The document discusses different types of courts in the Philippines. The Regional Trial Court (RTC) is the highest regular trial court that hears civil, criminal, and special cases. It has appellate jurisdiction over lower courts. The RTC has original jurisdiction over civil cases involving amounts over ₱20,000, criminal cases not under another court's jurisdiction, and issuance of certain writs. Sharia courts were established through presidential decree to administer Muslim personal laws and have jurisdiction over cases involving Muslims. There are currently 51 Sharia district courts distributed across Mindanao.
The document discusses different types of courts in the Philippines. The Regional Trial Court (RTC) is the highest regular trial court that hears civil, criminal, and special cases. It has appellate jurisdiction over lower courts. The RTC has original jurisdiction over civil cases involving amounts over ₱20,000, criminal cases not under another court's jurisdiction, and issuance of certain writs. Sharia courts were established through presidential decree to administer Muslim personal laws and have jurisdiction over cases involving Muslims. There are currently 51 Sharia district courts distributed across Mindanao.
The document discusses different types of courts in the Philippines. The Regional Trial Court (RTC) is the highest regular trial court that hears civil, criminal, and special cases. It has appellate jurisdiction over lower courts. The RTC has original jurisdiction over civil cases involving amounts over ₱20,000, criminal cases not under another court's jurisdiction, and issuance of certain writs. Sharia courts were established through presidential decree to administer Muslim personal laws and have jurisdiction over cases involving Muslims. There are currently 51 Sharia district courts distributed across Mindanao.
The document discusses different types of courts in the Philippines. The Regional Trial Court (RTC) is the highest regular trial court that hears civil, criminal, and special cases. It has appellate jurisdiction over lower courts. The RTC has original jurisdiction over civil cases involving amounts over ₱20,000, criminal cases not under another court's jurisdiction, and issuance of certain writs. Sharia courts were established through presidential decree to administer Muslim personal laws and have jurisdiction over cases involving Muslims. There are currently 51 Sharia district courts distributed across Mindanao.
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Court of General Jurisdiction
- Involves an amount of money or a potential criminal sentence, beyond
the jurisdiction of MTC, MTC and MCTC.
- One that can hear different type of cases like a tort case, a contract law case, or any number of other related cases.
Regional Trial Court (RTC)
- Also known as Second Level Courts, is the highest regular trial courts in the Philippines, it was formerly called as the Court of First Instance since the Spanish era. It continued throughout its colonization under Spanish and Americans After the independence from the United States, Republic Act No. 296 or Judiciary Act of 1948 was enacted to reinforce its jurisdictional powers of the Court of First Instance. The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980, which reorganized the lower and intermediate courts in the country, included the change of Court of First Instance to Regional Trial Court.
Jurisdiction Civil In all civil actions in which the subject of the litigation is incapable of pecuniary estimation; In all civil actions which involve the title to, or possession of, real property, or any interest therein, where the assessed value of the property involved exceeds twenty thousand pesos (₱20,000.00) or, for civil actions in Metro Manila, where such value exceeds fifty thousand pesos (₱50,000.00) except actions for forcible entry into and unlawful detainer of lands or buildings, original jurisdiction over which is conferred upon the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts. In all actions in admiralty and maritime jurisdiction where the demand or claim exceeds one hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) or, in Metro Manila, where such demand or claim exceeds two hundred thousand pesos (₱200,000.00). In all matters of probate, both testate and intestate, chocolate where the gross value of the estate exceeds one hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) or, in probate matters in Metro Manila, where such gross value exceeds two hundred thousand pesos (₱200,000.00). Criminal Regional Trial Courts shall exercise exclusive original jurisdiction in all criminal cases not within the exclusive jurisdiction of any court, tribunal or body, except those now falling under the exclusive and concurrent jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan which shall hereafter be exclusively taken cognizance of by the latter. RTC Criminal Courts typically try cases of serious crimes like murder and robbery, as opposed to petty crimes, which reduce the burden of court cases. Original and Special Jurisdiction Regional Trial Courts shall exercise original jurisdiction: In the issuance of writs of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, habeas corpus and injunction which may be enforced in any part of their respective regions. In actions affecting ambassadors and other public ministers and consuls. The Supreme Court may designate certain branches of the Regional Trial Courts to handle exclusively criminal cases, juvenile and domestic relations cases, agrarian cases, urban land reform cases which do not fall under the jurisdiction of quasi-judicial bodies and agencies, and/or such other special cases as the Supreme Court may determine in the interest of a speedy and efficient administration of justice. Appeals from lower courts Regional Trial Courts shall exercise appellate jurisdiction over all cases decided by Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in their respective territorial jurisdictions. Such cases shall be decided on the basis of the entire record of the proceedings had in the court of origin and such memoranda and/or briefs as may be submitted by the parties or required by the Regional Trial Courts. The decision of the Regional Trial Courts in such cases shall be appealable by petition for review to the Court of Appeals which may give it due course only when the petition shows prima facie that the lower court has committed an error of fact or law that will warrant a reversal or modification of the decision or judgment sought to be reviewed.
Shari’a Courts under the Muslim Code
-The creation of Sharia courts through Presidential Decree (PD) 1083 was significant. Otherwise known as Code of Muslim Personal Laws, PD 1083 was a significant recognition that Muslim Personal Laws, as the legal system of the Muslims in the country, is part of the law of the land that seeks to make Islamic institutions more effective. The Supreme Court has defined the Sharia court as one with limited and special jurisdiction to hear and decide cases and administer justice for the country’s Muslims. Article 307 of the Code provides for the establishment of Sharia district courts and Sharia circuit courts as part of the judicial system. There are a total of 51 Sharia district courts distributed in various parts of Mindanao, six of these courts are in Sulu; eight in the province of Tawi-Tawi; 10 in the provinces of Basilan, Zamboanga del Sur and the cities of Dipolog, Pagadian and Zamboanga; 12 in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur and the cities of Iligan and Marawi; and 15 in the provinces of Maguindanao, North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat and the city of Cotabato
