Fruit Wine

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FRUIT WINES

These  are fermented alcoholic beverages made from a variety of base ingredients (other than grapes);


they may also have additional flavors taken from fruits, flowers, and herbs. This definition is sometimes
broadened to include any fermented alcoholic beverage except beer. For historical reasons, mead, cider,
and perry are also excluded from the definition of fruit wine.

Fruit wines have traditionally been popular with home winemakers and in areas with cool climates such
as North America and Scandinavia; in East Africa, India, and the Philippines, wine is made from bananas.

Fruit wines are usually referred to by their main ingredient (e.g., plum wine or elderberry wine) because
the usual definition of wine states that it is made from fermented grape juice.
In the European Union, wine is legally defined as the fermented juice of grapes.
In the United Kingdom, fruit wine is commonly called country wine; the term should not be conflated
with the French term vin de pays, which is grape wine. In British legislation, the term made-wine is used.

PRODUCTION

Fruit wine can be made from virtually any plant matter that can be fermented.

Most fruits and berries have the potential to produce wine. There are a number of methods of extracting
flavor and juice from the fruits or plants being used; pressing the juice, stewing and fermenting the pulp
of the fruits are common.

Few foods other than grapes have the balanced quantities of sugar, acid, tannin, nutritive salts
for yeast feeding and water to naturally produce a stable, drinkable wine, so most country wines are
adjusted in one or more respects at fermentation. However, some of these products do require the addition
of sugar or honey to make them palatable and to increase the alcoholic content (sugar is converted to
alcohol in the fermentation). Two commonly produced varieties are elderberry wine and dandelion wine.
Tainted elderberry wine is the beverage used to commit murders in Joseph Kesselring's play and Frank
Capra's film adaptation Arsenic and Old Lace. A wine made from elderberry flowers is called elder blow
wine.

The amount of fermentable sugars is often low and needs to be supplemented by a process
called chaptalization in order to have sufficient alcohol levels in the finished wine. Sucrose is often added
so that there is sufficient sugar to ferment to completion while keeping the level of acidity acceptable. If
the specific gravity of the initial solution is too high, indicating an excess of sugar, water or acidulated
water may be added to adjust the specific gravity down to the winemaker's target range.

Many kinds of fruit have a natural acid content which would be too high to produce a savory and pleasant
fruit wine in undiluted form; this can be particularly true, among others, for strawberries,
cherries, pineapples, and raspberries. Therefore, much as to regulate sugar content, the fruit mash is
generally topped up with water prior to fermentation to reduce the acidity to pleasant levels. This also
dilutes and reduces overall fruit flavor; a loss of flavor can be compensated for by adding sugar again
after fermentation which then acts as a flavor enhancer (known as a back-sweetener), while too much acid
in the finished wine will always give it undesired harshness and pungency.

Many fruit wines suffer from a lack of natural yeast nutrients needed to promote or maintain
fermentation. Winemakers can counter this with the addition of
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available commercially as yeast nutrient. In the opinion of one wine
writer fruit wines often do not improve with bottle age and are usually meant to be consumed within a
year of bottling.

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