EARTH

AND LIFE
SCIENCE
(GEOLOGICAL AND HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARD)

GROUP 1
REYES,JO ANN
 GEOLOGICAL HAZARD
A geologic hazard is one of several types of adverse geologic conditions capable of
causing damage or loss of property and life. These hazards consist of sudden
phenomena and slow phenomena:

EARTHQUAKES
Sumatra, Indonesia, Dec. 26, 2004
Magnitude 9.1, 227,898 deaths.

This was the third largest earthquake in the world since 1900 and the largest since the 1964
Prince William Sound, Alaska temblor. In total, 227,898 people were killed or were missing and
presumed dead and about 1.7 million people were displaced by the earthquake and subsequent
tsunami in 14 countries in South Asia and East Africa. (In January 2005, the death toll was
286,000. In April 2005, Indonesia reduced its estimate for the number missing by over 50,000.)

Aerial images show the extent of the devastation in Meulaboh

Getty Images / Getty Images

MEULABOH, INDONESIA - DECEMBER 29: In this handout photo taken from a print via the Indonesian Air Force, the scene of devastation in Meulaboh, the town
closest to the Sunday's earthquake epicentre, is pictured from the air on December 29, 2004, Meulaboh, Aceh Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. The western coastal town
in Aceh Province, only 60 kilometres north-east of the epicentre, has been the hardest hit by sunday's underwater earthquake in the Indian Ocean. Officials expected to
find at least 10,000 killed which would amount to a quarter of Meulaboh's population. Three-quarters of Sumatra's western coast was destroyed and some towns were
totally wiped out after the tsunamis that followed the earthquake. (Photo by Indonesian Air Force via Getty Images)

VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Unzen, Japan (1792)
About 15,000 people died in a landslide and tsunami caused by the eruption of Japan’s Mount
Unzen in 1792. The explosion triggered an earthquake, which set off a huge landslide that swept
through the city of Shimabara before reaching the Ariake Sea and creating giant waves. Evidence
of the landslide can still be seen today, more than 220 years since the eruption. In the 1990s,
small eruptions at Mount Unzen ignited fear because of the dense surrounding population.
LANDSLIDE
Haiyuan Flows, Ningxia, China, December 1920 (100,000+ deaths)
The 8.5-magnitude Haiyuan Earthquake was the world’s second deadliest earthquake of the 20th
Century. It generated a series of 675 major loess landslides causing massive destruction to lives
and property. The natural calamity which struck the rural district of Haiyuan on the evening of
December 16, 1920 claimed over 100,000 lives, and severely damaged an area of approximately
20,000 square kilometers. The worst affected areas included the the epicenter of the earthquake
in the Haiyuan County in what is now the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, as well as the
neighboring provinces of Gansu and Shaanxi. Haiyuan County alone lost more than 50% of its
population in the disaster. One of the landslides buried an entire village in Xiji County as well .

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD
 Hydrometeorological hazards are caused by extreme meteorological and climate events, such as
floods, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, landslides, or mudslides. They account for a dominant
fraction of natural hazards and occur in all portions of the world, although the frequency,
intensity, and vulnerability of certain hazards in some regions differ from those in others. Severe
storms, strong winds, floods, and droughts develop at different spatial-temporal scales, but all
can become disasters to cause fatalities and infrastructure damage and claim thousands of lives
annually worldwide. Multiple hazards often concur in one extreme weather event. In addition to
causing injuries, deaths, and material damage, a tropical storm can also result in flooding and
mudslides, which disrupt water purification and sewage disposal systems, cause overflow of
toxic wastes, and increase propagation of mosquito-borne diseases. The increase in the frequency
of extreme events due to acceleration of the global water cycle induces more risks to human
settlements, especially those on floodplains and areas susceptible to landslides, in an era of rapid
population growth.

TROPICAL CYCLONE
Typhoon Yolanda, Philippines (2013)
The deadliest overall tropical cyclone to affect the Philippines is believed to have been the
Haiphong typhoon which is estimated to have killed up to 20,000 people as it passed over the
country in September 1881. In modern meteorological records, the deadliest storm was Typhoon
Yolanda (international name Haiyan), which became the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone
ever recorded as it crossed the Visayas in central Philippines on November 7–8, 2013. The
wettest known tropical cyclone to impact the archipelago was the July 14–18, 1911 cyclone
which dropped over 2,210 millimetres (87 in) of rainfall within a 3-day, 15-hour period in
Baguio.[7] Tropical cyclones usually account for at least 30 percent of the annual rainfall in the
northern Philippines while being responsible for less than 10 percent of the annual rainfall in the
southern islands. PAGASA Senior Weather Specialist Anthony Lucero told the newsite Rappler
that the number of destructive typhoons have increased recently but it is too early to call it a
trend.
FLOOD
1931 Yangtze River Flood
Date: August 18, 1931
Location: China
Death Toll: Estimated 3.7 million

Considered to be one of the worst natural disasters in human history, the great Yangtze River
flood of 1931 was one of the deadliest single events of all time. After a period of extreme
rainfall, the highly populated Yangtze River basin began to flood. The waters would spread to
cover an area of roughly 500-square-miles, forcing half a million people to evacuate.

The biggest killer of this flood wasn't the water, however. Most deaths occurred due to famine
and disease. Rice fields were completely obliterated by the flood, leading to mass starvation in
many cities in southern China. The polluted river water also spread infectious diseases
throughout the population. Typhoid and dysentery ran rampant, and China's government was ill
prepared to deal with the fallout because of an ongoing civil war.

MOONSOON
MANILA, Philippines - Sixty-two people have died while 10 have
gone missing from heavy rains and floods in the Philippines caused by a storm-enhanced
"habagat" or the southwest monsoon, disaster management officials said Friday night.

More than half of the deaths were caused by drowning, latest data from the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) said.
Eleven others died from landslide.
Ten people also remain missing, the NDRRMC said.
The heavy rains and floods have affected almost 2.5 million people in 149 towns and 31 cities in
16 provinces, according to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).
More than 384,000 have sought shelter in evacuation centers, the DSWD said.
Search and rescue operations have helped a total 57,150 people, according to the NDRRMC.
A state of calamity has been declared in the following areas:
Metro Manila: Manila, Marikina, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela, Muntinlupa, San Juan, Pasig,
Pasay, Caloocan, Taguig, and Pateros
REGION I: Pangasinan Province
REGION III: Bataan, Pampanga, Zambales, and Bulacan
REGION IV-A: Laguna, Rizal
REGION IV-B: Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro; Culion, Palawan; El Nido, Palawan;
Linapacan, Palawan
Central Luzon is the hardest-hit area, with floods affecting at least 1,545,380 people.
Around 343,193 people were affected in Metro Manila.
The national government has yet to release estimates on the damage caused by the massive
floods, but the DSWD said P45.3 million worth of relief assistance have been given by the
national and local governments, and non-government organizations for flood victims.

TORNADO OR IPO-IPO
Daulatpur–Saturia tornado
The Daulatpur–Saturia tornado occurred in Manikganj District, Bangladesh on April 26, 1989. It
was the deadliest tornado in Bangladesh's history. There is great uncertainty about the death toll,
but estimates indicate that it was devastating and that it killed approximately 1,300 people, which
would make it the deadliest tornado in history. The tornado affected the cities of Daulatpur and
Saturia the most, moving east through Daulatpur and eventually northeast and into Saturia.
Previously, the area that the tornado hit had been in a state of drought for six months, possibly
generating tornadic conditions.