Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 189 views

    Osteoporosis: Hani Abu Dieh

    Uploaded by

    Angelic khan
    Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, making bones brittle and prone to fracture. It is most commonly seen in the vertebrae, wrists, and hips. The disease results from an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts over time. Key risk factors include older age, female sex, family history, smoking, low calcium/vitamin D intake, and menopause. Diagnosis involves tests like x-rays, DEXA scans, and ultrasounds to measure bone mineral density. Treatment aims to prevent further bone loss and includes calcium/vitamin D supplementation, exercise, fall prevention, smoking

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Osteoporosis: Hani Abu Dieh

    Uploaded by

    Angelic khan
    189 views24 pages
    Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, making bones brittle and prone to fracture. It is most commonly seen in the vertebrae, wrists, and hips. The disease results from an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts over time. Key risk factors include older age, female sex, family history, smoking, low calcium/vitamin D intake, and menopause. Diagnosis involves tests like x-rays, DEXA scans, and ultrasounds to measure bone mineral density. Treatment aims to prevent further bone loss and includes calcium/vitamin D supplementation, exercise, fall prevention, smoking

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    OSTEOPOROSIS -150530002132-lva1-app6891

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, making bones brittle and prone to fracture. It is most commonly seen in the vertebrae, wrists, and hips. The disease results from an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts over time. Key risk factors include older age, female sex, family history, smoking, low calcium/vitamin D intake, and menopause. Diagnosis involves tests like x-rays, DEXA scans, and ultrasounds to measure bone mineral density. Treatment aims to prevent further bone loss and includes calcium/vitamin D supplementation, exercise, fall prevention, smoking

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    189 views24 pages

    Osteoporosis: Hani Abu Dieh

    Uploaded by

    Angelic khan
    Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, making bones brittle and prone to fracture. It is most commonly seen in the vertebrae, wrists, and hips. The disease results from an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts over time. Key risk factors include older age, female sex, family history, smoking, low calcium/vitamin D intake, and menopause. Diagnosis involves tests like x-rays, DEXA scans, and ultrasounds to measure bone mineral density. Treatment aims to prevent further bone loss and includes calcium/vitamin D supplementation, exercise, fall prevention, smoking

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    Osteoporosis

    Done by:

    Hani abu dieh


    OUTLINE
     Definition.
     Pathophysiology.
     Risk factor.
     Causes.
     Signs and symptoms.
     Diagnostic procedure.
     Prevention and medical management.
     Nursing process.
    What is it?

    • metabolic skeletal disease characterized by


    low bone density and microarchitectural
    deterioration of bone tissue which results in
    increased bone fragility and susceptibility to
    fracture.

    • The vertebrae ,wrists ,and hips are


    the most common sites of fractures.
    Pathophysiology
    Result of prolonged imbalance of Bone Remodeling; •
    - Bone remodeling occurs throughout an individual’s lifetime.
    - In normal adults, the activity of osteoclasts (bone resorption) is
    balanced by that of osteoblasts (bone formation).
    - normal bone remodeling in the adult result in gradually increase
    bone mass until the early 30s.
    * with ageing the peak bone mass is gradually decrease and
    1.Calicitonin which inhibit bone resorption and promote
    bone formation. (decrease)
    2.Estrogen which inhibit bone breakdown. (decrease)
    3.PTH increase bone turnover and resorption. (increase)
    Bone Remodeling
    Bone Mineral Density

    Peak Bone Mass

    Menopause

    Old age
    Puberty

    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

    Age in years
    Risk Factors

    -female more than male.


    -increase age.
    -inadequate intake of calcium and vit D.
    -estrogen deficiency or menopause.
    -family history.
    - Lack of physical activity .
    -Smoking , alcohol consumbtion
    -medication. (corticosteroids, antiseizure )
    - low weight and body mass index.
    -caucasian, asian.
    Causes of Osteoporosis:

    (A) Idiopathic age-related osteoporosis (most


    common):

    (1) Young adults

    (2) Postmenopausal (type I)

    (3) Senile (type II)

    8
    (B) Osteoporosis secondary to disease states:

    1. Metabolic conditions
    e.g calc. deficiency, vit. D deficiency, malnutrition, scurvy.

    2. Endocrine conditions
    e.g, Hyperparathyroidism.

    3. Renal disease.

    4. Gastrointestinal-liver disease.

    5.Bone marrow infiltration


    e.g, leukemia.

    9
    7. Drugs
    e.g Phenobarbital, Thyroid hormones, Corticosteroid.

    8. Life style
    e.g Nutnition, alcohol, smoking, inactivity,
    immobilization, excessive caffeine
    9. Miscellaneous
    e.g Rh. arthritis ..

    10
    Signs and symptoms

    • Osteoporosis has been called “silent disease”


    because bone mass is lost over many years
    with no sings or symptoms.
    C\M: •
    1.Loss of height.
    2.Back pain.
    3. vertebrae collapse. (dowager’s hump)
    Diagnosing Osteoporosis

    1.x-ray studies: determine bone density.


    2. radiographic: bone mass. (osteopenia).
    3.ultrasonography:determine bone density.
    4. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is
    the preferred modality for measuring bone
    mineral density (BMD).
    Prevention and medical managment

    • The main goal of treatment


    is to prevent development
    of osteoporosis and to
    stabilize remaining bone
    mass.
    (1) A calc. rich diet esp. in childhood.
    • adolescents may need 1200mg and postmenopausal women
    may need 1500mg daily.
    • Milk, cheese and yogurt are rich in calcium.
    • Elderly should be advised to take 400-800 units of Vit. D daily
    Comes (from 2 sources : the sun and Fortified dairy products, egg yolks, saltwater fish, and liver)

    (2) Never Smoking


    (3) Exercise
    • Exercising regularly in childhood and adolescence can
    ensure that you will reach peak bone density.

    (4) Alcohol , caffeine intake should be avoided.

    (5) Women with low body w.t (those with eating


    disorders) should receive appropriate evaluation, Rx
    and dietary counseling.
    DRUG THERAPY

    1.calcitonin: a synthetic thyroid hormone usually prescribe


    as a daily nasal spray to reduce factors that cause loss of
    calcium and increase reabsorption of calcium in the
    gastrointestinal tract.
    2. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators.

    3. Hormone Replacement Therapy: to increase serum


    estrogen levels, which in turn decrease the rate of bone resorption.
    Nursing process
    assessment

    History:
    • Profile: Age & gender
    • Risk factor
    • Secondary causes
    • Symptoms related
    • Past medical Hx
    • Family Hx
    • Social Hx
    Physical Exam:

    • General:
    - decreasing height greater > 1.5inches
    - dorsal kyphosis
    - exaggerated cervical lordoisis
    - low body weight.

    • Assessed for:
    - localized pain
    - muscle spasm
    - neurologic deficit (risk of spinal cord compression)
    - loss of strength
    - range of motion in the affected area

    • Fractures most commonly occur in the vertebral bodies,


    wrist, humerus, hip. rib and pelvis (in that order).

    19
    Nursing diagnosis:
    • acute pain
    • Impaired physical mobility
    • self-care deficit (Dressing or grooming)
    • Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body
    requirements
    • Risk for impaired skin integrity
    • Risk for injury
    • Risk for constipation RT immobility
    • Deficient knowledge about the
    osteoporosic process and treatment
    regimen.
    Goals:
    -relieving pain
    -improve self-care.
    -improve nutritional status.
    -improve physical mobility.
    -prevent injury. (no new fracture)
    -improving bowel elimination.
    -promoting understanding of osteoporosis and
    the treatment regimen.
    Intervention
    -consumes adequate dietary calcium and vit D.
    -encourage to increase level of exercise.
    -modify lifestyle choices: avoid smoking, alcohol,
    carbonated beverages.
    -maintain optimal body wt.
    -creates safe home environment.
    -adheres to prescribe screening and monitoring
    prcedures.
    -take prescribed medication as instruction.
    Reference:

    • Brunner & suddarth’s Textbook of medical-


    surgical nursing.11th edition.
    • Web site:
    -www.nursing4all.com
    -www.nursingcaste.com
    ‫ً‬
    ‫شكرا إلصغائكم‬

    You might also like