Engineering Encyclopedia

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Structural Steel Codes And Standards

Note: The source of the technical material in this volume is the Professional
Engineering Development Program (PEDP) of Engineering Services.
Warning: The material contained in this document was developed for Saudi
Aramco and is intended for the exclusive use of Saudi Aramco’s
employees. Any material contained in this document which is not
already in the public domain may not be copied, reproduced, sold, given,
or disclosed to third parties, or otherwise used in whole, or in part,
without the written permission of the Vice President, Engineering
Services, Saudi Aramco.

Chapter : Structural, On-Shore For additional information on this subject, contact

File Reference: CSE10902 C. C. Baldwin on 873-1567
Engineering Encyclopedia Structural, On-Shore
Structural Steel Codes and Standards

CONTENTS PAGES

APPLICATION OF STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ........................................................... 1

Applicable Standards and Publications ............................................................................... 1
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) .................................................. 1
Saudi Aramco Standards ....................................................................................... 1
Manuals and References ..................................................................................................... 3
AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction.................................................................. 3
AISC Engineering for Steel Construction ............................................................. 3
Structural Steel Manufacturers’ Design Manuals and Design Aids ....................... 5
DETERMINING THE PROPERTIES OF STEEL MEMBERS AND CAPACITIES OF
BEAMS AND COLUMNS .............................................................................................................. 6
Part 1, Dimensions and Properties ...................................................................................... 6

Part 2, Beam and Girder Design ......................................................................................... 6

Part 3, Column Design........................................................................................................ 6

Part 4, Connections ............................................................................................................. 7

Part 6, Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Tables......................................................... 7

Part 7, Symbols and Index .................................................................................................. 7

SELECTING APPROPRIATE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL
TYPES.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: ASD and PD ................................................ 8

AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges ........................ 9
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts .................. 9
APPLYING SELECTED AISC-REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS............................................ 11
ASTM (Materials)............................................................................................................. 11
ANSI A58.1, "Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads
in Buildings and Other Structures (Loads)" ........................................................ 11
AWS D1.1, "Structural Welding Code, Steel" .................................................... 13
AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural
Members ............................................................................................................. 13
APPLYING SELECTED SAUDI ARAMCO STEEL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS,
STANDARDS, AND SPECIFICATIONS...................................................................................... 14
SAES-M-100, "Saudi Aramco Building Code" ................................................................ 14

SAES-M-001, "Basic Criteria for Miscellaneous Steel Structures" .................................. 14

12-SAMSS-007, "Miscellaneous Steel Structures"........................................................... 14

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WORK AID 1: PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING PROPERTIES OF STEEL

MEMBERS AND CAPACITIES OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS .................. 16
Work Aid 1A: Procedures for Using Dimensions and Properties Tables ......................... 16

Work Aid 1B: Procedures for Using Beam and Girder Design Tables ............................ 17

Work Aid 1C: Procedures for Using Column Design Tables .......................................... 18
WORK AID 2: STRUCTURAL STEEL CODES AND STANDARDS ................................... 19
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................... 20

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application of standards AND PUBLICATIONS

Applicable Standards and Publications

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

AISC is a professional organization for the fabricated steel industry. The institute publishes manuals,
textbooks, specifications, and technical booklets.
The AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction for (1) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Plastic Design (PD)
(Red and Green books) and (2) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) (Blue book) are the most
commonly used AISC publications.
Manual(s) of Steel Construction - Each of these manuals contains the following specifications and codes:
• Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

• AISC Code of Standard Practice

• Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts

These publications provide a uniform practice for the design of steel-framed buildings. They provide design
criteria for routine use, but they are not intended to cover problems that occur infrequently in the full range of
structural design.
The manuals also provide information on the basis and limitations of the various provisions of the design
specifications so that designers, fabricators, and erectors can make proper use of the specifications.
Saudi Aramco Standards
The Saudi Aramco Standards are generally modifications to industry standards that have been adopted by Saudi
Aramco. These modifications reflect requirements specific to Saudi Aramco construction needs.
SAES-M-100, "Saudi Aramco Building Code" - The Saudi Aramco Building Code (SABC) is made up of the
Uniform Building Code (UBC) in its entirety, except as modified by SABC.

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The purpose of the SABC is to provide minimum standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property, and
public welfare. The SABC accomplishes this by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of
materials, use and occupancy, and location and maintenance of all buildings and structures within Saudi
Aramco jurisdiction.
The provisions of the SABC apply to the construction, alteration, moving, demolition, repair, and use of any
building within Saudi Aramco jurisdiction. Excluded from these provisions are work located primarily in a
public way, public utility towers and poles, and mechanical equipment not specifically regulated in this code.
SAES-M-100 is composed of numerous publications and standards. In addition to specific Saudi
Aramco engineering standards and specifications, the following organizations have publications
referenced and included as part of SAES-M-100.

• American Concrete Institute (ACI)

• American Institute for Steel Construction (AISC)

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

• American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)

• Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO)

For a complete list of the specific publications, refer to SAES-M-100, Section C.

SAES-M-001, "Basic Criteria for Miscellaneous Steel Structures" - This standard covers mandatory
requirements governing the design of all steel structures except buildings, communication towers, and offshore
structures.
Section 4 of this standard provides guidance in selecting the appropriate design criteria, including loading
requirements.
In addition to specific Saudi Aramco engineering standards, the following organizations have referenced
publications included as part of SAES-M-001:
• American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

• American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)

• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

For a complete list of the specific publications, refer to SAES-M-001, Section 4.

12-SAMSS-007, "Miscellaneous Steel Structures" - This specification defines the requirements for design,
material selection, shop fabrication, marking for erection, and erection of steel structures. Excluded from this
specification are offshore structures and structural steel buildings.
In addition to specific Saudi Aramco engineering standards, the following organizations have publications
referenced and included as part of 12-SAMSS-007:
• American Welding Society (AWS)

• Steel Structures Paint Council (SSPC)

• United States Federal Communications Commission (U.S. FCC)

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• Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)

• American Petroleum Institute (API)

• American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)

• American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

For a complete list of the specific publications, refer to 12-SAMSS-007, Part II.
Manuals and References

AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction

“Red” or “Green” Book - The AISC Manual of Steel Construction for ASD and PD is also referred to as the
Red or Green book. The Red book is the 8th edition; the Green book is the 9th and most current edition. This
manual provides structural steel data, details, and design criteria for ASD and PD. Although the Red and Green
books are similar, there have been some changes in organization in addition to new and updated provisions
provided in the Green book.
The manual consists of the following seven parts:
1. Dimensions and Properties

2. Beam and Girder Design

3. Column Design

4. Connections

5. Specifications and Codes

6. Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Tables

7. Symbols and Index

A more detailed discussion of these parts is presented later in this module.

Part 5, Specifications and Codes, provides specific design criteria and limitations for the application of ASD
and PD principles.
“Blue” Book - The Manual of Steel Construction, first edition, for LRFD is commonly referred to as the “Blue
Book.” This manual provides structural steel data, details, and design criteria for LRFD. It is organized into
sections, similar to the Green book.
Part 6, Specifications and Codes, provides design criteria and limitations for the application of LRFD.
AISC Engineering for Steel Construction
This manual provides information for the design and detailing of structural steel connections and details. Both
bolted and welded connections are considered. Design procedures are included for the following types of
construction:
• Simple shear connections

• Moment connections

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• Skewed connections

• Column base and splice connections

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Structural Steel Manufacturers’ Design Manuals and Design Aids

To aid the designer, various manufacturers of steel products publish catalogs or manuals about their products.
These publications include tables with dimensioning and properties data similar to those found in the AISC
manuals. Products from these manufacturers are typically limited to architectural applications.

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Determining THE Properties of steel members and capacities of beams and

columns
The following information covers the contents of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction (Green book). The
manual consists of seven parts, each of which is organized to present the data in a logical manner. Part 5 of the
manual is covered later in this module.
Part 1, Dimensions and Properties
Part 1 contains information on structural shapes, structural tees, double angles, combination sections, and steel
pipe and structural tubing. This part of the manual contains tables providing the dimensions and properties of
the various section types and sizes.

Sample Problem: Finding the Dimensions and Properties of a Section

Given:
For a W 12 x 50 section, find the dimensions and properties.

Solution:
Reference AISC Manual of Steel Construction, 9th edition, Part 1, pp. 1-28 and 1-29, and Work Aid 1A. Select
the W 12 x 50 entry.

Answer:
Record the dimensions and properties of the member.
Part 2, Beam and Girder Design
Part 2 of the manual contains selection tables for ASD and PD methods of beam selection. These tables are
presented for the W and M shapes only. Part 2 also provides tables of allowable loads for W, M, and S shapes
and channels (C, MC) used as beams. Charts for determining the allowable bending moments of W and M
shapes are also included. The last section of Part 2 contains beam diagrams and formulas for various loading
conditions.

Sample Problem: Finding the Allowable Uniform Load for a Beam

Given:
Determine the allowable uniform load for a W 12 x 50 beam with a span of 20 ft. The beam is simply
supported at its ends and is laterally supported. Use Fy = 36 ksi steel.

Solution:
Reference AISC Manual of Steel Construction, 9th edition, Part 2, p. 2-68, and Work Aid 1B. Select the W 12
x 50 entry.

Answer:
The allowable uniform load = 51 kips.
Part 3, Column Design
Part 3 of the manual contains tables of allowable stresses for compression members and tables of allowable
concentric loads on columns for a variety of section types and sizes.

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Sample Problem: Finding the Allowable Axial Load for a Column

Given:
For a W 12 x 50 column with an effective length of 20 ft, find the allowable axial load using Fy = 36 ksi steel.

Solution:
Reference AISC Manual of Steel Construction, 9th edition, Part 3, p. 3-28, and Work Aid 1C. Select the W 12
x 50 entry.

Answer:
The allowable axial load = 146 kips.
Part 4, Connections
Part 4 of the manual provides engineering data and tabular information for the design of connections.
Examples in the manual illustrate the use of the information for specific applications. The data provided
include:
• Allowable loads for bolts

• Allowable loads for various types of welded and bolted connections

• Typical details of beam and column connections

• Standard welding symbols

Part 6, Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Tables

Part 6 contains miscellaneous information to assist the designer. Information on the effects of heat on structural
steel and coefficients of thermal expansion for various materials is included. Also included is a collection of
charts and tables covering weights, measures, and conversion factors for building materials. Geometric and
trigonometric data is also provided.
Part 7, Symbols and Index
In addition to the alphabetically arranged index, this part defines the symbols used in the manual.

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selecting appropriate design specifications for structural types

Part 5 of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction: ASD and PD (Green book) contains the following
specifications and codes:
• Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: ASD and PD
• AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
• Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts
Also included are appendixes and commentaries. The appendixes are integral parts of the specification. The
commentaries provide background information on the basis and limitations of the specifications and codes.
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: ASD and PD
The AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design is an
alternative to the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.
This specification is organized with general design requirements presented first, followed by chapters
containing the requirements for the design of different types of members and connections. This organization is
consistent with the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings in Part 6 of
the Blue book.
The specification provides design criteria for the following types of construction:
• Frames
• Tension members
• Columns and beams
• Plate girders
• Composite construction
• Connections and joints
The design criteria include allowable stress, member, and joint proportioning requirements.

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AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges

Based on existing trade practices, this code establishes the relationship between contracted parties when the
contractual documents do not contain provisions to the contrary. The AISC continuously surveys the structural
steel fabrication industry to determine standard trade practices and publishes them in this Code of Standard
Practice.
The code provides owners, architects, engineers, contractors, and others involved in construction with a
framework to understand the acceptable standards in contracting for structural steel construction. The Code of
Standard Practice should not replace the judgment of an experienced architect or engineer who has the design
responsibility for a structure.
The practices defined in the Code of Standard Practice have been adopted by the AISC as the commonly
accepted standards of the structural steel fabricating industry. In the absence of other instructions in the
contract documents, the trade practices defined in this Code of Standard Practice govern the fabrication and
erection of structural steel.
The code covers the following:
• Materials

• Plans and specifications

• Shop and erection drawings

• Fabrication and delivery

• Erection

• Quality control

• Contracts

Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts

This specification relates to the design and installation of structural joints using:
• ASTM A325 high-strength bolts

• ASTM A490 heat-treated high-strength bolts

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This specification covers the design criteria and normal usage and practices for high-strength bolts in steel-to-
steel structural connections. It does not cover the full range of structural connections using threaded fasteners
or the use of high-strength bolts other than those included in ASTM A325 or ASTM A490 specifications. In
addition, the specification does not cover the use of bolts in connections with materials other than steel within
the grip.
The specification includes requirements for:
• Design strength of bolted connections

• Design details

• Installation and tightening of bolts

• Inspection

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applying selected aisc-referenced specifications

ASTM (Materials)
The Manual of Steel Construction (Green book), Part 5, Section A6, provides a list of the ASTM standards
referenced within the manual. The grades of structural steel approved for use in building construction, covered
by ASTM standard specifications, extend to a yield stress of 100 ksi.
Material conforming to one of the following ASTM standard specifications is approved for use under the
specification for structural steel buildings.
• Structural Steel, ASTM A36
• Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe, ASTM A53,
Grade B
• High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM A242
• High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Manganese Vanadium Steel, ASTM A441
• Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes, ASTM
A500
• Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing, ASTM A501
• High-Yield Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy-Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding, ASTM
A514
• Structural Steel with 42 ksi Minimum Yield Point, ASTM A529
• Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled, Structural Quality, ASTM A570 Grade 40, 45, and 50
• High-Strength, Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Steels of Structural Quality, ASTM A572
• High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi Minimum Yield Point to 4-in. Thick,
ASTM A588
• Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved
Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606
• Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Columbium or Vanadium, or both, Hot-Rolled
and Cold-Rolled, ASTM A607
• Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Tubing, ASTM A618
• Structural Steel for Bridges, ASTM A709
• Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with 70 ksi Minimum Yield Strength to
4-in. Thick, ASTM A852
In addition, ASTM specifications are referenced for the use of heavy shapes as members. The specification for
structural steel buildings also lists ASTM specifications for:
• Steel castings and forgings
• Rivets
• Bolts, washers, and nuts
• Anchor bolts and threaded rods

ANSI A58.1, "Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads in

Buildings and Other Structures (Loads)"

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This publication has been revised and redesignated as ASCE standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings
and Other Structures. It provides minimum load requirements for the design of buildings and other structures
that are subject to building code requirements. The specified loads are suitable for use with the allowable
stresses and load factors recommended in the AISC design specifications.
The ASCE standard includes requirements for:
• Combinations of loads
• Dead loads
• Live loads
• Soil and hydrostatic pressure
• Wind loads

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AWS D1.1, "Structural Welding Code, Steel"

This code covers welding requirements applicable to welded structures. The code is used with complementary
codes or specifications for the design and construction of steel structures, such as those of the AISC. It does not
apply to pressure vessels or pressure piping. Welding requirements that are common to all structures are
covered in Sections 1 through 7 and in Section 11. Provisions applying exclusively to static loading, dynamic
loading, or tubular structures are included in Sections 8, 9, and 10, respectively.
AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
This specification applies to the design of structural members cold-formed to shape from carbon or low-alloy
steel sheet, strip, plate, or bar less than 1-in. thick and used for load-carrying purposes in buildings. This
specification may be used for structures other than buildings provided appropriate design allowances are made.

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Applying selected saudi aramco steel design requirements, standards, and

specifications

SAES-M-100, "Saudi Aramco Building Code"

The Saudi Aramco Building Code (SABC), SAES-M-100, is based on the Uniform Building Code (UBC)
established by the International Conference of Building Officials. SAES-M-100 consists primarily of a list of
exceptions to the UBC to reflect special Saudi Aramco requirements.
SADP-M-100, Commentary on the Saudi Aramco Building Code, provides additional information on the basis
and limitations of SAES-M-100, reflecting Saudi Aramco’s experience and special requirements. Rationale for
the changes made to the UBC provisions by the ABC is provided in this commentary.
Of particular interest to the steel designer are the following topics (section and table numbers refer to the UBC):
• Sec. 2311 (b). The minimum basic wind speed for determining design wind pressure is 126 km/h
(78 mph).

• Sec. 2311 (c). Exposure C shall be used when determining design wind pressure. This represents
the most severe UBC exposure.

• Sec. 2311 (i). When determining wind load, all plant area buildings and high-rise buildings shall
be added to the list of essential facilities. The importance factor of 1.15 is intended to approximate
a 100-yr wind storm.

• Sec. 2312 (a). Specification of seismic zones within Saudi Aramco are described.

• Table 23-A. Changes are made to Table 23-A to reflect the requirements for minimum uniformly
distributed live loads found in Table 2 of ANSI A58.1-1982.

SAES-M-001, "Basic Criteria for Miscellaneous Steel Structures"

SAES-M-001, Basic Criteria for Miscellaneous Steel Structures, covers mandatory requirements governing the
design of all steel structures except buildings, communication towers, and offshore structures.
SADP-M-001 is the associated commentary.
SAES-M-001 contains a list of exceptions and additions to ANSI A58.1 design loading requirements. In
particular, ANSI A58.1 does not specifically address loads associated with process plant operations. SAES-M-
001 provides guidance on such loading.
12-SAMSS-007, "Miscellaneous Steel Structures"
This specification defines Saudi Aramco requirements for:
• Design

• Material selection

• Shop fabrication

• Marking for erection

• Erection of steel structures

SADP-M-002 is the associated commentary.

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To reflect Saudi Aramco selected requirements, 12-SAMSS-007 consists primarily of a list of exceptions,
additions, and deletions to the AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction, Parts 1 and 5. Saudi Aramco
modifications to the AISC manual relate to the selection of structural steels, the Specification for Structural
Steel Buildings, the Code of Standard Practice, and the Specification for Structural Joints.

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work aid 1: Procedures for Determining properties of steel members and

capacities of beams and columns

Work Aid 1A: Procedures for Using Dimensions and Properties Tables
The following steps provide guidance for the use of the dimensions and properties tables located in Part 1 of
the Manual of Steel Construction.

1. Choose the section of Part 1 appropriate for the selected shape type, for example, W or M
shapes.

2. Turn to the page with the designated member reference and proceed vertically down the left
column to the member reference, for example, W 12 x 50.

3. Proceed horizontally from the left margin across the dimensions page and record the
appropriate information.

4. Continue horizontally from the dimensions page onto the properties page and record the
appropriate information.

A typical reference for a member is W 12 x 50.

where: W = Shape type
12 = Nominal depth (d ) of the member in inches
50 = Weight per foot of the section in pounds

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Work Aid 1B: Procedures for Using Beam and Girder Design Tables
The following steps provide guidance for the use of the allowable loads on beams tables located in Part 2 of
the Manual of Steel Construction.

1. Select the section of Part 2 appropriate for the selected shape type and grade of steel. A
typical reference is a W shape in Grade A36 steel.

2. Turn to the page with the designated section depth and weight. A typical reference might be
W 12 x 50.

3. Proceed vertically down the left column to the specified span length in feet.

4. Continue horizontally from the span length across the page, intersecting the column for Wt/ft.

5. Record the allowable uniform load in kips, for example, a W 12 x 50 member in

Fy = 36 ksi steel with a span of 20 ft would have an allowable uniform load
= 51 kips.

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Work Aid 1C: Procedures for Using Column Design Tables

The following steps provide guidance for the use of the allowable concentric loads on columns tables located
in Part 3 of the Manual of Steel Construction.

1. Select the section of Part 3 appropriate for the selected shape, for example, W or S shapes.

2. Turn to the page with the member designation, for example, W 12 across the top row of the
table.

3. Proceed vertically down the left column to the desired effective length in feet.

4. Continue horizontally across the page intersecting the correct Wt/ft of the column. Within that
column, find the correct Fy reference, for example, a W 12 x 50 member with an effective
length of 20 ft in Fy = 36 ksi steel. Record the allowable axial load in kips. (For the example,
the allowable axial load = 146 kips.)

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work aid 2: STRUCTURAL STEEL CODES AND STANDARDS

BUILDINGS

USE THE SAUDI ARAMCO BUILDING CODE (SABC)

SABC = SAES-M-100 + UBC

FABRICATED METAL BUILDINGS
SAES-M-100 -DESIGN SPEC.
-MODIFIES UBC REQUIREMENTS 12-AMSS-014 -PURCHASING SPEC.

COVERS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, COVERS: DESIGN, MATERIAL SELECTN,

USE & OCCUPANCY, FABRICATION, PACKAGING
LOCATION, ALTERATION,
MAINTENANCE, REPAIR

REFERENCES: AISC, AWS D1.1, REFERENCES: MBMA SPEC 1974 ed.

ANSI 58.1 (ASCE), FOR SPECIAL LOADING REQUIREMNTS
AISI
METAL BUILDING
AMERICAN INST. MANUFACTURERS = MBMA
OF STEEL = AISC ASSOCIATION
CONSTRUCTION

SADP-M-100 -DESIGN PROCEDURE -PROVIDES BACKGROUND INFORMATION

-DEFINES A BUILDING

MISCELLANEOUS STEEL STRUCTURES

SAES-M-001 -DESIGN SPEC. -MODIFIES ANSI 58.1 REQUIREMENTS

COVERS: ALL MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS INCLUDING PIPING LOADS
REFERENCES: AISC, ANSI 58.1 (ASCE), AISI, AASHTO, AND SAES-M-100 FOR
EARTHQUAKE LOADING

SADP-M-001 -DESIGN PROCEDURE -PROVIDES BACKGROUND INFORMATION

-DEFINES A BUILDING

12-AMSS-007 -PURCHASING SPEC. -MODIFIES AISC REQUIREMENTS

COVERS: DESIGN, MATERIAL SELECTION, FABRICATION, MARKING, ERECTION

SADP-M-002 -DESIGN PROCEDURE -PROVIDES BACKGROUND INFORMATION

OFFSHORE, COMMUNICATION TOWERS

NOT COVERED BY AES-M-100, AES-M-001, 12-AMSS-007, 12-AMSS-014

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GLOSSARY
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ACI American Concrete Institute
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
AISI American Iron and Steel Institute
ANSI American National Standards Institute
API American Petroleum Institute
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
ASD Allowable Stress Design
ASTM American Society for Testing Materials
AWS American Welding Society
JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design
PD Plastic Design
SABC Saudi Aramco Building Code
SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization
SSPC Steel Structures Paint Council
UBC Uniform Building Code

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