HEALTH HAZARDS OF

BIOMEDICAL WASTE &

ITS MANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY :- DR.NAVIN KUMAR

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 LET THE WASTE OF THE
“SICK” NOT CONTAMINATE
THE LIVES OF
“THE HEALTHY”.

K.park
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 CONTENTS
DEFINITION

CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BIOMEDICAL WASTE

NEED FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

STEP TO MANAGE HAZARDOUS WASTE

TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

CONCLUSION
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DEFINATION:
ANY WASTE WHICH IS
GENERATED DURING THE
DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT OR
IMMUNIZATION OF HUMAN
BEINGS OR ANIMALS OR IN
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
PERTAINING THERE TO OR IN THE
PRODUCTION OR TESTING OF BIO
MEDICALS.
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 BIOMEDICAL WASTE
HOSPITAL
WASTE

NON-
INFECTIVE INFECTIVE

LIQUID SOLID LIQUID

SOLID

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HEALTHCARE WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
WHO

Healthcare Waste

85% Non-
10% Infectious 5% Hazardous
infectious

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 CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITAL WASTE

Non-Hazardous Waste

Bio-
Potentially Infectious Waste
degradable

Dressings,
swabs,
laboratory
Potentially Toxic Waste
wastes,
Non bio- instruments
used in Radioactive Chemical Pharmaceutical
degradable
patient care..

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TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE

Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste

Category No. 2 Animal Waste

Microbiology & Biotechnology
Category No. 3
Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic
Category No. 5
drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste

Category No. 7 Solid Waste

Category No. 8 Liquid Waste

Category No. 9 Incineration Ash

Category No.10 Chemical Waste

 Chemical • Lab reagents
waste • Film developer
• Expired disinfectants
• Expired solvents
 Waste with • Batteries
high content of • Broken thermometers
heavy metals • Blood pressure guages etc
• Gas cylinders
 Pressurized • Gas catridges
containers • Aerosol cans
• Radiotherapy/lab research liquids
 Radioactive • Contaminated glass wares, packages,
waste absorbent papers
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 Sharp waste • Needles
• Infusion Sets
• Scalpels
• Knives Blades
• Broken Glass
 Pharmaceutical • Expired Pharmaceuticals
waste • Contaminated Pharmaceuticals
• Banned Pharmaceuticals
 Genotoxic waste • Waste Containing Cytotoxic
Drugs(often Used In Cancer
Therapy)
• Genotoxic Chemicals

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 HISTORY OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
August 13, 1987, prompted expansive closures of
numerous New Jersey and New York beaches due to
a “30-mile garbage slick” composed primarily
of medical and household wastes because of illegal
disposal of the waste
private waste contractors to dump illegally to avoid
high fees.
Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 (MWTA).

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NEED FOR BMW MANAGMENT
 Nosocomial infections in patients from poor
infection control practices and poor waste
management.
 Drugs which have been disposed of, being
repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
 Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due
to waste, or due to defective incineration
emissions and ash.
 Risk of infection outside hospital for waste
handlers and scavengers, other peoples.
 CATEGORIES OF PERSONS
EXPOSED TO RISK OF INFECTION

Patients

Medical &
Paramedical
staff
Sanitation
workers

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 ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
Inhalation of
dust particles
containing
germs

Intact or non
intact skin,
mucous
membranes
By ingestion
(contaminated
unwashed hands,
contaminated food
stuffs, water etc)

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 PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMW
ORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM
VIRUSES AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis, Infected needles, body
HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis Infectious Hepatitis, Fluids, Human excreta, soiled
A,C, Arboviruses, Dengue, Japanese linen, Blood, body fluids.
Enteroviruses encephalitis, tick-borne
fevers, etc.

BACTERIA Typhoid, Cholera, Tetanus Human excreta and

Salmonella typhi, Wound infections, body fluid in landfills and
Vibrio cholerae, septicemia, rheumatic hospital wards, Sharps such
Clostridium Tetani, fever, endocarditis, skin as needles, surgical blades in
Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and soft tissue infections hospital waste.

PARASITES Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Human excreta, blood and

Wucheraria Bancrofti, Kala Azar, Malaria body fluids in poorly
Plasmodium managed sewage system of
hospitals.
 WASTE CONSUMER

IMPROPER COLLECTED SMALL SCRAP

RECYCLE FACTORY UNITS
DISPOSAL BY ULB DEALERS
(KAWARIWALLAH)

WHOLESALE DEALER OR
LARGE SCRAP DEALER

LANDFILLS OR
DUMPING GROUNDS

RAG PICKERS
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 BIOMEDICAL
WASTE

PLANNING ORGANZING IMPLEMENTING

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 WASTE HIERARCHY PYRAMID

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 BMW
Begin a system

Make it effective

Work for its success

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 OBJECTIVE OF BMW MANAGEMENT
• TO MINIMIZE THE PRODUCTION/GENERATION OF
INFECTIVE WASTE.
• RECYCLE THE WASTE AFTER TREATING TO THE
EXTENT POSSIBLE.
• TREAT THE WASTE BY SAFE AND ENVIORNMENT
FRIENDLY/ACCEPTABLE METHODS.
• ADEQUATE CARE IN HANDLING TO PREVENT
HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS.
• SEFTY PRECAUTIONS DURING HANDLING THE
BMW.
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 COLOUR CODING OF BAGS
CATEGORIES- 5,9 CATEGORIES- 3,6
AND 10 (SOLID) AND 7

SEGREGATION

CATEGORIES- CATEGORIES- 4
1,2,3 AND 6 AND 7
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COLOR TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE TREATMENT
CODE CATEGORY OPTIONS
Yellow Plastic bags 1, 2, 3 and 6 Incineration/deep burial

Red Disinfected container/plastic 3, 6 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro

bag Waving/Chemical
treatment

Blue/white Plastic bags/puncture proof 4&7 Autoclaving/Micro

transparent container waving/chemical
treatment, Destruction &
shredding

Black Plastic bag 5, & 9, AND Disposal in secured land

10 (SOLID) fills

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 INSPECTION & RE-SEGREGATION

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 LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL
WASTE CONTAINERS/BAGS
BIOHAZARD SYMBOL CYTOTOXIC HAZARD SYMBOL

BIOHAZARD CYTOTOXIC
HANDLE WITH CARE

Note : Label shall be non-washable and prominently visible.

 THERMAL PROCESSES

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 MECHANICAL PROCESSES

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 INCINERATION

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BIO MEDICAL WASTES DESTRUCTION BY
DOUBLE CHAMBERED INCINERATOR

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 INCINERATOR ASH DISPOSAL

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 AUTOCLAVE

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BIO MEDICAL PLASTIC WASTES DISINFECTION
BY SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

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SHARP STORAGE & DISPOSAL
LAND DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR CITIES & TOWNS
WITH POPULATION LESS THAN 5 LACS
 BIO MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
THIS RULE APPLIES TO THOSE WHO
GENERATE, COLLECT, RECEIVE, STORE,
DISPOSE, TREAT OR HANDLE BIO
MEDICAL WASTE IN ANY MANNER.

BIOMEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND

HANDLING) RULE 1998, PRESCRIBED BY
THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND
FORESTS, GOVT OF INDIA, CAME INTO
FORCE ON 20TH JULY 1998.
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• THUS BIO MEDICAL WASTE
SHOULD BE SEGREGATED INTO
CONTAINERS/BAGS AT THE POINT
OF GENERATION OF WASTE.

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UNDER ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT,1998

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (Management & handling) RULES 1998

1st Amendment Rules vide S.O.201(E) Dated 06/03/2000
2ndAmendment Rules vide S.O.1069(E) Dated 17/09/2003

• THE AUTHORIZATION IS REQUIRED FOR

 Generation/Collection/Reception/Storage
 Transportation
 Treatment/Disposal
 or any other form of handling.
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ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1998
 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 2000
 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1989
 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981
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 CONCLUSION
• Thus refuse disposal cannot be solved without
public education.
• Individual participation is required.
• Municipality and government should pay
importance to disposal of waste economically.
• Thus educating and motivating oneself first is
important and then preach others about it.
• Start disposing waste first from within your
home, then outside home, then neighborhood
,then your street, your area ,city and then the
nation and the world.
• Lets make this world a better place to live
in. 45