on the receiver. The sign of the
velocity will be made to agree with
the directional motion from DXR.
Test case assumes velocity of
200 ft./sec.

At this point we have described the antenna system and the

trajectory of the aircraft; the derogating surfaces in proximity
to the ILS must now be described. The program will simulate
scattering from rectangular or cylindrical surfaces. We will now
describe the method of inputting scatterers to simulate derogating
structures.
The next card describes either the scatterer(s) or output and
control. The usage is determined by the value of the ID field
in columns 1 to 2. An ID of -1, 1 or 2 is used for scatterers,
while the other values are used for control.

An ID of I is used for a rectangular scatterer and has the

fo1l-: ng format:
Col. Symbol Usage
1-2 ID Must be 1 for rectangle
3-8 XW(l) X-coordinate of reference point,
in feet
9-14 XW(2) Y-coordinate

18

A./
 . _ - - .. ..

Col. Symbol Usage

IS-20
1 XW(30 Z-coordinate
26-30 ALPHA Angle between base and x-axis, in
degrees
31-5 DELTA Angle of tilt, in degrees
36-45 WW Width of rectangle, in feet
C 46-55 HW Height along rectangle, in feet

I The scatterer is a rectangle with the reference point at the

middle of the base. The rectangle is assumed to be of infinite
conductivity and zero thickness. It also has only one side. This
can be thought of as the front surface of a metal wall. A wall
with zero x-, y-, and z coordinates and an alpha of zero is located
at the origin with surface of the wall facing in the negative y
direction (Figure 4, case I). A positive increase in alpha rotates
the wall about the z-axis in a counterclockwise direction when
viewed from above. Thus an alpha of ninety degrees faces the wall
in the positive x direction (Figure 4, case II). Alpha is the
angle between the vertical projection of the base of the wall in
the xy-plane and the x-axis, measured in degrees. Delta is the
angle between the surface of the wall and the vertical direction,
in degrees. A delta of zero is a wall perpendicular to the ground
and a decrease in delta rotates the wall about the baseline in a
direction so that a delta of minus ninety is a horizontal wall
facing down (Figure 4, case III). WW is the width, in feet, of
the wall measured along its base and HW is the height measured
along the surface at right angles to the base. If the wall is
oriented in such a fashion that the line of sight from the antenna
to the wall passes through the back and not the front of the wall,
=the program will ignore the wall in the simulation.
An ID of -1 is used with the above format to describe a
negative wall. This ID is used, for example, to create a wall
with a rectangular hole in it. The entire surface is used; the
hole is then subtracted by inputting a second card with an ID of
-I and the size, location, and orientation of the hole.

19
 CASE I CASE III
-y
- A =-900
I -- y

x= 0 x- 0
y O y= 0
Z 0 z 0
a G a =90
A 0 A =-90

CASE II
z
--- y

x= 0
y= 0
Z~ 0
ci 90
A 0

Figure 4. Illustration of Orientation Nomenclature

for Rectangular Surface

20
 An ID of 2 is used for a cylindrical scatterer with the
following format:
Col. Symbol Usage
1-2 ID Must be a 2

3-8 XW(l) x-
9-14 XW(2) y- coordinates of the
reference point, in feet

15-20 XW(3) Z-j

36-45 WW Diameter of cylinder, in feet
46-55 HW Height of cylinder, in feet
The reference point is located at the base of the cylinder on
the axis of rotation of the cylinder. The diameter is *W feet, with
the base parallel to the xy plane at an altitude of XW(3) feet. The
cylinder extends upward for HN feet with the axis of rotation in the
vertical direction. The cylinder is assumed to have infinite
conductivity.
After an ID of -1, 1 or 2, the program will calculate the
electric field at the surface of the scatterer. This will be
calculated from the signal from the transmission antenna array
and from the ground reflection of the transmitted signal. Then,
for each receiver point along the flight path, the program will
calculate the electric field at that location from the scattered
signal: from both the scatterer and reflected from the ground.
Thus, the signal is received from four paths: transaission
antenna to scatterer to receiver; antenna to ground to scatterer
to receiver; antenna to scatterer to ground to receiver; and
antenna to ground to scatterer to ground to receiver. This
signal is decomposed into complex components induced in the
receiving antenna at the different carrier and sideband fre-
quencies. The program then :oops back to read in another ID
card, permitting the summation of the effects of many scatterers.
This allows the simulation of complex structures by breaking
them up into cylinders and rectangles.

21
__ , _-
'-' --- _ ----- __
. .---- . . -

In the test case, we have only inputted three scattering

surfaces. This was done because only two sides of the hangar
and the cylinder are illuminated. The values for the scatterer
cards read:
Col. First card Second card Third card
1-2 1 1 2
3-8 6000. 5950. 7500.
9-14 1100. 1130. -1000.
15-20 0. 0. 0.
26-30 10. -80. 0
31-35
36-45 100. 60. 75.
46-55 80. 80. 110.

After all the scattere's have been input, a control card is

inserted to terminate the run. The control card format is:
Col. Symbol Usage
1-2 ID not -1, 1, or 2

When a control card is read in, the program will add the direct,
a:d ground reflected signal from the transmission antenna to the
scattered signal summations, thus giving the total rezeived signal.
The program then calculates the CDI that would be seen at each re-
ceiver point, and outputs the label, a ht-ier record describing
the flight path and the values of the CDI on output tape. If the
ID is equal to zero the program also outputs additional records for
the strengths of sideband and carrier signals from course and
clearance (if any) antenna arrays. The field summations are then
cleared for the next run.
The program, having finished the previous run, now proceeds
with the next input. The next run is generated by looping back
to a point in the input stream, determined by the vaue on the
control card.
22 j
 Once an input sequence has begun the inputs following in the
standard order must be given. The user must also keep in mind that
all values on cards given before that entry point, in the previous
run are still in effect. The standard order is:

MODE CARD
(measured pattern for modes 5 and 6 or current
description for modes 7 and 8)
(second mode card and.patterns of currents if
first mode was negative)
COURSE WIDTH CARD
LABEL CARD
FLIGHT PATH CARD
VELOCITY CARD
V(set of scatterer cards)
CONTROL CARD
The value of the ID on the control card guides the looping
in the following manner:
Value of ID Next card to be read in
0 MODE
3-10 SCATTERER
11-15 LABEL
16-20 MODE
21-50 COURSE WIDTH
F >50 WILL CAUSE THE PROGRAM TO
TERMINATE AFTER OUTPUTTING
THE LAST CDI

The looping permits the repetition of a run with changes in

some or all of the variables. For example, ID values 3 through 10
permit a run with the same antenna system and flight path as the
previous case, but with a new set of scatterer inputs.

ID values 11 - 15 permit a new flight path description and

scatterer set to be input. This looping method can also be used
for flights that would require more than 500 points. For reliable
simulation, the spacing between receiver points (DXR) should be
small enough so that the change in CDI between successive points
is not more than -20% of the peak value. Thus for long flights the
flight path must be broken up into shorter segments. If the number

23
of segments of this path does not exceed 4, the plotting program will
connect them on a single graph. The control for this joining is the
ID number. If the flight path finishes with an ID of 11 - 13, the
graph of the next flight will continue the line of the graph. A
long flight may be broken up into as many as four segments: with
three segments terminating in 11 - 13 and a fourth, and final seg-
ment, terminating in 14 or 15. The flight segments must appear in
the order in which they are to be flown, so that the XMIN of one
section is the XMAX of the previous section. For each segment
the programmer must re-input the same scatterers. If only one
segment is to be plotted the control card should read 14 or 15.
ID's 16 through 20 start inputting at the mode card, thus
llowing a completely new run.

An ID of 21 through 50 uses the same antenna description, but

starts the inputting at the course width card. This permits the
course width, clearance strength and antenna location to be
varied.
The program is terminated after an ID greater than 50 is en-
countered. The direct signal will be added, and the CDI will be
outputted before the program stops. The program will also stop
if an end-of-file is encountered while the program is attempting
to read any input card, or if certain of the variables are of im-
proper value. In these cases the program terminates immediately,
without outputting the last case.
The input of the test case flight path was done in four
segments. The first segment is from 40,000' to 20,000', the
second segment is from 20,000' to 12,500', the third segment is
from 12,500? to 11,000' and the last is from 11,000' to 10,000'.
An additional case for a simulated clearance flight by a circular
orbit has also been included. The input cards for these test
case flights are shown in Figure 5.

24
 THIq IS A DEMONSTRATION CASE OF STRAIGHT LINE FLIGHT
4n~n 2nnn(% -'"'. 2.5 5 1).a
2nn,
16nnn, l*n, I. 100, 800
275nn -lnnn, no Is 0, 75. 110.
THIS IS A DEMONSTRATION CASE OF STRAIGHT LINE FLIGHT
2onnno 12500. -15. 2.5 u,

l . -8r. 60. 80.

1251)no11non,-3. o
7fin
16nnn, 11n0 10. 100. 80.

y 19 5n*. 110. -80, 609 80.

27500. -1000.o . 0. 0. 75o 110.
THIS I A DEMONSTRATION CASE OF STPAIGHT LINE FLIGHT
0lnn, 1on0. -2, 2.5
~2nn, o.
200.mi , o , 0
15l t~1 113n, -8n, 60. S0.
27S nn -lnnn. n. n, 0. 75. i10.

THIS I5 ORRIT CASF WITH SIGNAL STENGTHS

I Ano lno. n.72 100009 5n,
20n.
16no, I100. 10. 100. 80.
1595n, 1130. -80, 60. 80.
27500. -1000, 0. 0. 0. 75. 110.

Figure S. Flight Case Inputs

2SS
 APPENDIX
A

MAIN PROGRAM LISTING

INCLUDING COMMENTS EXPLAINING

THE PROGRAM

26
 @4
MAI4 -EFN SOURCE STATEMENT IrNCS -

C ILS SIfkGLE REFLECTION INTERFERENCE PROGPAM ILSLOC

t C THIS5 PROGRAM SIMULATES THE EFFECTS OF PECTANCULAR
C AND CYLINDRICAL SCATTERERS ON THE LOCALIIER PART
C OF THE ILS. THESE COMMENTS SERVE AS THE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
c FOR THE USER. A USERPS MAN'UAL. HAS BEEN WRITTEN AND
C THIS COMETARY IS WPITTEN ASSUMING THE USER HAS READ IT,
K C

C ILBL IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE SIGNAL STRENOM OUT'PUT% AS

C TO TYPE AND SOURCE. THE FIRST CHARACTER 1S .So FOR
C SIDEBAND flNLY SIGNALS OR DCs FOR CARRIER PLUS SIDEBAND.
C THE SECOND PAIR ARE .CRs FOR COURSE ANTENNA OR #CL# FOR
C CLEARANCE.
C
DIMENSION ILBL(5)
DATA ILBL/4H0 CR,4HS CRv4HC CLi4I4S CL#4H COJI
C
C
C
LOGICAL COF

COMPLEX EP,EEEM.EC.IE(4)91D(),EWRP,'PP,GP.P'FP4GPMs
2 CSC29#2)#SO(25*2)
COMPLEX IJM#EJP#IJPC(2)ofJMC(2)
COMPLEX
DIMENSION XXRY(SOI#4)
DIMENSION VCO(593.2),VPDCSE,*2),VMO(5S'.2)
DIMENSION XW(3),XWI(3)
DIMENSION AN(3)
DIMENSION AFOOC9).P145C9)
DIMENSION XYC12)
= REAL LAM9DA
COMMON/CO ARAD(50)DAFPPC5I)*AGoPPCSI),BRAOSB)B'PP(5U)aBGPP(5S)
COMMON /As/ EJiJlPliJPCoiJmC
COMMON lP#?PC.aMImc#VaD.VPn$VmO
COMMON~ /VAR/ SM.SNCUT.SNCUO.SNCUC(2),VPC(2),VMC(2)
COMMON /SLIR/ MODE.ICP,FRO.LANBICA,PI.RADD.PwI(3)ePS!C3),NELKT4.
I XXAC3),YA#EA(3)#RA(3)
COMMON /ANT/ LOC.FPP.FPMGPPeGPMeEWR(4e4) .CWA(2) .ASCLS.DEC2S,2,.
CS#SO,ETC2092)#N02)
EQUIVALENCE (lPCI)slD(12,)(XXRYCIDI)sfPC±))
DATA RAO/57.2957799/
C
C CR AND CM ARE THE AMOUNTS OF MODULATION ON THE CARRIER
C FOR THE C,%RRIER PLUS SIDEBAND. CR IS THE COURSE MODULATION
C AND CM THF' CLEARANCE.
C
DATA CPPCM/.2#o2/
C
C
C
C THE OUPUT OF THE SIMULATION IS ON tINIT S. A TAPE WITH
C WRITE RING &IOULO BE PLACED THEREON.

27
 24
- EFN SOURCE STATEMINT j Ft -

C .l IS THE COUNT OF THE CASE BEING SIMULAED IT,S VALUE IZ WRITTEN

C ON T4F TAPE WITH THE OUTPUT QECORD. THIS WI1 ALLOW
C SFARCiII OQ A PARTICULAR CASE BY ppjM*Eq.
C

z C
C THIS ;STWE STARTING POINT FOR A SIMULATION. IT IS ALSO

C ENTERED F:7 A RESTART FOLLnWNC AN 11 or 0 00 0 Tl 20o

1 CONTINUE

C
C NEL IS TWF NUmBER OF ANTENNAE IN THE SYSTEM. 3EFAULT
C CC0.0OION IS IVE AMTENMA
C
NEL I
C
C
C EWR IS A MATRIX CO%TAINING THE SIDEBAND ELECTRIC FIELD
C DFSCRIPTI' PRODUCED BY TuE ANTENNA SUPROUTINE. EwR(I,J)
C IS THE FISLO FOR THE *I#TH AqTENNA. AND THE *is VALUES
C WAVE THE rOLLOWING SIAGNIFICANCE:
C J USAGE
C i SIDEPAND PORTION OF CARRIER PLUS SIOEBAND
C FOR THE COURSE SECTION OF THIS ANTENNA
C 2 SIOEBAND ONLY FOR THE COURSE
C 3 SIDEBAND PORTION OF CARRIER PLUS SIDESAND
C FOR THE CLEARANCE SECTION
C 4 SIDEBAND ONLY FOR THE CLEARANCE
C
C THIS SUBPOUTINE CALL IS USED TO CLEAR EWR PEFORE
C STARTING THE SIMULATION
C
CALL CLEAR(EWR,#16)
C
C
C THIS IS A TEST FOR END-OF-FILE ON CARD INPUT. THE CALL TO
C EOF ARMS THE INTERUPT. AT END OF FILE ON UNIT 5 ImTERUPT IS
C TO STATEM7IKT 5$.
C
2 CONTINUE
IF(EOF(9)) GO TO 58
C
C
C THIS IS THE !NPUT COR THE MODE CARr. THE VARIARLES HAVE
C THE FOLLOWING USES:
C
C SYM9OL USE
C MODE ANTENNA TYPE
C uI V-RING COURSE
C 82 @-LOOP COURSE

28
 MA14 EFN SOURCE IFNCSi 4TATEMENT

C X3 WAVEGUIDE COURSE
C v4 NOT USED
C 83 MEASUQED COURSE PATTERN
C 86 MEASURED COURSE AND CLEARANCE PATTEqNS
C 87 THEORETCAL COURSE ADRAY
C 25 TWEORETICAL COURSE AND ILEARAR'CE ARRAY
C g- V-RING CLEARANCE
C G- $-LOOP CLEARANCE
C e.3 WAVEGUIDE CLEARANCE
C 8-5 MEASURED CLEARANCE PATTFRN
C a-7 THEORETICAL CLEARANCE ARRAY
C
C FRO FREOUENCY Of TRANSMISSInN
C xTH DISTANCE TO THRESHOLD
C !A(I) ,I.TH ANTENNA HEIGHT

C ORIGIN IS AT THE CENTER OF COORDINATE SYSTEM.

C X-AXIS 13 ALONG RUNWAY
C I-AXIS 1S STRAIGHT UP
C Y-AXIS COPLETES A RIGHT HANDED SYSTEM
C
READ C5,1R!0) MODE#FRQXT4IA
C
C
C THIS IS A TEST FOR INVALID ANTENNA TYPE. THE PROGRAM ABORTS IN CASE
C OF ERROR. TWtS IS USUALLY CAUSED RY OMISSION OF OTHER CARDS
C WHICH CAUSE SOMETHING OTHER THAN A MODE CARD TO 9E READ AT
C THIS POINT.
C
IF( MOO .GT. 8 ) GO TO 58
IF( MOCE .LT. -7) GO TO 58
Irt MODE .EQ. 0) GO To 96
C
C
C THIS IS TCST FOR NEGATIVE MOOE INnICATING CLEARANCE ANTENNA.
C IF MODE IS POSITIVE FLOW IS TO STATEMENT 4
C
IF( NODE .GT. 0 ) GO TO 4
C
C ICP IS THE.ANTENNA TYPE FOR THE CLEARANCE ANTENNA
C lOP -MODE

C
C IF THERE IS A CLEARANCE ANTENNA THEN THE NUM9Ev Or ANTENNAE
C 1S SET TO 2.
MEL a 2
C
C
C IF THE CLrARENCE ANTENNA IS SPECIFIEO BY A MEASURED PATTERN IT IS
C NOW READ IN SY SUBROUTiNE PATTRN,
C
IF( ICP .EQ. S ) CALL PATTRN(PRADPFPP,6RP)
C i
C

ig4
 !A 1'J EFN SOURCE! CTATFtdENJ1 IFN(S)-
C 1T.4eCcLrA47rICE A.qsENNA IS SPECIPIE0 Ple AORAY PARAMETERS THE INPUT
C Th'TA rOO 'H7E t~AY IS .'JfW REA0 IVJ PY CPRNJTS.
C
WCIe~ EO.7) CALL CRQNTS fCe.S12eo,2cj2)gr()
C
CW Fi*9 I
71. O ACi( TO STATEPMENT 2 TO READ IN
C E -AQ!A) FOC f-tlIQSE ANTEN-A.
C
G" TO ?'

lz ~ C 1TS fS T'4E INPUT SECTION FOR THE r.OUPAE ANTEt,!,A IF PATTERNS OR

C ARPAY .7r~rOIDTlON MU5T BE 31VEN, OTH!RvISE FLOW IS Tn THE
C ImITIALIiATION SECTION*
C
4 IF(C411CE.LT. n GO TO A

C THIS STATrmE J1 CONTROLS THE INPUT "ETWOD. PATTERN OR ARRAY,

C ArCO'4nINdG To MODE TYPE.
C
IF CMflDE *rT. 6) GO To 5
CALL P4TTz*NCARAOAF9P.AGPP)
C
C
C THIS 13 T-7 INPUT TuE- SECOND PATTERN rOP CLEARANCE ANTENNA IF
C vnDE !S 6.
C
IF( 400E .EQ. 5) GO TO 6
2ALL PATTRK(PPAD.BFPP,9GPP)
C
C THFf MUMBER OF ANTENNAE AND TWlE ICP TYPE ARE qET# TWESI1 FLOW IS TO
C INIT[LAIEATION.
NEL a 2

Gn TO 6
C
C
C THIS IS T4t 14PUT FOR COUrSE ARRAY DATA.
C
L:CACRNTS ffOECS.OETtJO))
C
C
C THIS TEST IS rOR CLEARANCE ARRAY IF MOPE
C IS TYPE e
C
IF C MODE .EO. 7) GO TO 6
CALL CPRNTS(OC,)CC,)SC.)T(2,N,)
3ODE 37
ICP87
NELm2
C
C

30
 EFN q'UPCr STATEMEFNT
LAMODA IS T 4E 4AVELENGTH
IF'JCS)- ,i I
C THIS IS T'r Ir.ITIALTATInN SECTION.
C IN! FEET 4"40 Aw IS THE PMAE HIFT/-I9TANf*E i ! aAOIA1/FOOT.
C YA IS THE Y-CnOROINATE OF THE ANTENNAE, TUIS IS A9SUMED TO
C RE lEOO I, ALL CASES.

C
C THIS IS TUF URSE WIDTH IPL'T.
+ C XXAI) IS T'4 X-COCTRIATE OF THE OURSE A"'TE A
fC XXA(2) I THE X-C OROI lATE OF THE LPA A ,CE A ,TE aJ
i C cw IS THE COU 5E WIDTH
' C CLS IS THE RA IO (F CLEARANCE TO CnURSE IGNAL STRenGTN.
READ c',jQ ) 'XACW,CLS

C CUACI) 1S THE XCORIDAThDUSN TH OF~ E01TENIA

hOR TEN
g C ET s(rS
IT THE 19. IEBN
flEFAJLT CONDITIONAER
T-0O ON CLS ATIO
OF 1. TUAAE CLAAATENNA ;
C 13TECS WY
CWA) . U
WIDTHORE RAJTE
C
c
CLS VIN THERTOr LNCTOCOURSE
ANTENJA CCWACU).

CHEAD
R TFvF90 WXSIRED
OUS IT.LCI w Y O N

C USET TE ATECNDIIO
UBON CLSI)
E OF T1.NU~qATT
C
OrE
IF LS.Rf~eC
P-0N CND PI.- STEtIUT FTEPIT

C
C
C
C OTFSET IS USED TO NTORMAIE RAIO TE CIR LNCE TOENA
C CHIEVE THE ASIAD 'ZTO URSE
WIDTH
L, ITaVR T1 E OFANTST
C USED IN THE V .ANTENNA
ARRS S) TUROTITE
=
C
C
C
C THFET THOEIS
S TO7 ETO RMALEDIE TENNSUBROU-j- E TOCAL
C ACHLOOE THA DSRE WIDTH-E US
LNC T 1S OE YPEAY
ANTENNA
IRUIE
CC USTD
ONT
F 9YTHETHE EANEAE
SUCE PITTAN
SPATEPUCOUI'
SOUTP1TwETHE
ZIUHOFUTIE POINT,
AULARJIN ALILLD

C RETURE WP AN GPP FOR TWE POINT AT HI, STAIN UNIT RANGE.

C ITH
C FPP IS ME GUED7)TOONLYEMN
THF SIJEBAND LEVEL. HC GPP NEN
IS THE SIDEBAND
URETO LEVEL CAL
C FOR THE CarRIeR~
C STATEMENT 9,
C
PLUSCS ISTHESTADARIANTmNAQCU14E
SIDEBAND. AFTER IT
THE OVES TE
QETUPND VRIN
FLOW IS TO
C A-OOPA~n
LNq IAVEU~lE
THEARRY ANENN SlIROUINE
C C ANP PA~r~N
I T4 MESURD
SBROTIP. TH SUROUINEWIL

C REURMFPO
IR TE PINTAT
VO PF PI,0I An UNT RNCE
 A4 Iv - ErF SOURCE STATEMENT - IFNCS) -

IF~~mOLE ,GE. 5) '90 TO 7

CALL :SP
-t TO 9
7 CALL AVTO (FPPG=PARA0,AFPPpAPP)
3n TD 9
S CaLL 1'AQ ( FPP.GPPoHI,!)E#CS*SO.ETNO)

C
C THE STGNAL LEVELS ARE IN FPP AND GPP* TEMP IS THE APPARENT
C COURSE WIDTH WITH CWAsS OF 1.C,
C
9 TEMPs 1.9375/REAL(FPP/GPP)
C
C
C THE COURSr wInTH REAl IN IS USED IF IT IS LARGER THAN 3 DEGREES
C OTHERWISE THE STANDARD VALUE BY FAA SPrCIFICATiONS IS
C OFTERM!NE! ANn THIS VALUE USED. THE COURSE wInTm IS LIMITED
C TO A RANGE Or 3 TO 6 DEGREES.
IF( CW - 3.0 ) 10alfal1

13 CW a 7.*ATAN(350./XTH ) * RAD
IF( CW -L7. 3.5 ) CW s 3.?
i+ IF(CW .GT. 6*0) Pws6-2
C
C
C THE CWA(t) IS ADJUSTED TO PRODUCE THE DESIREO COURSE WIDTH.
CWA(T)
'411 x TEMP/CW

C THE VALUES# READ IN AND CALCULATED# FOR THE ANTENNA SYSTEM($)

C ARE OUjTPUT 04 THE LINE PRINTER (ASSUMED TO Ot UNIT 6)

+ WRITE(5,1193) MODE ICIP FR~oXTHIA#XXAseW

~WRtTE(6,1091) TEMPCWA
WRITE(6,*10S) CLS
C
C THIS IS THE LOOP BACK POINT FOR NEW FLIGHT PATH. IGPS 11 TO 15.
C MEMO IS THE LABEL.FOR HEADER RECORDS AND GRAPHS.
C INPUT DATA FOR FLIGHT PATHI
C WN STARTING POINT
C XNAX ENDING POINT
C DXP SAMPLE POINT SPACING
C PHIR ANGLE OF APROACH
C PSIR GLIDE ANGLE
C R RADIUS OF ORBIT
C EUP ALTITUDE AT THRESHOLD OR OF OQRiT
C ICF FLAG 0 FOR STRAIGHT LINE, I FOR ORBIT
C
14 CONTINUE
READ (g,1615) MEMO
IWRIT(6*$i44) MEZO
READ (goISI6t XM!NXMAX.DXRPHIR.PSIRRIUPICF

32
 74/;
-EF'j SOUQr.- ITiTEP4ENT IFN'~(R)
C
C THlE S1'vN '" IXR IS ADJUSTEI CDR FLIG-4T FROM -MI!N TO XMAX.

C
C
STier VrLO!WC1TY LF THE AIRCRAFT IS IPUT.

QrAO (5#1816 VEL

WRITE (6,3227) VEL
C
C THE SIGN flF TH~E VELOCITY IS SET TO AC-CEE WITI' TWAT Or OXR.
C
VrLwS:q' C L. XR)

C TP.E NUMiQ!D 0' RECEIVER P0JAITS IS D7TFPPIE0. IF TOI IS

C LESS Ti*A' F02 FLOW PROCEEng TC STATE4EP~T 14. OT4ERwISE TWlE
C MAGNITUDE OF nXR IS INCREASVF! TO GIVE CNLY 901 PO!ITS,
NJR sIFIXC (XMAX-XM'),/w' * 1
:: (N -L.1 GO TO
!FCNRT(R
. LT. GO-)TO 46

16CONTINIUE
C
C
C THE FLIGH~T PATH DESCRIPTIOv. IS OUTPUT, lTdS rQAMA? SE!IJG OETERMTI~rO
C BY T4E TYPE OF FLIGHT. IN T4E CASE OF STRAIGHT LI-iC THE
C NECESSARY CON~STANTS COP DOPPLER EFFECTS AND MOSITION ARE
C DETERMINED.
C AFTER OUTPUT FLOW IS TO STATEMENT 19.
C
IF (CF) 14#1R,17
17 WRITE C6*1fl19) Xm!NsX4AX,DXR.XTH.IUP#ICF
GO TO 19
is CONTIN~UE
WQITt*C6*l139) XMJN,XUAX,DXR.P;41RPSIRXTWiUP
PHIRePWIR/RAD
PS! RIPS! '/RA 0
SPSI a SINCPSIR)
TANSRESPST/COSCPSIR)
TA'JR2SNPNIR)/COS(PwIR)
VXsVEL*C0SCPSIR)*CCSCPIQ)
VYEVEL*COSPSIR)*INPII)
V~sVELOSINCPSTR)
19 C04'TINUE

C THESE CONSTANJTS ARE FILTER FACTORS FOR THE ASSUMED MODULATION

C FILTERS.

33
 b

- £FN SOURCr STATEMENT - IFN(S) -

v F107AA
1.IOT = 6v.*PTA
q'"T = 91*.PTA

C
C
C THIS T';E LIOP AACK P014T TC START A NEW SIMULATION WITH
Tt
C ORSVI $ sT-"NA SYSTEM AN rLIGHT PATH. THE COMPLEX FIELD
C ShIKAT10% MAT %ICIES &RE CLEAQED, T4E CASE UPq~rR IS
C INCREMEPTFC 4" ONE ANID THE LIt!EPRINT!R HEADE$ ARE WRITTEN.
C
71 CINTINUE
'ALL ~E~~.53
= Jr a *J j
WD"ITE (6si±1N)
C
C
C THIS IS TwE INPUT FOR A NEW SCATT[CER OR CONTROL CARD, THE
C Fr*RMAT A'JT USAGE OF T4lE VACIAPLES WILL BE rOUNC IN TilE USERvS PANUAL.
C
21. PEAD (5,1 12) IO,XWCi).XWC2)9XWC3),ALP'sA*DELTA.W.HW
C
C
C A NEGATIVE 1: IS USED ON A SCATTERCR TO CAUSE THE FIELDS TO
C 9 SURTRACTE) FROM THE SUP. THUS IDA IS USEO TO DETERMINE
C THE TYPE Or S'ATTERER AND THE SIGN OF in IS USED VOR THE
C SIGN nTERMINATrION OF THE FIELDS,
C
!DAUIAmSC 10)
C
C THE RECEIVER POINT LOCATION VARIABLES ARE INIT!ALIZED. XR IS
C THE X- OOROIVATE OF THE LOCATION. IR IS THE I-COORDINATE
C AND COEG TS THE AZIMUTH. THE USE OF THESE VARIABLES IS CONTROLLED
C BY THE VALUE OF ICF.
C
IF (ICF) 23e23,22
22 CDEGBXIN-"XR

Go TO 24
23 XPsXmINft*XR
24 CONTINUE
C
C IF IDA IS NOT I OR 2 THEN THIS CARD IS A CONTROL CARD AND
0 FLOW PASSES TO STATEMENT 43 TO OUTPUT THE CO AND FOR
C LOOPING CONTROL.

IF(IDA .9T. 2) GO O 43
It(IDA .Ea. 9) G0 TO 43
C
C XV IS AN ARRAY Or DATA ON THE ANTEyNA ANO FLIGHT PATH AND IS
C OUTPUT AS PART Or THE HEADER RECORD ON THE OUTPUT TAPE.
C

34
 -A-1 EFN SOURCE STATEMENT ItJCS)-

XYC2) s OSIR
XY(3) x 3'jP
VY(4) 2 LOAT(:JC)
xvcS) s VEI.
TY6 2 r*-AT(aqODE)
vv(?) 2 -L'AAT(ICP)

CTHIS SETn SESCq4KVVALSPO H:CLNE AE

C AXA IS A cONSTANT USED IR' THE SCAT tQERI'0 ANJD DELTA IS SET TO
C ZERO FOR f Vz-TICAL CYLINGER,
C
IFCIt'A Nr.~ 2) 20 TO 25

AXAnMdJ*A'(/2.
25 CO'JTI'AL'E
C
C
CT- I4iT A4ZLFS AtE CO4VEPTt- TO PAftIANS A%.O
C THEIR SI%7q Ahn Cl SIVSS AR-- CALCULATED.
C
Al PHA*ALwi'/fAr
0ELTA~flELIA/RA0
5IuO3S!4fELTA)
SPS!!RCN4)EA)

C ECAUSE kCT CERTAIN APPROXIM4ATIONS "ADE IN THE ANALYSIS

C THERE IS % LIMIT ON THE SIZE OF Twr SCATTER[PS T WAT MAY

C Or SIMULATED. TO AVOID T'41S PROBLEM AS MUCH 49
C POSIBLE& F~OR THE RECTANGULAR SURrACE.
C THE PROCRAR WILL BREAK UP TOO LAWG A WALL IFPTO
C SPALLrR PIECES. TO AVOID ORflRLEMS WITW OTHER TYPES
OF SCATTERMR THE VARIABLES INVOLV9D ARE SET TO DEFAULTI
CC VALUES AND TWE BREAKING UP SECTION IS SKIPPrO.

= Ival
owe#.

-DY~sU.A
IF .AA. 1)GO TC 26
C
C
C TEMP IS THE 4AIxIUM DISTANCE FROM THE REFERENCE PCINT ON THE
C WALL THAT 4ILL GIVE A RE4SINABLE ERROR IN TWE APPROXIMATION.
TEMPe40OR?LAOASCRTCXXA()Wt1)..02.yA-mXWC2).o02))/5

3S
 EFIN
E SOURCF STATEMENT -IFN(SQ)-

C I~q T,4E JU41'ER r'.r DIECES HI12,IT'ALLY INTO WjlCw T4E WALL MUST E

C
C

4PTTEc('.1?'j3, TD.gw(1;,XW(2).X.%c3),ALPp.A#o!LTAWWVw.I, IoV

C :'Afl Hw ARF RET 1 -- ,W VALUJES, TI-ESE ARE THE SIZES OF TH
C y A-4r, Oy ARE THE CHANGF IN X- Amn4 Y-COORDINATES BETWEEN
lVES
C PIECES I' THE wOIPIONTAL RQ'PS. D? IS THE CHANGE IN ELEVATION
C RETWEEk' IIVS vrRTICALLY- OY AND DYE ARE THE cHAf~GE IN X AND Y
C mrTWEE', ;.'IS. TWIS CHANJGE fl*CURS 'NLY IN TILTED WALLS (SIND
C ,MT £EJAL. TC rRnI).
C

-X3A8S (C:jSA*WW)
XW(l)S)yW(l)-A8S(COSA*TrMP)
nYtSIGN(SINA.WW,X(Wt2))
YWC2)ZXW(;)*SIGN( C-SINA*TEMP) , W(2))
HWW/F-AT( IV)

OX? uS!N~D *4HW*SI NA

DYE 9S I lNO*iW*COSA
GI TnI 27
C
C
C XW IS THE COORDINATE VECTOR USED FOR THE LOCATION OF THE
C REFERENCE POINT OF EACH PIECE OF THE WALL, Xw IS USED
C AS ORIGIN OF THE WALL, AS EACH PIECE IS USED FOR THE
C SCATTERING XW IS INCREMENTEO, XWo IS USED To RESET Xw
C FOP LOOPING ON ROWS,
C
26 WIT(6.1013) .ID.XW(1)eXW(2),XW(3),ALPWAOELYA,4JWHW
27 XWlCi)xXWft)-DX.OX?

XW0C3)xXWC3)-Ol

C
00 42 lesi.IV
XH04(2). X4 (2). DY
X40C3) EX WI(3) .01
XW(2)2XW3(2)
XW(3) sXW) (3)
C

36
-F,€-
--

"% EFN SOURCF STATEMENT - F(S

C THIS LOOP IS WITHIN EACH RO AND IS FOP WORIPONTALLY SePARATEO

00 41 IAgi,IH

C XW IS THE COORnINATE VECTOR OF THE REFR

ENCr 00'1#'T ON THF
C PECE -EING S!MULATTr.

Xw(2)=XW(2),OY
C
CC SLISROUTItrJ FL, I USED TO CALCULATF
C ANTNNtE SYSTE- AT THE REFERENCE THF fIELMS GENERATEn BY THE
POINT. AFTrR THE CLL
C THE rIELDR AT THE REFERENCE POINT
FOR ALL ANTENNAE ARE IN
C Ewp.
C
CALL FLC(XW(1),XW(2),xq(3))
C THIS LOOP IS n' THE ANTENNAE.
FOR EACW PIECE THE PROGRAM
C CALCULATES TWF SCATTerED rIEL
FROM ALL ANTENNAE.
C TEL IS THF NMFER OF THE ANTENNA
BFING SIMULATED.
C
C
DO 40 IELuI,NEL
C XA#YAHA ARE THE X-#Y- AND
I- COOROINATES OF THE
C ANf[NkA.
C
XA XXA(TEL)
C ._A*IA(IEL)

11fI IH cTION INITIALIEES THE RECEIVER

POINT
0 LOCATION VARIABLES. IR IS TUE NUMRER OF THE RECEIVER
POINT.
IRao
IOCICr.£E.m) GO TO 29
COEG a XM!N - DXR
0 TO 30
29 XR a XMIN - OXR
36 CONTINUE
IF(M0)E.GT.6) Of 0 ZACIEL)
C
C
C DW IS THE HORIZONTAL DISTACE
FROM THE ANTEN4A TO THE
C REFERENCE POINT,
C
OW • SORT((XW(1).XA)e*2 * (XW(C).yA)..2)
C
C
C AN IS A VECTOR WHOSE COORDINATES
C FROM THE REFERPNCE POINT ON THE ARE THE DIRfCtION COSINES
SURFACE OF THE SCATTERER TO

37
: C T ~Ar' ": ,,.
C lrE 11"Ee : "
- EFN
T.F RErRE.C
SOIJRCF STATEMENkT - IJF(S)
vCSTE4 tjcErn IS ALItGE' ITM
EC'A',GLE AJC THE THIRD AVIS IS
C TWE 1 AL. It,eTTA 'ASE '4" THe fYLI'JDF R T E
C -SS'J'En TO LIE I' A HOP1 2 0,TAL PLAVE ANI
I
',P;MAL
q

C T^ POT.'IT AT Tqr A\TE A.

C IF(T .N:. 1) GO TO 3'

~A(2)s=( YA.-YW(2))/GWa
II

.G TI 33
32 C.)t, T Z ,!E
*A,,C(2 ):-C05A
A?'(3) ::"
13 CTIIUE
C
C
C THE HrI NT,:. ANGLE 9WTE..N TWE NMRMAL TO THE SUFFACE AND
C THE LINE -r SIGHT TO T4E AN'TEN'NA IS GAPMA. SING A;D COSG
C ARE TwE TiE
- 01;O COSINE OF GAMMA.

ST:G a (-AN(2)*(YW(j)-XA) + /%(l)*(XW(Z,.-yW/Dw

C
C
C IF THF COqG Iq NEGATIVE TH3N TE LINE OF SIGT IS
C TmRU THE qAC,( IF THE SCATTERER AND TRE ILLUMINATICvJ ,n
C THE FRONT SURraCE IS ASSUMED 'TO BE OP PERO INJTENSITY
C AND THE FILLI FROM T41S SCATTERING 19 IG41ORED.

34 WRIIE (6#,14.7) IAI9,IEL

GO TO 40
35 C0A.TI ".'E
C
C
C THIS IS TWE LOOP RACK POINT FOR THE RECEIVrR POINTS.
C FOR EACH PIECE OF SCATTERER AND FOD EACH ANTENmA
C THE PROGRAM CALCULATES ALL THE FIELDS AT ALL TWC
C RECEIVER POINTS BEFORE GOING ON TO THE NEXT PIECE
C OR ANTENNA. XHYR, AND IR ARE THE COORDINATES
C OV THE RECEIVFR LOCATION. VXVY AND V1 ARE THE
C VELOCITIES IN THOSE DIRECTIOIt, THE LOCATION
C IS DETERMItO BY SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT METHODS DEPENDING
C ON THE FLIC-HT TYPE. THE VALUE OF lCr IS THE CONTROL.
, IR IS THE PECFIVER POINT NUMIEP ANn IS USED TO
C OFTERMINE ':WE THE FIELDS FloM Twr SCATTERI!G
C ARE To BE qUOMED.
C
36 CONTINUE
IF(ICF ,LE. 0) GO TO 37
CnEGuCDEG.DXR
IJr (rDOEG-YMAX)*DXR .GE. g,) GO TO 40
XRs ,C0'S (CflEG/RAD)
YRUR*SIN CCDEG/RAD)

38
 .-
AIlk! -ErIf. SOUPCF 3TtTrMENT !F%
vy a* - ?*Y4/74
VY' VrL*XR/R

37 COrNT I.

IF( Cv -yt'i)CXQ *GE. V)GO TO 4P'

TF(XR .LT. NTH) GOl T-)~

aPx 9 (XP-XT4)*TA~qR
r..GO TnS9
39 CO"4TI;"'E
[ Ir(IR -GT. 490) GO TO 40
IRqgz-i
C
C Rw IS TkE !I-,TAN'CE rPP T,.' QFCEIvrR PrJ!.*T t T*4C
C~ SCATTERER kErEPEflCE 20INT.
C
C WSPCXX~)*2(QX()*ptox()*2
C

C RI TH HOIZTA FROMTIWANTFROM TOE TECE PT H

* C RECEIVEPC POIT.
C
= C

C TN LINE ^F1J ARE T THE PEATIVERFPOINT. SIFTSAND T3 OPLE

C AE E SI~NE A OINPDAF VEIT.

OR A'RT(CY-XA)c 4 V(YR-YA) * V.CR2)

c3

CJ
 - £rh souc
OPC ATINENT - !r(S) -

C
t C
C THES7 'CDISTAvTS ARE H.E CAIl FACTOqS FOP THE V*RII-jS CROSSTALK
C CASES.
r~ ~ 9Tz( 0 oIJ'0.PHID)J*-'A/2.
ShlrUCC1I) xxSt;j JluT+.97 I)**?
SNCUC(2) --SINC(UT+Wl341)#*2
St!CuT aS!NC(LjT)
SN~cur) v SFINC(uT+W8OT)
C
C
C THIS SECTION CALCULATES THE GAIN FOR THE ACTUAL
C StATTERING.
C
AxAK*(S'IN#'(COSGCOS)ICOSO(W(3)HA)/w.(XW3)-..~)/RR))
3=A#?.*A(*NA*COSO/DW
FACxCX-P(CMPLX(0. ,RWOAK) ).((CEXP(CMPLX(I. .A*WW) )Cj. D0. ))/A-
,CEXP(ZMPLXC0.s2..AKI4A.XW(3)/DWq))*(CXP(CPLX('.,B.HW))-(..f.))
FACsF AC/RW

A.AKOcSIN.(COSGCOSB)COD*((W(3)HA)/DW+tXW(3).?R)/RR))
RWPxSlT(4PRORR(-?R-XW(3) )f*2)
i-AC3FAC-(CEXP(CMPLX(0. ,RWP*AK) )*( (CEXP(CMPLX(Pk. A@HW) ).CI. D@) )/A-
.CFXP(CAMPLX(0.,2..AK0'4A.XW(3)/D.-) ).(CE)PCCMPLX(i.,o*HW)).C1..g.))
FACv-rAC*AI(*WW.COSD/PI/2,
C
C
C ALL STATEr4!NTS FOR CALCULATING THE SCATTERING FROm RECTANGLES AND
C CYLINDERS ARE THE SANE WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE FILLOWING STEP.
C IDA IF ONE FOR THE RECTANGLE AND Two FOR THE CYLINOER*
C
IF(IOA .EQ. 1) FACSFAC*COSI*SIJC(AVtOWW.(SIIJG.SINB)/2.)
IF(IOA .EG. 2) FACsFAC.BESr(AK&.COSqSINR)/2.
C
C
C IF ID IS NEGATIVE TH GAIN IS TAKEN IN THE OPPOSITE
C SENSE.
C
IF( ID .LT. 8) FACswFAC
C
C
C THE GAIN IS MULLTIPLIFD By THE SIGNALS AT THE REFERENCE
C POINT To CIVE THE SIGNALS AT THE OrCEIVER, THESE SIGNALS ARE COH'LEX
C MAGNITUDES. EP IS THE SIDEAND PORTtOP' OF THE CARRIER
C PLUS SIDEBAND FOR THE COURSE ANTENNA AND Et Twt SIDEBAND
CONLY. EM 1S THE SIDEBAND PORTION OF THE CAPRIfR PLUS SIDEBAND
C FOR THE CLEARANCE AND EC THE SIDEBAND ONLY.
C
EP a FAC*EWRCIEL#I)
EE a FACOEWR(CL-2)
EN a rAC*EWR(IEL,3)

40
 MAIN - EFN SOURCr STATEMENT - IFN(S) -

ME E FAC*FWR(F -4
C
C THESE ARE THE COMPLEX PHASORS FOR THE SIGNALS AT THE RECEIVER
C POINT FOR TWE DIFFERENT ANTENNAE AN- FREOtJE'JCIES.
V-- C THEY HAVE THE FOLLOWING SINIFIGANCEI
C SY'i OL USAGE
C l CARRIER FROM THE COURSE ANTEN:A
C lJPC(1) 90 Hl SIDEBAND FOR COURSE
C IJPC(2) 158 Hf SIDEBAND FOR COURSE
C aim CARRIER FROM CLCARANCE .
C IJMC(t) 9F HE FROM CLEARANCE
C IJMC(2) 10 41 FROM CLEARANCE
C
ZJP a £P/CMPLX(CP*e.0)
ZJPC(l) 8 EP - EE
IJPC(2) a EP * E
ZJM • EM/CMPLX(CM.s.0)
P.jMC(t) a EM - El*
2iMCC2) n CM + EC
cC
C SUBROUTINE VARCAL ADDS THE FIELDS TM TWE FIELDS
C ACCUMULATEO rCR THE ,IR9TH RECEIVER POINT,
C

IL C
CALL VARCAL CIR)
C
C THE PROGRsM LOOPS BACK TO THE NEXT RECEIVEP POINT.
c
GO TO 36
40 CONTINUE
41 CONTINUE
42 CONTINUE
C

C THIS IS THE TRANSFER BACK TO PICK UP THE

C NEXT SCATTERER OR CONTROL CARD.
c
GO TO 21
C
C
C AT THIS POINT THE PROGRAM HAS ACCUMULATED THE SCATTERED FIELDS
C AND HAS REAO IN A CONTROL CARD TERMINATING THE RUN.
C THE PROGRAM WILL ADD IN THE OIECT UNSCATTERED FIELD. BOTH
C DIRECTLY FROr THE ANTENNA ANn REFLECTED fROM THE GROUND,
C THEN.THE APPROPRIATE RECORDS WILL ME OUTPUT.
C
43 CONTINUE

SNCUT s 1.0
*
SNOUD a
SNCUCCI) a
SNCUC(2) a 9.
C

41
re EFN SCURCr qTATEMSNT -IF\;(S)-

C FPOTh TW4TS 'TITF9NT T~UrGW JtJqT P-710F qTATE4rNT 51 IS

C TWE 00iP 1, ;FrIVER PO'INT. THE LSO 2It.-G IS ln -E Tt-E SAME
C AS TH~ E~I FOLLOWING STATEMENT 353.
44 Ir(ICc I~T. M') Gfl TO 46
XR a ~*'
IF( (v---Y* 4 .A).')XP nc. ~.~GO Tj) Fj
i Q a (AR-YTH)*TANSP 'JUO
V? Ta V~ESPSI

Ia ?V
GO TO .?7
46 COEG +JDXR
IF((nFG-XAY)DX.GE. 7. )Gn TO 55.

47IRz~q-1
CALL LA(E4

C HSCALL TO LCCAUSES TWI CALCULtTiopM CF TLWE FIELD LEVELS

CTHIS IS TL4E Lnf!P FOR THE OIFrEPENT AsJTTNNAE. IEL IS TmE

CANTENNA N'.WBE4. NEL IS TOTAL NUMOCR Or ANTEpi~vE 9EING
CUSED.

CAT THE RECEIVrR POINT. T. AIU INL

HA a WAIEL)
XA a YWA(TFL)
ROUSORTCRAC IEL)**2-(ZP-HA..*2)
CEsCM!PLXC(O/RAC IEL),0.)
RD82. .AK#WA.lR/Rn
00 52 J m1#4
EWR(IFLJlEWR(IEL#J)*CE
50 ZE(j)miE(.,)+EWRCIELoJ)
EJP a EWfIELj)/CMPLX(CcP,.0)
9JPC(I) 2 EWR(IEL#1) *EWRCIEL&2)
a
lJPC? EWCIELi)/CML Wc4.3IE#)
ZJMC(j) t EWq(IEL#3) EWPCIEL.4)
EJMCC2) a EWR(IEL#3) *EWRCIEL,4)
C

42
 p4/; I

MAIN - EFN SOURCK STATEMENT IFN(S)

C -HIS CALL TO VARCAL ADDS TAE FIELDS TO THE ONES ACCUmULATED
C FROM THE SCATTERERS.

I C
CALL VAR:AL (IR)
49 CONTINUE

C
C DETEC TAKES THE COMPLEX FIELD PHASORS ANO EVALUATES
C THE COURSE DEVIATION INDICATION (CDI). IR IS THE PEOEIVER POI:T
C NUMBER AND IS USED IN THE SURROUTIVE TO SELEPT WHICH FIELDS
C ARE TO BE USED. OF(IR) IS THE LOCATION IN THE ARRAY WMERE
C THE CoI IS TO eE PLACED.
C
CALL DETEC (IRDF(IR))
IFCJR GT, 499) GO TO 51
GO TO 44
51 CONTINUE
XY(13)sFLOAT(IR)
WRITECv.1(I18) ID,NC.IRICF
C
C
C THIS SECTION CUTPUTS THE COI ON UNIT B. THE OUTPUT IS A LABEL
C RECORD (MMO), TWO RECORDS OF FLIGHT AtD ANTENNA DESCRIPTION,
C AND THE Col R rORDS.
C
IF(ID .EO. 1) MEMO(13),ILBL(S)
WRITE t8,IAIS) MEMO
WPITE(8,114) XY,IDNCICF
WRITECOA616) CDF(I),Iul,IR)

C IF THE ID IS NOT B THE FLOW IS TO STATEMENT R? TO PROCESS

C THE ID VALUE FROM THE CONTROL CARD. OTHERWISE THE SIGNAL
C STRENGTHS ARE OUTPUT.
C
IF( IO .NE. I ) GO TO 97
C
C
C IX IS THE P'UM8ER OF SIGNAL TYPES THAT ARE TO BE OUTPUT. TWO
C FOR SIMPLE A:JTENNA SYSTEMS* FOUR FMR CAPTURE EFFECT,
C
IX84
IFtNEL .EO. 1) IX,2
C
C THESE LOOPS CALCULATE THE SIGNAL STRENgThS. THE VALUES ARE
C PLACED IN XXOV(IJ). WHERE I IS TWE RECEIVER POINT NUMBER AND
C J HAS THE FOLLOWING USAGE,
C USAGE
C CARRIER LEVEL FOR COURSE ANTENNA
C a SIOEBAND LEVEL FOR COURSE ANRENNA
C 3 CARRIER LEVEL FOR CLEARANCE
C 4 SIOEBANO LEVEL FOR CLEARANCE
C XXRY OCCUPIES THE SAME LOCATION IN CORE AS IP AND IM.
€
D 92 Isl.IR
52 XXRY(I,1)tCA8S(IP(I))g.2

43
 MAI ° -rpm SOURCE STATEMENT -IFN(S)-

53 XwqYCT,2lsrARS(EPC(I,1)-?pc(102))/P.
: 01 54 lslZR
54 XVQY(I,3)zCAqS(M(I))e*,2
0 55 IslIR
SXY~YC1,4)uCASStIMC(1,t)-IpqC(1.2))/2.

C THIS LOOP OUT*UTS THE APPROPRIATE NUMPER Or SIGNALS ON UNIT S.

C THE LABEL RECORD FOR EACH CASE IS ALTERED SLIGHTLY AS EXPLAINEn
C IN THE DATA STATEMENT FOR ILOL.
C
00 96 J a IfiX
mEO(13)2ILBL(J)
WRITE(S.oIMS) MEMO
MRITE(8,1014) XY&ID#NCICF
56 WRITE(8*1916) (XXRYCI,J),oulIR)
C
C
C THIS SECTION CONTROLS T4E FLOW OF THE PROGRAM AFTER THE OUPUT
C FOR TIE CASE TS FINISHED. THE CONTROL IS BY THE VALUE OF THE
C ID READOF IN
10 ONIS THE
C VALUE IN LAST
IDA, CONTROL CARD.
DEPENDING THISVALUE
ON TwE ABSOLUTE
OF IDA THE
C
C PROGRAM
NEXTCASE LOOPS
TO f PACK READS
RUf4. ANDTHE VALUEINWILL
THE CAUSE
"EXT DATA
THE CARD FOR THE
TRANSFR IN
C THE FOLLOWINCs
C IDA NEXT TYPE OF CARD RIAO

C 3-il SCATTERER
C 11-19 LABEL
C J6-28 MODE

C
57 CONTI*JUE
€ IE(INO l-D& CLORSEO TODT6
IF(IDALE. .LE. F)
10) GO
GO TO
TO I20
IF(IDA .LE. 15) GO TO 14
IF(IDA .LE. 21) GO TO I
IF(IDA *LE. 9f) GO TO 6
58 CONTINUE
END FILE
PEW!INr I
STOP
1030 FORMAT (WF1.3)
1031 FORMAT(I2,2X,6XTFlIO3)
1032 FORMAT(59V4HCLSuF9.4)
1033 FORMAT(gWOMODE * 214118H FRO m?.
1 OH XT : F9.2/ INA A 31P9.21
2 8 XA a 3F9.2/14H COURSE WIDTH r?.2,sW DEGREES
1034 FORMAT (3X,13A6,A2)
1095 FORMAT (13A6,A2)
1036 rORMA1 (7CT1.I,2X,312)
1337 FORMAT(WSO VELB*Ell.4)
1438 FORMAT(26h OVER 530 RECEIVER POINTS I
1039 FORMAT(6NPXMIN.lE1.471H XMAX.,ElIl4,?H OXRB*Ifl.4,?H PHIROEll
X.4#71 PSIRaEll.4,#I XTHs.EII.4,SH IUPu.111.4)

44
 PA I bi -----
I- F U-C-. eZT&TIMENT IF-

1810 FOPMATld.'? STqUCTIRE D~ATA)

±1.1i FORPOAT(964 10 Xw vp 1w
it 1~
X*6woEL7A 5,!X23H W~W *'JI4i4
f XsSX.13H V! SECTIONS)
1012 FORMAT (12s3r .9.5X#2F5.P#3F15.0,

1017 FORMA (27- SURFACE IS NC' ILLU~j'.:ATV

XSHN .2#12#5H Vx#12.64 IELs.12)

4S
 -up EFVJ SOURCE STATrI4EN? IT'a(S -'

C TwIS
C SUORrJ.,TIA!E IS USED To 3ERO
OUIT THfr CONVTENTSg OF
C VARIOUS M ATIRA!?ES.
C
S!QP~dtTI&, CLEAR (X,N)
~~.!-PLSY XCi)

II~l

46
I
SUB; - EF*t COURCE tT#TEMNT - C -

C
C
C THIS SUPROUTIME IS USED TO INDUT DATA rOR CALCLLATIPG THFORECTICAL
C PATTER-S rOR ARRAY TYPE ANTEvw'E.
C
SI'PR'3uTP4: CRRt"TS( 0, 1, S, ET. VF~
LOGICAL E-F
OImEtJSIO* ET(19),DC1)
COMPLEX CC1).S11)
COMMON /SUO/ MDnEICPFR. LAMOSAPI.tAoPUI(3).PSI(3),NEL,XT"
IFCEOFCS)) GM TO 3

C
C
C THIS IS THE INPUT FOR THE ELEmENT LOCATION AND CURRENT DESCRIPTION
C DT IS THE ELEMENT DISPLACEMENT IN THE Y-DIRECTIONs F SUREO
C IN WAVELENGTHS.
C CT IS THE CAP2IER PLUS SIOEBAC O AMPLITUr, IN PELATIVE UNITS
C PC IS THE CARRIER PLUS SIDEBAND PHASE, IN CEGMEES
C ST IS THE SI3EgAND ONLY AMOLITUOE, 1I- DELATIVE UNITS
C PS IS THE SJIEPAND ONLY PHASE, IN tGRFES
C
I READ (5,1 0I) OT. CT# PC, ST. S
C
C THIS TEST IS TO SEE IF THE ENO OF THlE rLEMENT rAROS 4AS REEN
C RACwED. Ir TOE CARRIER PwtSE IS REATER THAN 50A rLO4
C IS TO THE ELEMFNT PATTERN SECTION.
C
IF( PC .30T. 50* GO TI1 2
C
C THIS IS THE 92 DEGREE PHASE SHIFT FOR THE -UAPATURE OF
C THE STDEPAND ONLY TO THE SIDEBAND IN TV'E CAROIFR PLUQ $IQrRAt!D.
C
PS a PS*98,3
WRITE (6#110) DT#CT,PC.ST.PS
D(I) z DT*2.ePI
C(I)wCTeEXP(CMPLXQ..PCeRAOO))
W(I) ST*CENP(CMPLX(P.,PS*RAC%))

C
C
C THIS STATemENT LOOPS BACK rOR THE IENT ELEfEr' I' T' TOTAL
C NUMPER OF ELE"ENTS DOES NOT EXCEED THE AVAILABLE SPACE.
tIF I ,LT. 26) 0 TO 1
C
C
C THIS SECTtrN QrFAS IN THE PATTERN FOR THE ELME'TS. NE IS TwE
C NUMBER OF FLEMFUTS. ALL ELEMENTS ARF ASSUPEM TO HAVE THE SAME
C PATTERNS.
C
2 NE I
I - I
C
C
C ET WILL Cn"ITaT i THE ELEMENT PATTERN. THE VALUES ARE IN
C RELATIVE AMPLITUDES. ET(l) IS THE VALUE AT ;ERO DEGEES AND

47
rb
L92 ° EFN SOURCE STATEMEP N - ) - I
C SUCCESSIVr VALLVE ARr AT 12 OEGREE SPACING U0 TO ii".
C TIEQE ARE 19 kOJNTS GIVEN. TWE PATTERN IS SY4ETRIC AROUTTPUS
C
C THE ?FPO -EGtFE POINT.
REAb (5*1?,29) ET
3 WRIT£Ec,?~..)

Ek!
stop rLE S

1~ FORMAT (2H ARRAY DATA nTSSPIG )

END

48
 qU*3 -EFN SOURCE STsTFMEpNT iru(S)-

C
C
C THIS SUSRGUTINE INPUTS T'4E A'JTENNA PATTERNS FOR THE M4EASURED
C P&T1ERI A4TEXA CASES.

SUt9qo'fTIvrF PATTR4 &AD.Q AFPP. 4GiP )

LOGICAL E'iV
DIMENSIONd ARAO(5-)* AFPP(52), AG'mPf5?)
DATA RAO /' 57.2957795

liU(r5V) GO TO 4
I READ(5l1?PS) AlEC. AFOPC!Y), AGOP(IY)
AFPP( IY)xAF'PPCIX).'ll96?C.
AGPP(IX)GAGPPCIX)OIN361I.
ARAD(tX)SANC /PAD

i -3E 51
IF(
IF( IX L~E. 21) GO TO 2
GO TO2

2WRITE (Gsifft N.APP!.APPI

4 RITE (6#1?824

GOTO

1P6 FORMAC5$FjP.@
161 FORMATC26WANTEN!A, PATTERN MEASUREMENT)
1632 7(ORMAI(34H ANGLE READ SIDEBAND CARRIER)
1393 rORKAT (3E12.4)
1954 FORMAT (3314 MEASURED ANTENNA PATTERN MISSING)
END

49
 iUS4 -EFkN SOURCS STATEMENT IFVN(S)

C
C
C THIIS StiPR1LTINE SIMULATES TWE REHAvIOR Or THE ILS ;ECEIVZR
C SYTM *3R THE IRe fl PECEIVER POINT IT CALCULATES THE COI
C THAT w'JUL?. BE 09SERVED WITW THE FIFLD LEVELS IN RP.?IM
C ZP! AND F!X.
qvsRflUTINF DETEC (IR#COI)
linURLE PRECISION G(R0Q
REAL N
CIMPLFX ZP(50),ZPC(9~00,2)*
2 W9(00)PIMC(90002)
DT.MENSIOVi VCD(500,2),VPO(500.2).VMD(SOO,2)
OT'IENSION VMP)GMOC26)
COMt4o', 104PC,M,aMCVCDVPDVmO
CO' MON /VAR/ SM.SNCUT.SNCU0,SNCU(2),VPC2)VMC(l)
DATA jG /q/
DATA GONP/ .0001-200140
1-. 672012997656250-.02,4626274i06686?0-02. "I337529162434080-02*
1-.25?i0230693221D-0~2...202349037863310m62,..16339684807463D-02,

1: .827t8893239079D-03-.,719654371145180-13 -,631615937167980-03,
1 .959146169754D-03#-.49828577026289O03#-#44646985629529D0.3,
.4I3M2675i6463iO-03,. 36532323235967O-fl, * 332678129466020.03.
*
1-.30422125733489D-03.-.2792656073i9l4DO3,..25725947746239D-03/
CALL 'ITCCP(!R)#V:?,VPC)
CALL 0TCi(91(IR)sVM#VMC)
81(2 a 4.fl.VP*VM/(VP*VM)e#2

CF( UY QM)G TO2

Ni. Ni+ I

I F NOE#3
TO 0 3
2CCu 1.0K2+

2p
CC 1.0

3 00 4 1 8 1#2
Vin2I a CP*CP*VPD0URoI) + CM*CM*VMDCPI * CCOcC.VCD(IR.1)
VCI CP*VPCCZ) * CM*VMC(Z)
4 V(T) x SORT( VC?*VCl + V02 )
C01 9M*(V(2)-V(1))/iV(2)*V(1))
qg TUR%!
ENO

so
 -V- ty

Rs -BI EF.i SOURCE STATIMENT

04/i~-4

C T14IS SURRCUTINJE SIMULATES Thi- EFFECTS

,F PHASE SIPT iP:TWEEN

SiiJ1R 0.,,Tl%:* DTC ZNVN, VN'C

[
DIMENSIONj 2N(5C0D1),VNC(j)
A
Pw
4
cosp = cnscpm:
SINPXSIN(Ow)

LEND

51
 --- :7:, Z -

s64/
suse - EFN SOURCE STATEMENT * IPN(3) -

C
C
C THIS OUPROUTINE ADDS THE FIELDS IN ZJP, ZJM. ZJPC, AND ZJMC
C TO THE SUMMATIONS IN ?0C. ZMC. VOD. VPO AND VMO. THE ARRAYS
C CONTAIN THE COMPLEX SUMS FOR EACH RECCIVER POINT. THE SYMBOLS
C HAVE THE FOLLOWING USAGE:
C SYM9OL USAGE
C IP CARRIER FROH COURSE ANTENNA
C aM CARRIER FROM CLEARANCE
C zPC R.i) 90 HZ SIDESAND FROM COURSE
C fPc(IR,2) 190 HO SIDEBAND PROM COURSE
C IMC(IRI) 90 HI SIDERAND FROM CLEARANCE
C IMC(IR,2) 150 H SIDEBAND FROM CLEARANCE
C VCD(IRi)
C VCO(IR,2)
C VOcIR1) * THESE ARE INTERNAL VARIABLES USED FOR
C VPD(IR,2) * DOPPLER EFFECTS. 7HEY HAVE NO DIRECT
C VMD(IR,1) * PHYSICAL MEANING.
C VMoCIRD2) 0
C
C SNCUT IS THE GAIN FACTOR FROM THE DIFFERENCE O THE SCATTERED
C SIGNAL FROM THE DIRECT SIGNAL FREQUENCY. THIS FREQUENCY
C SHIFT IS CAUSED BY THE DIFFERENT VELOCITIES Or THE AIRCRAFT
C RELATIVE TO THE ILS ANTENNA AND THE SCATTERERS. SNCUC(C) IS
C THE GAIN OF THE CROSS TALK FROM THE CARRIER THROUGH THE 96 H
C FILTER. SINCUC(2) IS THE CROSS TALK AT 190 H.'
C SNCUO IS THE CROSS TALK FACTOR BETWEEN THE 93 HE AND 156 HE
C SIGNALS FROM THE DOPPLER SHIFT*
C
SUBROUTINE VARCAL (IR)
tOMPLEX a
COMPLEX ZP(906),iPCC(S3@ )#
2 lM(sf8),?MC(9III2)
DIMENSION VCO(510.2).VPOCSIg.t).VMOCSI,2)
COMMON aPiPColMeaMCVCOVPDVMO
COMMON /VAR/ SMSNCUT.SNCUDOSN8UC(2)
COMAEX EJMtEJPZJPC(2)tIJMC(l)
COMMON /48/ EJMIJPOIJPC#IJMC'
CAlltE) * REALCI*CONJGC())
P(IN) a EPCIR) * ijP
IM(IR) • IMCIR) + 9JM
00 1 u1ls 2
lPC(IR.I) a EPC(IR#I) # ZJPC(1)*INCUY
IMC(lR.I) a IMC(IR.I) + IJMC(I)*SNCU?
VCOCIRI) a VCD(IRI) * (CAB2(iJP I * CAS2(ZJM ))*SNCUC(I)

$NCU42 a SNCUD*BNCUD
VPD(Irl#J) a VPD(IRPJ) + CAl2(lJPC(I)) *SNCUO2
I VMN(II.J) a VMDOIR.J) + CAI2(IJMC(I)) *SNCUO2
RETURN
ENO

S2

++ _ + + -+++ -+.A
 041
qU97 -EFN SOURCE STATEMENT IFNI(S)-

.C THSSURUTINE CALCULATES THE ELECTRIC r7ELnS FrOR Ti.E

C SDEBNDSAT LOCATION (Xl#Y... AR~R E IS THE SAME AS
C ARRAY EWP TN THE MAIN PROGRAM,
SU9ROuTINp FLC(Xl.YoZ)
C04PLF.X E,F#FPP.GPP#C(25*2)#S(25#2)
LCOMMOJ/ClI/ ARAO(50)s P(2#GOSM#~DS)BPP5~8P(P
COMMOil /SUR/ LC(2),FRfUWANDA9 PI.RAfl0,Pwi.P(2).PSITTC2),NELXT4,
1 XXAC3)#YA.9jA(3),RA(3)
zOmmoo'. /ANT/ LOC.FPPC2)iGPPC2),EC4,4),CWA(2),AS(2)eD(25,2)eCS,
2 ET(20,2.ND(2)
AK*?.OPI/i4AMOA
JA2.

THIS IS T4E LOOP ON ANTENNA NUMBER.4

C
r ),sEL
'OI
C AL 'LEAO
CFPPp4),
C
C LOC IS TWF '4PE FOR ANTENNA sj,
C
C STHE OISTANCE FROM THE ANTENNA TO THE POINT-
C
X 8 WI. - XXA(J)
R*SQRT (X#*2+Y**2. (i-NACJ)) .2)
RAWJ)*
P14 IATAN2(CYeK).
PSI a ATAN2(1-14A(J)*X)
JA*1*i~f*CJ-1)
IF( LflC .LT. 4) CALL CSP
IF(LOC tCO. 5) CALL ANTP(rPPCj),GPPCJ),ARAO(JA),AFPP(JA),AgPPCJA))
IF(LOC ADO. 7) CALL LNAR(FPP(J).GPPCJ).PWI,0(,J),CCI.J).
*SC 1, )#,ET CI.J)pNO(J) )
CON3 a AI(*R
C
=C F IS THE COMPLEX GAIN FACTOR FOR THE TRANSMISSION LOSS FROM THE
C ANTENNA To THE POINT.
C
F a CF:XPCMPLXI.#C0N3))/R
= 00 1 JC8uI2
jetloJC-I

C GPP IS THE SIGNAL LEVEL FOR THE4 SIOE9AND PORTION OF THE CARRIER
*C PLUS SIOERAND.
GPP(JC)a GPPCJC)*AS(JC)

S3
 ~ -EFN SOURCE~ STATEMENT -IFNCg)-

CP ST' OMLE P'4ASOR FOR THE SIDERAND ONLY,

rP C c )B JC)*CAJC)*AS CJC)
ECJ#JB)oGPP(JC,*F
I.E(J#JR+1)z FPP(JC).F
RETURkI
END

54
 - .- ~- - -- - - -

r THIC r,(IBROT)TNE GIVES FPP AND GPP AT ANGLE PHI 13Y SUMMING THE SlbhtAL
C FROM THE ND ELEMENTS IN THE ARRAY* THE PATTERN FOR THE
C FtEMENTS IS IN FT. THF RELATIVE CARRIER PLUS SIDEBANUS AND
C qTDFBAND ONLY SIGNALS FED TO THE ELEMENTS ARE IN C AND So

SLIRROIITINE LNAR (FPPGPP,PHID9C9S9ETND)

COMPLEX FPPGPPCS
DIMENSION D(l) ,C(1),S(1)9ETcl)
S IPH=S IN (PHI)
TEMP=ABS(PHI)/.1745329
I=TEMP+lo
ATI-I
P=TFMPa
EPP=R*(FT(1+1)-ET( T))+ET(I)
FPP=(O.OOnri)
GPPO(O.OO.O)
DO 1 J1,*ND
GPP =GPP + C(J)*CEXP(CMPLX(0.,-D(J)*SIPH))
1 FPP z FPP + S(J)*CEXP(CMPLX(Oat-D(J)*SIP1))
= GPP = EPP*GPP
FPP = EPP*FPP
RFTtIDN1
FINNr

ss4
 -EFk SORC STATEMENT - -(S

C
C TIS At'TFN'NA SUBROUTINE GIVES FPP ANO CPO FOR ANGLE Pq' B
C INTEROOLATION IN TABLES ANT ANDJ ACP. ANGLE PHI1 IS IN
C RADIANS. THE SURROUTINE WILL INTE4PfJLATf 9ETWEEN VALUES
C PR~ACIETTING TPHI. IF PHIl IS OUTSIDE TOJE RANGE OF TH4E TAVL
C THEN EXTRAPOLATION. FROM4 THE LAST TWO VALUES WILL PE USED.
C
SUBRO,JTIVtE ANTP (FPP#GPP*ANG#ANT#ACPI
DIMENSIOV ANG(50), ANTM)s ACP(56)
COMMON /SUR/ LCC2).FRQ,WAMOAPI.RAOP41,,9(2).DS.T(2),NARXT4.
I XXA(3),YA#NA(3)#RA(3)
On I812#5!
Kul
IF(AIJI(I) .GE. &,J) GO TO 5
I~(N~()-PI)1,3#2
1 CONTINUJE
2 FPPaAI)TC(-1)(ANT(K)-APJTf(-1)).CPNI .A;fGtK.Li))/CANGcK)-ANG(K(-1))
GPPuA"P('(-1).(ACPCK)-AC-POK-1))CP4I -ANG(K4))/(ANdG(K)-ANG(K-i))
GO TO 4
3 FPPxAJ4TC)
GPPsACP(9)
4 RETUP'j
5 Ku'(-l
GO TO 2
END

S6
 4'

~UR1.8 - LEN SOURCF STATEFIENT -!tJS

C TIlS oNTPE'li SUROUTINE WILL EVALUATE FPP AM) GPP FOR NE

z C STANDARD INTENNAE. T4E VALUE OF LCC WILL DETERMINE THE TYPE
C OF ANTEN41i USED. THE SIGNALS WILL RE CALCULAYFD AT ANGLE PHI1.
c
SUmP01"TINC CSP
REAL LAM3A
COMMON' /SUB/ LC(2)DFRO:WAPDADPI,RAOPNI.P(2),PSIaT(2),NAR,XTJ
COMIMON: /ANT/ LOC,FPP,XF,FPMYF.GPP,XCeGPM*YGDEC4.4)

SJPN:SINCP4I)
40 T - CI.4#6)#LOC
C
C THIS IS ToF V-PING ANJTENNA
C
I C182.22.
C(2)20.546
C (3)sm1* 365
C(4)20.275
= Cc5)2e.21'
C(6)81'.175

0C2)2497.4
0(3)s786o8
0(4)21122.
= DC6) 81763.
D(I)3SC82.
00 2 J21p;
2 D(J)*nCj)*RADO*
ETCI)xl.lf
CT(C2)xP. 99

ETC4)*9.92
ETC G) 0.71
= ETC7)xM.62
ETC 5)a(I*48
ETC9)%0.33
ETC 19) 36 ,22
ETC 11) 33.3
ETC 12) 36. 1
ETC1341I1s2
ET(15'x@#23
ET(16)91*36
ET (1? )ml36
ET (IS )afS39
LTCI9)*.40
TE#PASPHI)/o1745329
I*TEMP*1,

57
 LSusie -EF'dI SOURCE STATEMENT Ih('q)- 4

R*TEMP-A
rPPwR*(ET(I+1)..ET(I))+rTCI)
rppap..s
GopuCp*Epp
DO 3 !1.#7
CSPI4CSSD(J)*SIpk,
GPP 9 GOP . 2.*EDP*C~j)oeSpN
I VPP a P *EP*()lP
2PP
SO TO A
C
C THIS IS TAE S-LOOP ANITNNA
C
4 C(1)SI.20

Cc 3)ap.5g
c (4) u * 33

GPPBC (1)35PM
00 5 J82#4
5 FPPouPPPCtjesNpW
G0 T0 a
C
= C
C THIS IS THE WAVEGUIDE ANTEPNA
C
6 Ctl)@S*21e
C(2)82*990
C(3)n2,5&o
C(4)42*hle
C(5)81,411
= C7)g.945
C(9)6-4.16
9(1)a1. 179
9C2)89-513
8(4)86-.994

9(9)80.943
0(l)317
O(3)qgg*

0(3)a55a
 SL irE' SOURCE STATEMENT - J.(S) /

sr 4 *

05)3'.

IK1
GPPxG*!:joep

7 VPPwFDPP.5J)SNPH
aRETURm
 sUalt EFu qOURCr SATEMENT *IFN(S -

C
C THIS FUNCTIO'J EVALUATES THE WEIGHTED SUM OF A SERIES OF
C BESSEL FUNCTIONS. IT IS USED TO CALCULATE TWE SCATTERING
C FROM A CYLINOEF.
C
COMPLEX rUt4CTION BESFVAKAINCR.XS4)
COmPLCX Sim
DATA P1 ,rE/3.14159265.2.71828103/
cauxC9
IF(C *LT. -. 99996) GO TO 6
SqsKSq

V182e/v

PRIJOV-78539816-XI.C.14166397.Xl.C.IeeS3@54-Xle(
rO..79708456-x( .0809077*XIOC .q955274g*Xt*e

BJnFQ*COS(PNI )/SQRT(V)'
GO TO 2
1XISVOV/9.
.60444479-XleC .0139444-"IeC .36321))))))
SERxI.
FNBFN.1S.
EJS((1.-1./Ft4).e(FN-.39))OEE*V/2./FN
Ojel.
3 Fj -riNoJpdVI4OJ
*AMGASS(FJ)*ASOJ)
EJUOJ/AN
OjnFJ/A9
PnufN-1.
IFCPN OfT. FH-.S) 00 TO 3
BeATAN2t$B#CS)
ClnCOS( (VN.2. )4B/2#)
S2*11*CS-Cl*SS
C22CI.Ces.*sB
4 YI'7t4
InFNd.2.
SERvSER#EJ*CC2/YI-Cl/lI)
IF(Vti *LT. 2.) GO TO 9
duact
SisS
T(HpsC2oCS.S2.S9
SSl.2CB-C2*SS
ClwTtMP

60
 Qui EFN SOURCt STATEMFNT - z7'(Si
E:jvOJ

O'UPS J RSCF)

FNxFN-.
SERnStc/44
EJUOJ/AM
OjzFPJ /A9
GO TO 4
5 Ais-EJ*FV*VJ.oj
OJsojoeJ/Aj
SEASSFc*@J/AJ
C19-PIOC92*OJ
SUMBCMIPLKX CR!C)
6 BESFOSUMq
['40

61
 - EFN
-UB SOURCE ITATEENT - -

C
C
C THIS IS THE 3IN~C FUNCTION. IT IS OEFIVED AS TWE
C X DIVIDED PY X. SINC OF IERO IS TAKEN SINE: or
TO RE ONE,
C
FUNCTION SINCX)
XXUABS(X)
IF(XX .LT. .401220703) WX0.BIRI
SINCsc-INCXX)/XX
QETURfi
END

62
 SUBi3 -EFri SOURCE STATEMENT IF-I(S)-

8LOCK DATA
COI"PLEX I-JM#IJP*ZJPC(2)#iJMC(2)
COMMON /AS/ ZJP,ZJP#ZJPC*ZJHC
IF COMMON /VAR/ SM,SNCUT.SNCUO.SNCUC(,).VPCC2,,VMCC2)
C0P9M04 /SUR/?tU)*Y(4) P1 .QADD
COMM4ON /ANT/0LJMC43)#ASC2)
flATA S'4i397.1
DATA iJ"*ZJP*ZJPC#EJHCI4(../
DATA PI&RACO/3.14159265#.317453292,
END

63
DYAI It;
PROGRAM~~ DYMLITN

644
 IAx

The ILSLOC program calculates the CDI at each point in

space; this CDI includes the Doppler effects from the velocity
of the aircraft. In the simulation, the receiver system is
assumed to generate the CnI value instantaneously. In the real
case, the inertia of the electrical and mechanical .ortjons of
the system limit the rate of change of the CDI. Thus the real
observed CDI appears to have been low-pass filtered from the
instantaneous CDI.
The program DYNM takes the output tape generated by program
ILSLOC and converts it to observed CDI by simulating the effect
of a low-pass filter. The variable TAU is the time constant of
the effective filter.*

Note: When a flight path has been segmented, the low-pass

filter will operate continuously over the entire
flight path.

65
19IPFTC MATN
C THIS PROGRAM SIMULATES THE EFFECT OF THE MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL
C INERTIA OF THE ILS RECEIVER ON THE CDI. THIS EFFECT IS EQUIVALENT
C TO A SIMPLE R-C LOW PASS FILTER. THE VARIABLE TAU IS THE TIME
C CONSTANT OF THE EFFECTIVE FILTER. A TYPICAL VALUE IS o4 SECONDS.
C THE INPUT TAPE IS ON UNIT 11, THE OUTPUT ON UNIT 12.
C
C
DIMENSION XY(10)9DEF(501)9MEMO(14)
LOGICAL FOF
DATA ILPL/4HDYNMI
DATA TA(U/Q*4/
IF(EOFfli)) GO TO 4
1 1T=O)
DELC=C.
2 READ(1191000) MEMOXYIDtNCoICF
WRITE(6,1003) MEMO.XYIDoNCPICF
DEFK=ABS(XY(9) /XY(5)/TAU)
TR=IFIX(XY( 10)+*1)
READ( 11,1001) (DEFC J)tJllIR)
1Ff IT .EQ. 0) CEF2=DEF(1)
IT=l
DO 3 I11IR
CEF2=CEF2+DELC
DELC=( DEFf I)-CEF21 *DEFK
3 DEF(I)=CEF2
MEMOf 13) uILBL
WRITE(1291000) MEMOXY9IONCPICF
WRITE(1291001) (DEF(I),Iz1,IR)
IF(JD .GT. 13) GO TO 1
IF( ID .EQ9 0) GO TO 1
GO TO 2
4 REWIND 11
END FILE 12
REWIND 12
CALL XIYT
1000 FORMAT(13A6,A2,/,1X,7FiS.99,/,3F18.91O,1OX,2I10)
1001 FORMAT(7E15.8)
1003 FORMAT( 1X.13A6.A2./,lX,7Fl899/,3Fl8.9,IlO~lOo.2110)
STOP.
END

66
 411

APPENDIX C

ILSPLT PLOTTING ROUTINE

67
 This program has been written to generate graphs of the
static and dynamic CDI's. It was written on the IBM 7094 using
the CALCOMP plotting subroutines.
The first input card has the following format:

Col. Symbol Usage

1-2 NL Number of lines per graph
3-4 NGRFS Number of graphs
5-7 NTAPE (1) Input logical unit no. for first
line
8-10 NTAPE (2) Input logical unit no. for second
line
11-13 NTAPE (3) Input logical unit no. for third
line

NL pe'-nits the overlaying of two or more CDI or signal

strength graphs for comparison purposes. The scaling will be
set by the first graph, and the successive overlays will be
plotted to the same scale. A maximum of three lines per graph
will be allowed.

NGRFS set.; the maximum number of graphs to be drawn. Each

graph will have the same number of overlays.
NTAPE (i) gives the logical unit number used for the input
of the ith line on each graph. If the value of NTAPE is negative
then its absolute value will be used as its logical unit number
and the tape will be rewound before input,
The second input card defines the scaling used for the graph
(or graphs) described above. It has the following format:

68
 'I

Col. Symbol Usage

F 1-10 XSC Horizontal scale in ft./in. or deg./in

11-20 DELX Tick mark spacing in ft. or deg.

21-30 YMAX Maximum y-value on vertical scale

* .) YMIN Minimum y-value on vertical scale

.'l-S0 DELY Tick mark spacing on vertical spacing

in microamps for CDI or relative units

The horizontal axis is drawn in either feet or degrees per

inch as specified by XSC. The tick mark spacing along the axis
is determined by DELX. The length of the axis will be adjusted
to the shortest length with an integral number of tick marks
that will cover the domain required by the input data. When a
flight path has been segmented it is treated as a single line
on the graph.

YMAX, YMIN define the range of the plotted variable: CDI

or relative signal strength. The Y-axis has a fixed length of
seven inches. If DELY does not integrally divide the range, DELY
will be adjusted to yield an integer. When the range (YMAX-YMIN)
is zero, the program will automatically scale the range to the
largest scale that will include the data in the length of the
axis.

When multiple graphs are plotted, each graph is scaled in-

dependently.

After all NGRFS graphs have been drawn, the program will loop
back to the beginning and attempt to read in a new NL card. This
allows many graphs to be drawn. If the user wishes to replot
data using different scales or overlaid with different sets of
data, he may use the negative NTAPE to rewind the input tape.

The program will terminate after reaching an end-of-file

on the card input unit.

The vertical scale on the graph is always labeled "micro-

amperes". This is valid only for CDI graphs. All others are
in relative units and this labeling should be ignored.

69
 MAIN4 - FN SOURCE STATEMENT - FN(S)-041

COMMCNTEST/XMINOXRtNTOTNP
LOGICAL EOF
DIMENSICN 1301I1000)
ni4ENSICN NTAPE(3),'4EMO(14)tMf14)
CCt4MCN /PDF/ CF(2000)tXLFNNSTEPSIDEF,IDENT,DX(10,tNPTS(10)
CJMON /PRINT/ HLtXSCDELXYMAXqYMINvOELYIC-
CALL PLOTS( IBUF, 1000)
CALL FLCT(fl.0t-12.t-3)
CALL FACTOR (0.4)
!LBL-l
60 CONTINUE
IF(EOF15)) GO TO 55

F 100
RFAD(5,100) NL*NGRFSNTAPE
WRITE(6tl0'J NLNGRFStNTAPE
IF(IiGRFS*LE.C) NGRFS=3
FOR'4D7(212,313
DO 40i IsI,NL
IF(NTAPF(I).GE.O) GO TO 401
NTAPE( I)a-NTAPE( I)
NU=NTAPE( I)
R.ZWIND NU
401 C34TINUE
READ(5,1G1) XSCOELXtYI4AXtYMINtOELY
WRITE(69101) XSCt0ELXipYMAXtYI1NqDELY
101 FORMAT(8F10).0)
TEMP-AMINI (YAK NYtAX)
Y'AXAMAX1 CYMIN, YMAX)
Y MI NwTEMFP
TEMP=YI'AX-YMIN
IF(TEMP .NE. 0.) DELY=TEMPI(FLOAT(IFIX(TE4P/DELY..5)))
NPLT aI
NP x
I =1
NI = L
NTOT z0
10 NU =NTAPE(NP)
IF(EOF(hU)i GO TO 50
READ(NU#500) M#XO9OXRtXYZDtIOEFtIDENTtICF
IF(ICF .NE. 0) IC~wl
WRITE(6#6001 MEMOXODXRXYIOIDEFIOENTICF
IF(ILBL .NE. I? GO TO TO
ILBL=O
CALL SYMBOL(0.,O*9.14,MEM0990*980)
CALL PLOT(3.90.,-3)
T0 CONTINUE
IR =TFIXI XYG.1)
NT3T - NTOT + IR
IF(I.EQ.1) XMIN a XO
500 FORAIATM1AE,A2t/t/,3F18.9#41101
600 FORtMAT(2X, 13A6,A2,/,3F18.9'.I 10
501 FCAMATUEI5*8)
502 FORMAT( lX,7E15.81
REAO(NU95O1)(DFlJ )tJ-NlNTtb.)
WRITE(6,502) IOFIJhtJuN1,NTCT)

70.
 'VAN -EFN SL)UPCE STATE4ENT IFN(S)-
WRITF(6910CO) XMU~leIRtN1,NTOT,NPvI
£ 1001) F0QM'AT(Fl-.),5I~I))
'JOTS(l) IR
)X(I) = O~Xq
IF( IC .GT. 13 J GO TO 40
IFU 10 Q C) GO TO 40
Ni+ IR
GO T9 10
11 NL = NP
40 CO'ITIKtJE
P'43TCPS = I
IF(NP.GT.1) GO3 TO 4.1
CALL GRAPH2(0)
GO. TO 42
41
F42 CALL GRAPI-2(l)
CLP4TIKA:

K- NT)? 0
IF(NP.EC.NLI GO TO 45
NP = NP + 1
GO TO 10
45 NP=
C4LL PLOT(XLErj+?.9-12*.
3)
NPLT = NPLT + I
ILt3L= I
IF(NPLT.GT.NCRFS) GO TO 69i
G~I TO 10
50 C3'lT!NUE
IF(NTOT.GT.0) G9 TO 11
CALL PLCT (XLEN+7.v-1z.,t3)
GO TO 60
55 C)'JTI NUE
CALL PICTIO. .0. .9991
DO 400 Z1x,NL
NU=NTAPE~l)
4C0 REWIND NU
ST )P

71
 SUBiI EFN SOURfCE STATEMENT 04/1
-IFN(S -

S'JOPCtLTINE GRAPH2(ITL)
4
D1 ENSICN XLASM4
CQMMON/TEST/X0,flFLTAXNOELTA ,NP
DATA XLAO/24*.OISTANCEtFT. DEGREES
DIMENSICN TYPE(31
DIMENSION X(31,NC(3)
CcY4MCN /POF/ GF(200),9XLENNSTEPSIOEFIOENT,DX(IO),NPTS(lO)
C04MCN /PRIKTI NL,XSCDELX,YPAX,YAINtDELYtICF
DATA X /-5,#5.t,/
DATA KC /1,5,4/
IF(ITL .NE* C) GO TO I
ELX=DELX
lr(DELTAX.LT.O.) ELX a -ABS(OELX)
'RANGE=0.
D3 11 11NSTEPS
11 RANGE=RANGE.FLOAT(NPTS(l) )*CX( I)
TIXmIFIX(RANGE/ELX+.9)
7 XLFN = AOS(ELX/XSC*OTIX)
IF(XLEN .GT. 40.) GO TO 9
IF(XLEN .GT. 5.) GO TO 6
9 XSC-AeS(RA4GE/20.1
XLE4=ABS (ELX/XSC*T1XJ
WRITF(6,8) xSC
8 Ft3RMAT(25H AxIS OUT OF RANGE SCALEw,El2,5,8H FT./IN.
/J
6 COAJTINUF
X14AXTIX*LcX0X
XMIN = AtINJ(XO,XMAX)
X'4AX = AIJAX1(X0,XMAX)
ND =2
PW4R a 0.
CALL PLCT(O.,.5,-31
AMIN-YPIN
A'IAX-YPAX
IF(Yt4AX .EQ. YMIN) CALL SCLAX(?.PDFNOELTAAMAXAMINDELYNDPWR)
CALL AXIS 3 (E.PO,,AMAXAINELY7.12HMTCPOAMPERES12NDPWIROELN)
YSC = DEIN
IXLAS-2*ICF+l
IKSC=-1
IF(ABS(CLX) *LT. 10.) IXSC-I
CALL AXIS 3 IO.,O.XMIAXtXMINELX,.XLENXLAB(IXLAS),LZ ,IXSCI0.
* ,OELN)
XSC a DL4
XT =XLEN/2. - 2.
IF(AMIN*AM4AX.GT.O.) GO TO 2
IF( AMIN .EQ. 0.) GO TO 2
LERO= (0.-AMIN1 I.**PWR) /YSC
CALL PLOT (O.9lER093)
CALL PLCT(XLEN*ZERO,2)
2 CONTINUE
I CONTINUE
XIO0.
IF(DELTAX .LT. 0.) X!-XMAX-XMI'4
Jul
0) 5 I-104STEPS
DELTAX z XT

72
 04/1

NX=%4PT SC!)
IF(I .LT. NSTrPS) -*X=NX41
YM=AFJ/10.**PWR
CALL XCLI~4(XI,DELTAXDF(J),NX,0.,XSC,YM,YSCNC(NP))
IJJNPTS (I)
'I=XCXtC(I )*FLCtT(NPTS(l1))
5 COATI NUF

END

73
 SOUPCE STATEMENT -IFN(S) 04/
SUB3 -EFN

SLJRROLTINE XCLINE(XIOXYNtX~',OELEYMODELYNC)
DIM4ENSION Y( 1) IPEN(4)
PEAL L(494)#LL(4J
DATA IPEN/2#3*2t3/
x XI
2 IC =NC -I

xPI = (X-XCM)/DELX
YPJ=(Y(l)-Y4)/DELY
CA0
D FXPC-XPI@YI3

IF(I.G.LL(GO TO T100

GF(ICTO 1 4 Cz

xPI (X-XM)/DELX
YPlw (Y(2I)-YM4)/OErLY

5CALL PLCTIXP29YPI2)lE()

REITURN EUR

x-
+-o x -
 SCLX -F.Fi SO&JRCE STATEMENT -IFN( S)-
S!F;3r--UTNeF- S''LXA*C#A*YPA*MN0L$tD
C
AXLEN =AIKCH
VMAX z vhkt1)

09 40 1=29N
V'4AX - AMAX1(VAAAX#VAl(I))
4L VIIN = Av!Nl(VF-tNNVAkIJ
N= C
NE =0

TITAL = VhIAX - V4IIN

C DETER~MINE EXPONENT AND INCREMJENT/INC14
V4I = AMAX1(ABS(VMX)qARS(V4IN))
= Ir-(VM4AX*VMIIVI 6,5,7
7 VAV - ARS(VMEX4VMIN)/2.
DELTA =T:JT4Lft.XLEI%
!F-(Tn'TtL.GT.0..ANO.TCTAL/V'4,LT..75) GC TO 4
IF(VMAX*EI.V4) VMII=0.
1F(VPrN.FJ-V') VMAX=Oo
Gfl Til 5
6 AXIEN =AXLEN*V4/TOTAL
5 DELTA =Vv/4XLEN
VAV aV'417.
C TEST FOR VAV BETWFEN .01 AND 11)01.
4 IF(VAV.L.1E-11) GC TO 21
IF(VAV - .01) 3,10,1
41 !F(VAV - 1.) 391'ZPIO
I IF(VAV - 1O3 ;.) 1092t2
C VAV GE 1CCC.
2 IF(NE.FC.al V4kV = VM
= VAV V#1i1030.
0
NE NE - 3
G.1 TO 1
C VAV LT 1.
3 VAV =VAV*10Z#Oo
NE =NE + 3
r,3 TO 41
C DETERMIINE DECIMAL PLACES IN DELTA
IC IF(OELTA.LT.VwfI.E4) GO TO 21
D)ELTA a DELTAO10.**NF
11 IF(DELTA - 1.) 12919t13
12 D LT* = CtfLTA*10.
NO a ND + I
GO TO 11
13 IFtOELTA - 10.) 1598,14
14 DELTA = OLTA/1C.
NO0 a NO I
GO TC13
C DELTt NO%~ BETWEEN I AND 10
15 IF(DELTA 161l7t1?
-5.)

16 !F(DOLTA .) 1,18,18l
-

GO TC 20

7S
 SCLX -EFN SOURCE STATEMENT -IFNIS)-

1a3 DELTA - 2./10.**(ND4NE)

GO TO 20
8 NJ) aNO - 1
19 OELTA - ./10.**INDNE)
C RESET VMIN (FIRSTV) FOq AXIS
20 AK( VMIN1/OELTA + .01
K z(IFIX(AK)/M)*04
IF(VOIN.LT.0.) KwK-M
V041N - ELTA*FLOAT(K)
NOIV - MYAX - VKII/),ELTA +.9
IF(PLOAT(P4OIV).GT.AINCH*2.1 DELTAsDELTA*AIIAX1(2.,FLOATP4)/2.)
IF(NO.LEO0) ND4- -1
21 EKp = NF
wqI1'E(6910O2) VRAXVI'INDELTANDNE
RETURN
1002Z r-3R4AT(1W~,3El3.3*317If)

76
 ^4/1
AX3 -EF4 SOUPCE STATFMFNT -IFN(S)

SJ64fJUTIPJr: AXI 53( X0,YOeVMAXVUINOELVAINCH,8CONC~.NOECtPWkVSC)

F4SCT(?R = lfl.*'PWP.
AMN= VHiK*FACTJR

DtX=AeS(CELV)*FACTOR

NEXP z
E NCN:IABS(NCRI
IF(P.NE.J.*3* NEXP 6
cqCt*=ACsAI (A INCH)
IF((VDIAX-V'411)/A4AX(VM4AX,-VMINdj.LT.1.E-6) GO TC 50
IF((Ab1AX-0b41N)/(0FLX+1.F-8).GT8 3*Cl4iCH) OlrLX = (A!14AX-A'IN)/CJCH
IF(DELX.GT.AwdAX-4MIN) DELX A14AX AM4IN
IF(NZR.LT.01 W3 = 1.
fV914z (A4AX-AMtI')/nELX*1.9
ANCZCINCN/FLCAT (tUI@-1)
IF(AINCH.LT.C.)GC T') 5
IdZzl.
GI3 T-1 10
5 udl~l.
13 CALL FLCTIX3,YO93)
VSC =DELX/FAC!C;R/ANC
ASP~4"AMN-DELX

Y=3.
X:4=03.
OFF = 0
on, 40 11,MP
A4JM=ANJ14.DELX
11-3
25 IF(ABSfAKUM)/10.**IJLT.1.IGO TO 20
11-11+1
Gn TC 25
20 IF(ANUP'.LT.C.)!I=1141

I 3ROXNCEC.1

IFIIFIX(wl)*[.EQ.11 HT -AMIN1(HT ,ANC/FLOAT(I1.2))

14L = APAXl(.12,1.2*WlJ
C!:TEP =FLCAT(111*N4T/tl.eWl)
XC = X CFNTER - W2*.15
IF(XC.LT.AI') A4 = C
IF(wdZ*wE3*GT.C.) XC =.15
IF(AqS(XC).GT.A!3SX4)j XK4 = XC
YC - - 41*(HT +.15 - %43*(tlT..3)) - W?*OFF
CALL PL071(%'#X*YOGY92*
CALL PLOT(X)*X4.l*v#2,YO+Y+.1'wl*3)
CALL PLTX+-.*~tOY-*I2
CALL NUb '~q(XOtXCtv0.VC.HT,ANw4,O.,NOEC)
CALL FLCT(XO.X,YO#Y,3)
X=X. A%'Coki

77
 04/1
AX3 -EFN SOURCE STATEMENT -IFN(S)-

Y=Y4ANC*W2
qC CONTINUE
AST (CINCH -FLOAT(NCH+NEXP)*HLI/2.

IF-- -1.1. XM = -XM

- "(XO + BST) + W2*(XO +Xl* - OFF + W3*(2.*OFF.HL)i
'-(YO + YC - 1.5*HL + W3*(HT + 2.*IIL)l + WZ*(YO+RST)
- -JfL(XXCtYYCtHLBCD,90.*W2,NCH)
.,.EQ.O.) RETURN
CALL SYM8qCL(999.t999.,I4Lt5H * IC99C.*W2951
X 99o
= +(XXC-*66%*HL-999.)*W2
Y 59. + (YYC+o66*HL-999.)*Wl
CALL NUMqER(XtYt.75*HLtPWR,90.*W2,-1J
[ RETURN
5C VSC = (VMAX-VMIN41*E-6/FACYCR)/CINCH
WRITE(6, 1000)
1000 FnRMAMH1t027HINSUFFICIENT RANGE FOR AXIS
RETURN
END0

78
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79
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