COMPUTER

SOFTWARES FOR
ARCHITECTURE
AUTO CAD
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design
(CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and
marketed by Autodesk,[1]AutoCAD was first released in
December 1982 as a desktop app running
on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.[2] Before
AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran
on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD
operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.[3] Since
2010, AutoCAD was released as a mobile- and web app as
well, marketed as AutoCAD 360.
AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by
architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, and
many other professionals. It was supported by 750 training
centers worldwide in 1994.[1]

HistorY
AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and
released in 1979[4] called Interact CAD, also referred to in early
Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to
Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by
Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle.[5][6]
The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the
1982 Comdex and released that December.[7] As Autodesk's
flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the
most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide.[8] The 2018 release
marked the 32nd major release of AutoCAD for Windows. The
2014 release marked the fourth consecutive year of AutoCAD
for Mac.

Language
Auto CAD and AutoCAD LT are available
for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, C
hinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian
Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian, Alb
anian (also through additional language packs).[19] The
extent of localization varies from full translation of the
product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command
set is localized as a part of the software localization.
AutoCAD Architecture
Main article: AutoCAD Architecture
AutoCAD Architecture (abbreviated as ACA) is a version of
AutoCAD with tools and functions specially suited
to architectural work.

SKETCH-UP
SketchUp, formerly Google Sketchup, is a 3D
modeling computer program for a wide range of drawing
applications such as architectural, interior design, landscape
architecture, civil and mechanical engineering, film and video
game design. It is available as a freeware version, SketchUp
Make, and a paid version with additional
functionality, SketchUp Pro.
SketchUp is owned by Trimble Inc.,[1][4] a mapping, surveying
and navigation equipment company.[5] There is an online library
of free model assemblies (e.g. windows, doors,
automobiles), 3D Warehouse, to which users may contribute
models. The program includes drawing layout functionality,
allows surface rendering in variable "styles", supports third-
party "plug-in" programs hosted on a site called Extension
Warehouse to provide other capabilities (e.g. near photo-
realistic rendering) and enables placement of its models
within Google Earth.[6

History
SketchUp was developed by startup company @Last Software
of Boulder, Colorado, co-founded in 1999 by Brad Schell and
Joe Esch.[7][8]
SketchUp debuted in August 2000 as a general-purpose 3D
content creation tool and was envisioned as a software
program "that would allow design professionals to draw the way
they want by emulating the feel and freedom of working with
pen and paper in a simple and elegant interface, that would be
fun to use and easy to learn and that would be used by
designers to play with their designs in a way that is not possible
with traditional design software. It also has user friendly buttons
to make it easier to use."[3]
The program won a Community Choice Award at its first
tradeshow in 2000.[9

Software extensions
SketchUp 4 and later support software extensions written in
the Ruby programming language, which add specialized
functionality. Many such extensions are available to others on
the Trimble Extension Warehouse.[21] SketchUp has a Ruby
console, an environment which allows experimentation with
Ruby.[22]

Pro
SketchUp Pro includes the functionality of SketchUp Make plus
importers and exporters to common 2D and 3D formats, access
to LayOut (2D documentation software) and Style Builder
(create custom edge styles for SketchUp models).[17] SketchUp
Pro 2016 has native integration with Trimble Connect, treat 3D
Warehouse models as references, a totally rebuilt Generate
Report and now LayOut offers web-friendly reference objects
as well as a new LayOut API.[18]
SketchUp Pro licensing is cross-platform and works on both
Windows and Mac machines.

3DS MAX
Autodesk 3ds Max, formerly 3D Studio and 3D Studio Max,
is a professional 3D computer graphics program for making 3D
animations, models, games and images. It is developed and
produced by Autodesk Media and Entertainment.[1] It has
modeling capabilities and a flexible pluginarchitecture and can
be used on the Microsoft Windows platform. It is frequently
used by video game developers, many TV commercial studios
and architectural visualization studios. It is also used for movie
effects and movie pre-visualization. For its modeling and
animation tools, the latest version of 3ds Max also
features shaders (such as ambient occlusion and subsurface
scattering), dynamic simulation, particle
systems, radiosity, normal map creation and rendering, global
illumination, a customizable user interface, new icons, and its
own scripting language.[2

History
The original 3D Studio product was created for the DOS
platform by Gary Yost and the Yost Group, and published by
Autodesk. The release of 3D Studio made Autodesk's previous
3D rendering package AutoShade obsolete. After 3D Studio
DOS Release 4, the product was rewritten for the Windows NT
platform, and renamed "3D Studio MAX". This version was also
originally created by the Yost Group. It was released by Kinetix,
which was at that time Autodesk's division of media and
entertainment.
Autodesk purchased the product at the second release update
of the 3D Studio MAX version and internalized development
entirely over the next two releases. Later, the product name
was changed to "3ds max" (all lower case) to better comply
with the naming conventions of Discreet, a Montreal-based
software company which Autodesk had purchased.
When it was re-released (release 7), the product was again
branded with the Autodesk logo, and the short name was again
changed to "3ds Max" (upper and lower case), while the formal
product name became the current "Autodesk 3ds Max".[3]

Hardware
Version Codename Year Operating system
platform

3D Studio 198 MS-DOS 16-bit x86

THUD
Prototype 8

199
3D Studio THUD
0

199
3D Studio 2
2

3D Studio 3 199
 3

199
3D Studio 4
4

3D Studio MAX 199

Jaguar Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0
1.0 6

3D Studio MAX 199

Athena Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0
R2 7

3D Studio MAX 199

Shiva Windows 98 and Windows NT 4.0
R3 9

Discreet 200 Windows 98, Windows

Magma
3dsmax 4 0 ME, Windows 2000[4]
IA-32
Discreet 200
Luna
3dsmax 5 2

Discreet 200
Granite
3dsmax 6 3

Discreet 200
Catalyst Windows 2000 and Windows XP
3dsmax 7 4

Autodesk 3ds 200

Vesper
Max 8 5

Autodesk 3ds 200 IA-32 and x64

Makalu
Max 9 6

Autodesk 3ds Gouda 200 Windows XP and Windows Vista

Max 2008 7
 Autodesk 3ds 200
Johnson
Max 2009 8

Autodesk 3ds 200

Renoir
Max 2010 9

Autodesk 3ds 201

Zelda
Max 2011 0
Windows XP, Windows
Vista and Windows 7
Autodesk 3ds Excalibur / 201
Max 2012 Rampage 1

Autodesk 3ds 201

SimCity Windows XP and Windows 7
Max 2013 2

Autodesk 3ds 201

Tekken Windows 7
Max 2014 3

Autodesk 3ds 201

Elwood Windows 7 and Windows 8
Max 2015 4

Autodesk 3ds 201 Windows 7, Windows

Phoenix x64
Max 2016 5 8 and Windows 8.1

Autodesk 3ds 201 Windows 7, Windows 8， Windows

Kirin
Max 2017 6 8.1 and Windows 10

Autodesk 3ds 201 Windows 7, Windows 8， Windows

Imoogi
Max 2018 7 8.1 and Windows 10

ADOBE INDESIGN
Adobe InDesign is a desktop
publishing software application produced by Adobe Systems. It
can be used to create works such as posters, flyers, brochures,
magazines, newspapers, presentations, books and ebooks.
InDesign can also publish content suitable for tablet devices in
conjunction with Adobe Digital Publishing Suite. Graphic
designers and production artists are the principal users,
creating and laying out periodical publications, posters, and
print media. It also supports export to EPUB and SWF formats
to create e-books and digital publications, including digital
magazines, and content suitable for consumption on tablet
computers. In addition, InDesign supports XML, style sheets,
and other coding markup, making it suitable for exporting
tagged text content for use in other digital and online formats.
The Adobe InCopy word processor uses the same formatting
engine as InDesign.
Server version

Adobe InDesign Server

In October 2005, Adobe released InDesign Server CS2, a
modified version of InDesign (without user interface) for
Windows and Macintosh server platforms. It does not provide
any editing client; rather it is for use by developers in creating
client-server solutions with the InDesign plug-in technology.[8] In
March 2007 Adobe officially announced Adobe InDesign CS3
Server as part of the Adobe InDesign family.
InDesign and Leopard
InDesign CS3 initially had a serious compatibility issue with
Leopard (Mac OS X 10.5), as Adobe stated: "InDesign CS3
may unexpectedly quit when using the Place, Save, Save As or
Export commands using either the OS or Adobe dialog boxes.
Unfortunately, there are no workarounds for these known
issues."[6] Apple fixed this with their OS X 10.5.4 update.[7]
History
InDesign is the successor to Adobe PageMaker, which was
acquired by Adobe with the purchase of Aldus in late 1994.
(Freehand, a competitor to Adobe Illustrator and also made by
Aldus, was sold to Altsys, the maker of Fontographer.) By 1998
PageMaker had lost almost the entire professional market to
the comparatively feature-rich QuarkXPress 3.3, released in
1992, and 4.0, released in 1996. Quark stated its intention to
buy out Adobe[3] and to divest the combined company of
PageMaker to avoid anti-trust issues.
Adobe rebuffed the offer and instead continued to work on a
new page layout application. The project had been started by
Aldus and was code-named "Shuksan". It was later code-
named "K2" and was released as InDesign 1.0 in 2000.
In 2002, InDesign was the first Mac OS X-native desktop
publishing (DTP) software. In version 3 (InDesign CS) it
received a boost in distribution by being bundled with
Photoshop, Illustrator, and Acrobat in the Creative Suite.
Adobe developed InDesign CS3 (and Creative Suite 3)
as universal binary software compatible with
native Intel and PowerPC Mac machines in 2007, two years
after the announced 2005 schedule, inconveniencing Intel-Mac
early-adopters. Adobe CEO Bruce Chizen had announced that
"Adobe will be first with a complete line of universal
applications".[5] The CS2 Mac version had code tightly
integrated to the PPC architecture, and not natively compatible
with the Intel processors in Apple's new machines, so porting
the products to another platform was more difficult than had
been anticipated. Adobe developed the CS3 application
integrating Macromedia products (2005), rather than
recompiling CS2 and simultaneously developing CS3.

AUTODESK REVIT
Autodesk Revit is building information modeling software for
architects, landscape architects, structural engineers, MEP
engineers, designers and contractors developed by Autodesk.
It allows users to design a building and structure and its
components in 3D, annotate the model with 2D drafting
elements, and access building information from the building
model's database. Revit is 4D BIM capable with tools to plan
and track various stages in the building's lifecycle, from concept
to construction and later maintenance and/or demolition.

History
Charles River Software was founded in Newton,
Massachusetts, on October 31, 1997, by Leonid Raiz and Irwin
Jungreis, key developers of PTC's Pro/Engineer software for
mechanical design, with the intent of bringing the power
of parametric modeling to the building industry (PTC had
previously tried and failed to market its recently
acquired Reflex software to the construction sector).[1] With
funding from venture capitalists Atlas Venture and North Bridge
Venture Partners, Raiz and Jungreis hired several software
developers and architects and began developing Revit in C+
+ on the Microsoft Windows platform. In 1999 they hired Dave
Lemont as CEO and recruited board members Jon Hirschtick,
founder of SolidWorks, and Arol Wolford, founder of CMD
Group.

Use and Implementation

Revit can be used as a very powerful collaboration tool
between different disciplines in the building design sphere. The
different disciplines that use Revit approach the program from
unique perspectives. Each of these perspectives is focused on
completing that discipline's task. Companies that adopt the
software first examine the existing work flow process to
determine if such an elaborate collaboration tool is required.

Modelling
The Revit work environment allows users to manipulate whole
buildings or assemblies (in the project environment) or
individual 3D shapes (in the family editor environment).
Modeling tools can be used with pre-made solid objects or
imported geometric models. However, Revit is not
a NURBS modeller and also lacks the ability to manipulate an
object's individual polygons except on some specific object
types such as roofs, slabs and terrain or in the massing
environment.
Rendering
When a user makes a building, model, or any other kind of
object in Revit, they may use Revit's rendering engine to make
a more realistic image of what is otherwise a very diagrammatic
model. This is accomplished by either using the premade
model, wall, floor, etc., tools, or making her or his own models,
walls, materials, etc. Revit 2010 comes with a plethora of
predefined materials, each of which can be modified to the
user's desires. The user can also begin with a "Generic"
material. With this, the user can set the rotation, size,
brightness, and intensity of textures, gloss maps (also known
as shinemaps), transparency maps, reflection maps, oblique
reflection maps, hole maps, and bump maps, as well as leaving
the map part out and just using the sliders for any one (or all or
none) of the aforementioned features of textures.
Cloud-based rendering with the experimental plug-in dubbed
Project Neon, located on Autodesk Labs is in the beta phases
and allows for the user to render their images through their
Autodesk account instead of locally through their own
computers. Revit models may also be linked directly
into Autodesk 3ds Max (release 2013 and later) for more
advanced rendering and animation projects with much of their
material and object information maintained.

V-RAY
V-Ray is a computer-generated imagery rendering software
application developed by the Bulgarian company Chaos Group
(Bulgarian: Хаос Груп), that was established in Sofia in 1997.
V-Ray is commercial plug-in for third-party 3D computer
graphics software applications and is used for visualizations
and computer graphics in industries such as media,
entertainment, film and video game production, industrial
design, product designand architecture.[1] The company chief
architects are Peter Mitev and Vladimir Koylazov.

PHOTOSHOP
Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and
published by Adobe Systems for macOS and Windows.
Photoshop was created in 1988 by Thomas and John Knoll.
Since then, it has become the de facto industry standard
in raster graphicsediting, such that the word "photoshop" has
become a verb as in "to Photoshop an image," "photoshopping"
and "photoshop contest", though Adobe discourages such use.
[4]
 It can edit and compose raster images in multiple layers and
supports masks, alpha compositing and several color
models including RGB, CMYK, CIELAB, spot
color and duotone. Photoshop has vast support for graphic file
formats but also uses its own  PSD  and  PSB  file formats which
support all the aforementioned features. In addition to raster
graphics, it has limited abilities to edit or render text, vector
graphics (especially through clipping path), 3D
graphics and video. Photoshop's feature set can be expanded
by Photoshop plug-ins, programs developed and distributed
independently of Photoshop that can run inside it and offer new
or enhanced features.
Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version
numbers. However, in October 2002, following the introduction
of Creative Suitebranding, each new version of Photoshop was
designated with "CS" plus a number; e.g., the eighth major
version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS and the ninth major
version was Photoshop CS2. Photoshop CS3 through CS6
were also distributed in two different editions: Standard and
Extended. In June 2013, with the introduction of Creative
Cloud branding, Photoshop's licensing scheme was changed to
that of software as a service rental model and the "CS" suffixes
were replaced with "CC". Historically, Photoshop was bundled
with additional software such as Adobe ImageReady, Adobe
Fireworks, Adobe Bridge, Adobe Device Central and Adobe
Camera RAW.
Alongside Photoshop, Adobe also develops and
publishes Photoshop Elements, Photoshop
Lightroom, Photoshop Express and Photoshop Touch.
Collectively, they are branded as "The Adobe Photoshop
Family". It is currently a licensed software.

Early history
Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers
Thomas and John Knoll, who sold the distribution license to
Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988. Thomas Knoll, a PhD
student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program
on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a
monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the
attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light &
Magic employee, who recommended that Thomas turn it into a
full-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six-month
break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on
the program. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but the
name was already taken.[5] Later that year, Thomas renamed
his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with
scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the
program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of
Photoshop were shipped" this way.[6]

Photoshop tools
Upon loading Photoshop, a sidebar with a variety of tools with
multiple image-editing functions appears to the left of the
screen. These tools typically fall under the categories
of drawing; painting; measuring and
navigation; selection; typing; and retouching.[21] Some tools
contain a small triangle in the bottom right of the toolbox icon.
These can be expanded to reveal similar tools.[22] While newer
versions of Photoshop are updated to include new tools and
features, several recurring tools that exist in most versions are
discussed below.
Pen tool
Clone Stamp Tool
Shape tools
Measuring and navigation
Selection tools
Cropping
Slicing
Moving
Marquee
Lasso
Magic wand
Eraser
Video editing
3D extrusion
Mobile integration
Camera Raw
3D printing tools
Color replacement tool
Photoshop disasters
For comedic effect, some websites publish so-
called Photoshop disasters, that is, pictures that contain
obvious Photoshop mistakes. Those mistakes range from
missing limbs to overdone photo retouching on fashion models.
Photoshop contest
Main article: Photoshop contest
A Photoshop contest is an online game in which someone
posts an image, and other people manipulate the image using
a raster graphics editor such as Photoshop.
ILLUSTRATOR
Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor developed and
marketed by Adobe Systems. The latest version, Illustrator CC
2018, is the 22nd generation in the product line.

History
Development of Adobe Illustrator for
the Apple Macintosh began in 1985[1] (shipping in January
1987) as a commercialization of Adobe's in-
house font development software and PostScript file format.
Adobe Illustrator is the companion product of Adobe
Photoshop. Photoshop is primarily geared toward digital
photo manipulation and photorealistic styles of computer
illustration, while Illustrator provides results in
the typesetting and logo graphic areas of design. Early
magazine advertisements (featured in graphic design trade
magazines such as Communication Arts) referred to the
product as "the Adobe Illustrator". Illustrator 88, the product
name for version 1.7,[2] was released in 1988 and introduced
many new tools and features.[3]
Byte in 1989 listed Illustrator 88 as among the "Distinction"
winners of the Byte Awards, stating that with it Adobe had
"pulled ahead" of Aldus FreeHand.[4]mode and users needed to
have two windows open on their desktop in order to have a live
preview of their work. One window to show the work in
progress, the other window to show a preview of the work in
progress.

RHINOCEROS
Rhinoceros (typically abbreviated Rhino, or Rhino3D) is
a commercial 3D computer graphics and computer-aided
design (CAD)application software. Rhino 3D was developed
by Robert McNeel & Associates, an American, privately-
held, employee-owned companyfounded in 1980. Rhinoceros
geometry is based on the NURBS mathematical model, which
focuses on producing mathematically precise representation of
curves and freeform surfaces in computer graphics (as
opposed to polygon mesh-based applications).
Rhinoceros is used in processes of computer-aided design
(CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), rapid
prototyping, 3D printingand reverse engineering in industries
including architecture, industrial design (e.g. automotive
design, watercraft design), product design (e.g. jewelry design)
as well as for multimedia and graphic design.[2]

Characteristics
Rhinoceros is primarily a free form surface modeler that utilizes
the NURBS mathematical model. Rhinoceros' application
architecture and open SDK makes it modular and enables the
user to customize the interface and create custom commands
and menus. There are dozens of plug-ins available from both
McNeel and other software companies that complement and
expand Rhinoceros' capabilities in specific fields like rendering
and animation, architecture, marine, jewelry, engineering,
prototyping, and others.[3]

LUMION
Lumion is targeted at architectural realtime visualisation. The
demo movies have a quite impressive quality. The application
comes with a lot of content like trees, billboard people, cars,
landscape buildings etc. In their interface they allow to populate
a scene with simple drag and drop proceduers. Have a look at
the demo videos, its quite fun.
Lumion now offers a limited free version, for this reason this
renderer will appear in the "free" section too. Of course there
are some limitations in this release, and to be honest, it seems
that these limitations are serious. Watermarks, material
limitations, object limitations etc. Thats a lot limitations. But it
may good enough to decide if the program is appropriate for
your needs or not..