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Qos and Network Performance: Computer Networks

The document discusses quality of service (QoS) and network performance. It defines QoS as the measurement of overall performance of a network, including aspects like packet loss, bit rate, throughput, delay, and jitter. QoS is important for applications with strict network requirements like voice calls. The document outlines various QoS mechanisms used in wired and wireless networks like marking traffic for precedence, admission control, and priority scheduling. It also discusses QoS protocols, applications that benefit from QoS, and concludes that continuously monitoring network performance is important for maintaining QoS.

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26 views

Qos and Network Performance: Computer Networks

The document discusses quality of service (QoS) and network performance. It defines QoS as the measurement of overall performance of a network, including aspects like packet loss, bit rate, throughput, delay, and jitter. QoS is important for applications with strict network requirements like voice calls. The document outlines various QoS mechanisms used in wired and wireless networks like marking traffic for precedence, admission control, and priority scheduling. It also discusses QoS protocols, applications that benefit from QoS, and concludes that continuously monitoring network performance is important for maintaining QoS.

Uploaded by

ljjb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

University of Technology
Computer Engineering Department

QoS and network performance


Computer Networks
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﺣﺎﺳوب‬

‫ وﺳﺎم ﻟؤي طﻲ‬: ‫اﺳم اﻟطﺎﻟب‬


‫ ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬:‫اﻻﺧﺗﺻﺎص‬
‫ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬: ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬: ‫اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬
2020 / 9 / 6 : ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾم‬

2019 - 2020
INTRODUCTION

A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication


links that are built using different physical media.
A node can be a computer, telephone, or any other device capable of sending and
receiving messages.
The communication medium is the physical path by which message travels from sender
to receiver.
Example media include fiber-optic cable, copper wire, or air carrying radio waves.

Body

Quality of service (QoS) is the description or measurement of the overall performance


of a service, such as a telephony or computer network or a cloud computing service,
particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.
To quantitatively measure quality of service, several related aspects of the network
service are often considered, such as packet loss, bit rate, throughput, transmission
delay, availability, jitter, etc.
Quality of service is particularly important for the transport of traffic with special
requirements. In particular, developers have introduced Voice over IP technology
to allow computer networks to become as useful as telephone networks for audio
conversations, as well as supporting new applications with even stricter network
performance requirements.

Case for QoS

QoS is a means to convergence but a goal in itself from network point of view.
Over provisioning of resources is not enough…
Different applications have different QoS requirements.
Particularly important from the point of how TCP reacts to packet losses and delays.

QoS in Wired Networks

* Guarantees on bandwidth
* Bounds on delay (queuing, multiplexing)
* Bounds on delay variation (jitter)
* Bounds on loss probability
* Minimize cost
Network Performance

As well as appearance of NGN (Next Generation Network) concept, allowed the transfer
of formerly separate services (voice, video and data) by one common network
infrastruc- ture.
However, this transition had to deal with some difficulties, as packet networks based
on IP protocol had not been designed to transfer delay-sensitive traffic.
The difficulties appeared especially at the transfer of voice because, without any supple-
mentary mechanisms securing the quality of service, such a transfer was not capable
of providing a high-quality interactive communication similar to standard PSTN.
Constant network monitoring, along with network performance intervening as needed,
seems to be a method for securing at least minimal QoS level in packet network.
Therefore, the purpose of the model provide a simple monitoring tool capable of
predicting qualitative QoS parameters according to net- work status.
The application aims to be an alternative to expensive monitoring tools, as well as a
helpful tool for designing network infrastructure with regard to securing at least
minimal QoS level.

networks became more intensive.


Logically, the highest emphasis is being put on the transfer of voice, since this service
is the most sensitive to an overall network status.
ocus on degradation of voice service caused by delay and packet loss.
These works use a simplified version of calculation model based on recommen- dation
ITU-T G.107 (also known as E-model) [4] to evaluate the quality of speech, adjusting
the model to be suitable especially for packet networks.
At the same time, results are used to compare the application results to real practical
experiments.
Since the final delay and packet loss are factors depending on full network utilization
and QoS policy applied to prioritized data flow processing by routers, it is necessary
to consider this link as well.
Works and analyse in detail the impact of net- work utilization and set policies on
variable component of total delay.
In especial- ly the impact of the buffer size for Jitter and packet loss in network is
being studied.
The analysis of video quality focuses on resistance of video codecs towards packet
loss in network which cause the artefacts . The measurements in these works show
dependence of resolution and bitrate on decrease of video quality through increasing
packet loss rate in network – the higher the bitrate and resolution are, the better their
resistance towards unwanted effects is. What is still missing, though, is the application
of those experiments results to real use.
Therefore, this paper attempts to bring a tool which, according to the application of
mathematical models based on actual results, would be capable of providing with
reliable information on Triple play services quality.
Nowadays, the inclination to NGN concept is huge, that is why mon- itoring of efficiency
and evaluation of impacts on QoS is highly important and neces- sary in order to secure
the competitiveness of any multimedia services provider.
QoS Mechanisms

support for real-time flows in the n/w


* marking such flows - precedence (ToS)
* admission control
* assign to different queues
* priority scheduling
* buffer management
* constrained routing
* mechanisms for signaling - within n/w as well as between users and n/w

Performance measures

QoS services (depending on the level) generally involve putting all or at least a few of
these mechanisms into place .

Fairness - access to excess capacity


* Isolation - protection from excess traffic from other users .
* Efficiency - number of flows accommodated per service level .
* complexity - implementation, control overhead .

IP QoS Approaches

Two broad families:


* Per-flow service .
* Integrated Services and RSVP .
* Since per-flow information needs to be maintained, too complex and not scalable .
* Aggregated service .
* Differentiated services .
* Only class-based information required, hence more scalable, and easier to implement .

IP QoS Approaches
In Wireless :
* A premium on efficiency (due to limitations in spectrum resource) .
* Low reliability in the worst case .
* Traffic limited by interference .
* Similar to congestion, but more easily controllable .
* “Cost” of one stream related not only to rate parameters, but also to reliability(energy
per bit) and acceptable delay .
* Best error- control coding techniques are at the physical and media- access layers .
Protocols

Several QoS mechanisms and schemes exist for IP networking.

* The type of service (ToS) field in the IPv4 header (now superseded by DiffServ) .
* Differentiated services (DiffServ) .
* Integrated services (IntServ) .
* Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) .
* RSVP-TE .

QoS capabilities are available in the following network technologies .

* Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) provides eight QoS classes .


* Frame Relay .
* X.25 .
* Some DSL modems .
* Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) .
* Ethernet supporting IEEE 802.1Q with Audio Video Bridging and Time-Sensitive
* Networking .
* Wi-Fi supporting IEEE 802.11e .
* HomePNA home networking over coax and phone wires .
* The G.hn home networking standard provides QoS by means of contention-free
transmission opportunities (CFTXOPs) which are allocated to flows which require
QoS and which have negotiated a contract with the network controller.
G.hn also supports non-QoS operation by means of contention-based time slots.

Applications

* Streaming media specifically


* Internet protocol television (IPTV)
* Audio over Ethernet
* Audio over IP
* Voice over IP (VoIP)
* Videotelephony
* Telepresence
* Storage applications such as iSCSI and Fibre Channel over Ethernet
* Circuit emulation service
* Safety-critical applications such as remote surgery where availability issues can be
hazardous Network operations support systems either for the network itself, or for
customers' business critical needs Online games where real-time lag can be a factor
Industrial control systems protocols such as EtherNet/IP which are used for real-time
control of machinery .
CONCLUSION

Modeling recommendation of the changes in value of the QoS parameters resulting


weakening of network performance.
By keeping the quality of service in this case the quality of QoS is always monitored
in order to obtain feedback as a recommendation maintain network performance
factors, is expected to make a reference to maintain the performance of network
attached fixed in prime condition.

REFERENCES

(1) Computer Networks - Performance and QOS by I. Marsic

(2) QoS for IP/MPLS Networks Hardcover – 2 Jun. 2006 by Santiago Alvarez

(3) QOS-Enabled Networks: Tools and Foundations 1st Edition by Miguel Barreiros
(Author), Peter Lundqvist

(4) QoS Routing Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks by K. R. Venugopal,


Shiv Prakash T., M. Kumaraswamy

(5) QoS Prediction in Cloud and Service Computing: Approaches and Applications
(SpringerBriefs in Computer Science) 1st ed. 2017 Edition, Kindle Edition
by Yilei Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

(6) 802.11 WLANs and IP Networking: Security, QoS, and Mobility by Neeli Prasad
, Anand Prasad

(7) Advanced QoS for Multi-Service IP/MPLS Networks 1st Edition by


Ramji Balakrishnan

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