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    Assignment 7 (Solution)

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    Saad mahmood
    This document discusses a study examining the effects of smoking during pregnancy and family income on infant birth weight. The study uses a regression model with birth weight as the outcome variable and cigarettes smoked per day and family income as predictor variables. The results of the regression show that both smoking during pregnancy and lower family income are associated with lower infant birth weights, after accounting for their correlation. The model explains some but not all of the variation in birth weight.

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    Assignment 7 (Solution)

    Uploaded by

    Saad mahmood
    107 views2 pages
    This document discusses a study examining the effects of smoking during pregnancy and family income on infant birth weight. The study uses a regression model with birth weight as the outcome variable and cigarettes smoked per day and family income as predictor variables. The results of the regression show that both smoking during pregnancy and lower family income are associated with lower infant birth weights, after accounting for their correlation. The model explains some but not all of the variation in birth weight.

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    Assignment 7 (solution)

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    This document discusses a study examining the effects of smoking during pregnancy and family income on infant birth weight. The study uses a regression model with birth weight as the outcome variable and cigarettes smoked per day and family income as predictor variables. The results of the regression show that both smoking during pregnancy and lower family income are associated with lower infant birth weights, after accounting for their correlation. The model explains some but not all of the variation in birth weight.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    107 views2 pages

    Assignment 7 (Solution)

    Uploaded by

    Saad mahmood
    This document discusses a study examining the effects of smoking during pregnancy and family income on infant birth weight. The study uses a regression model with birth weight as the outcome variable and cigarettes smoked per day and family income as predictor variables. The results of the regression show that both smoking during pregnancy and lower family income are associated with lower infant birth weights, after accounting for their correlation. The model explains some but not all of the variation in birth weight.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Assignment 7

    A problem of interest to health officials (and others) is to determine the effects of smoking during pregnancy on
    infant health. One measure of infant health is birth weight; a birth weight that is too low can put an infant at risk for
    contracting various illnesses. Since factors other than cigarette smoking that affect birth weight are likely to be
    correlated with smoking, we should take those factors into account. For example, higher income generally results in
    access to better prenatal care, as well as better nutrition for the mother. An equation that recognizes this is:

    bwght = B0 + B1cigs + B2faminc + u

    (i) What is the most likely sign for B2? (+ive, since higher income families can secure better health care and
    nutrition for expectant mothers, which will result in healthier infants at birth).
    (ii) Do you think cigs and faminc are likely to be correlated? Explain why the correlation might be positive or
    negative. (yes, higher faminc is indicative of higher status/better educated families, therefore belonging to a
    higher income fam should be negatively correlated with smoking during pregnancy. Remember: cigs is
    measured in terms of cigs smoked during pregnancy, you don’t want to answer this in terms of ability to
    purchase more).
    (iii) What STATA command will you use to confirm your answer for (ii)? (corr cigs faminc)
    (iv) A correlation matrix for all three variables is given below. In what direction will omitting faminc from a
    regression of bwght on cigs bias your estimate of B1? Explain. (estimate of b-1 will be biased if and only if the
    omitted variable is correlated with your variable of interest (cigs) and partly determines your outcome of
    interest (bwght). The corr matrix confirms that faminc is correlated with both variables, X and Y, therefore
    the coefficient on cigs will be biased. Sign of the bias = Sign of corr between omitted variable and outcome X
    (times) Sign of the corr between omitted variable and included variable of interest. Using this formula we can
    say the coefficient on cigs will be downward biased).

    (v) The regression output for your model is reported below. Discuss your results. Begin by forming your equation,
    interpreting your slope estimates, reporting the significance of your estimates, and explaining the predictive power
    of your model.
    (Use the results to form your equation. Interpret all coefficients and use p-values and t-stats to determine if
    each variable has a significant impact on bwght using a 5% significance level. Then finally report how much
    of the total variation in bwght is explained by your model and whether knowing info on cigs and faminc alone
    is enough for you to confidently predict any infant’s bwght.)
    (vi) What is the predicted weight of an infant whose mother smokes 5 cigarettes per day and whose family’s income
    was $20,000? (plug in 5 for cigs, and 20 for inc in your equation not 20,000!).

    Refer to variable definitions for all answers.


    bwght birth weight, in ounces
    faminc family income, in $1000s
    cigs cigarettes smoked per day while pregnant

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