21 0 Supreme Court Reports Annotated: Tio vs. Videogram Regulatory Board
21 0 Supreme Court Reports Annotated: Tio vs. Videogram Regulatory Board
21 0 Supreme Court Reports Annotated: Tio vs. Videogram Regulatory Board
livelihood, but also provide an additional complied with if the title be comprehensive
source of revenue for the Government, enough to include the general purpose which a
and at the same time rationalize the statute seeks to achieve. It is not necessary that
heretofore uncontrolled distribution of the title express each and every end that the
videograms; statute wishes to accomplish. The requirement is
6. “6.WHEREAS, the rampant and satisfied if all the parts of the statute are related,
unregulated showing of obscene and are germane to the subject matter expressed
videogram features constitutes a clear in the title, or as long as they are not inconsistent
and present danger to the moral and with or foreign to the general subject and
spiritual well-being of the youth, and title. An act having a
2
laws;
that the constitutional requirement as to the title
2. “8.WHEREAS, in the face of these grave
of a bill should not be so narrowly construed as to
emergencies corroding the moral values
cripple or impede the power of legislation. It 4
Preamble and reasonably covers all its provisions. the state’s police power.13
limited period, the heads or personnel of such “x x x it is now well settled that ‘there is no
agencies and units to perform enforcement constitutional objection to the passage of a law
functions for the Board” is not a delegation of the providing that the presumption of innocence may be
power to legislate but merely a conferment of overcome by a contrary presumption founded upon
the experience of human conduct, and enacting what
authority or discretion as to its execution,
evidence shall be sufficient to overcome such
enforcement, and implementation. “The true presumption of innocence’ (People vs. Mingoa, 92
distinction is between the delegation of power to Phil. 856 [1953] at 858–59, citing 1 COOLEY, A
make the law, which necessarily involves a TREATISE ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL
discretion as to what it shall be, and conferring LIMITATIONS, 639–641). And the ‘legislature may
authority or discretion as to its execution to be enact that when certain facts have been proved that
exercised under and in pursuance of the law. The they shall be prima facie evidence of the existence of
first cannot be done; to the latter, no valid the guilt of the accused and shift the burden of proof
objection can be made." Besides, in the very
14 provided there be a rational connection between the
language of the decree, the authority of the facts proved and the ultimate facts presumed so that
BOARD to solicit such assistance is for a “fixed the inference of the one from proof of the others is not
unreasonable and arbitrary because of lack of
and limited period” with the deputized agencies
connection between the two in common experience’.” 16
220
220 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED
People vs. Salcedo
substitute its own. If there be adherence to the rule of
law, as there ought to be, the last offender should be
courts of justice, to which rightly litigants submit their
controversy precisely to maintain unimpaired the
supremacy of legal norms and prescriptions. The
attack on the validity of the challenged provision
likewise insofar as there may be objections, even if
valid and cogent, on its wisdom cannot be sustained.” 18