Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code

Sydney Lights
Public Domain Design Codes
Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code 1/97

Part One Part Two Part Three
Introduction Lighting Strategy Functional

Lighting
Requirements
1.1 Purpose 06 2.1 Vision and Focus 06 3.1 Strategic Approach 26

1.2 Why update this Code ? 06 2.2 Lighting Principles 14 3.2 Standard Palette - 28
1.3 Scope 06 2.3 Public Domain Lighting – 19 Ownership and Range
Design Considerations 3.3 Selecting Lighting Levels 28
1.4 Reading the Code 07
1.5 User 07 3.4 Tool kit - Standard 29
Lighting Palette and
1.6 Public Domain 07 Levels
Framework
3.4.1 Streets and footways 30
1.7 Approval process 08
3.4.2 Heritage Areas 36
1.8 Application of the Code 09
3.4.3 Pedestrian Connections 37
3.4.4 Public Space Lighting 38
3.4.5 The Public / Private 43
Domain Interface
3.5 Standard Lighting 46
Palette
3.5.1 Smartpoles and 46
Lumianires
3.5.2 AUSGRID Lighting Poles 52
3.5.3 Heritage poles and 53
luminaires
3.5.4 Wall Mounted luminaires 54
3.5.5 Pedestrian Pole Top 55
Luminaires
3.5.6 Pedestrain Connecting 57
Spaces Luminaires
prepared by
STEENSEN VARMING
Level 8, 9 Castlereagh Street
Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
ABN 50 001 189 037
t : +61 / 02 9967 2200
e : [email protected]
Adopted by Council 30 March 2015
MCGREGOR COXALL
21c Whistler Street Acknowledgements
Manly, NSW 1655, Australia
CITY DESIGN All images and photographs shown and not

City of Sydney labelled are City of Sydney photography.
Part Four Part Five Part Six
Creative Lighting Maintenance Appendices

Masterplan and Asset
Management
4.1 Introduction 60 5.1 Asset Management 88 6.1 Appendix 1: Glossary 92

4.2 Strategic Approach 60 5.2 Maintenance 88 6.2 Appendix 2: 93
Background-
4.3 City Structure and 60 5.3 Waste Management 89
City of Sydney Initiatives
Precincts Plan and Recycling
6.2.1 Sustainable Sydney 2030 93
4.3.1 City Centre Skyline 60
6.2.2 City Public Domain Plans 93
4.3.2 Harbour Foreshore 62
6.2.3 Open Sydney 93
4.3.3 Precincts & Village Main 62
Streets 6.2.4 Liveable Green Network 94
4.3.4 City Centre 69 6.2.5 Safe City 94
4.4 Distinctive Accents 74 6.2.6 Public Art Masterplans 94
4.4.1 Approach 74 6.3 Appendix 3: 95
International Benchmarking
4.5 Special Lighting 82 and Positioning Study
Elements
6.4 Appendix 4: 97
4.5.1 Non Standard Poles and 82
Pedestrian Lighting
Fixtures
Improvement Plan
4.5.2 Catenary Lighting 82
4.5.3 Bollards 83
4.5.4 Furniture Lighting 83
4.6 Creative Lighting 84
Implementation
Sydney Lights
Part One
Introduction
Harmony Park, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
1
Introduction
Public lighting is an essential community service that aims 1.1 Purpose
to provide pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles with a safe
and comfortable visual environment at night. Lighting is The primary purpose of the Sydney Lights (the Code) is
also a contributing factor in reducing people’s perception to outline the City’s approach to public domain lighting
and fear of crime and can have a significant influence on through design principles, palette selection, technical
the aesthetics of streetscapes and other public spaces. requirements, and performance standards to guide public
domain exterior lighting works and upgrades within the
Sydney Lights is a design code that aims to provide City of Sydney Local Government Area.
an integrated approach to lighting for the City’s public
domain.
1.2 Why update this Code ?
The City has over 400km of state and local roads, over Since the preparation of the 2006 Interim Sydney Lights
400 parks and open spaces, numerous steps, pedestrian Design Code, a significant shift in thinking for the role of
tunnels, significant buildings, public artworks and lighting in the public domain has occurred.
monuments, all of which require a considered lighting
approach to provide a safe, enlivened and active city that This updated Code aligns the City’s public domain
is legible and easy to navigate. vision with the principles of sustainability, active transport
(pedestrian and cycling), accessibility, crime prevention
In addition to fulfilling functional lighting requirements this through environmental design (CPTED) principles and
Code recognises the importance of sustainability, energy public domain quality established by Sustainable Sydney
efficiency, greenhouse gas reduction and the role lighting 2030 and subsequent strategic planning and project
can play to reinforce a sense of place and be a mode for initiatives such as the Liveable Green Network and the
creative and artistic expression. City’s current LED lighting replacement program.
Public lighting, guided by a coherent strategy, will The City has also adopted “Open Sydney” which sets a
contribute to the identity of the City and serve as a vehicle clear vision and direction for the development of Sydney’s
for promotion, for attracting tourism and increasing night- night time economy over the next 20 years. This Code will
time patronage. contribute to promoting a connected, inviting and safe
night time environment.
The Interim Code focused primarily on functional

lighting applications. As well as the functional approach
to lighting, this updated Code recognises light as a
significant contributor to city quality and as a means of
artistic expression and contributor to the identity and
legibility of the City.
This Code supersedes previous City documents relating

to public domain lighting including the Draft Interim
Sydney Lights Design Code 2006 and Exterior Lighting
Strategy 2000 (repealed).
1.3 Scope
The Code applies to exterior lighting of all streets, public
spaces and public areas within the City of Sydney Local
Government Area (LGA) that are under the City’s control.
The Code also provides direction for external lighting

schemes for private development that have implications
on the public domain.
The City of Sydney also encourages the use of the Code

in areas within its boundary that are not in its control, in
order to achieve a coordinated and consistent lighting
palette to create a coherent city image at night, support
long term maintenance benefits and consistent lighting
standards for the public domain.
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The Code does not apply to advertising and illuminated Part Six: Appendices
signage. These areas are addressed in separate planning
controls. Contact the City of Sydney for the latest Appendix 1: Glossary
information.
Appendix 2: Background-
1.4 Reading the Code
The Code comprises of the following sections: Appendix 3: International Benchmarking and
Positioning Study
Part One: Introduction
This section provides an overview of how the code is 1.5 User
set out, its use and relation to the City’s public domain
framework. The Code provides a set of specific design objectives
and technical information for the lighting of public areas
Part Two: Lighting Strategy and features within the City’s Local Government Area,
This section outlines the overall lighting strategy and key enabling the City, its community, designers, consultants
lighting considerations for public domain lighting and contractors to understand and deliver on the City’s
objectives. The Code should be used by all stakeholders
Part Three: Functional Lighting Requirements involved with planning, design and approval of public
This section provides information and requirements for lighting works for the City.
lighting levels and functional lighting palettes.
Part Four: Creative Lighting Overlay 1.6 Public Domain Framework

This section identifies areas and precincts for creative The City’s public domain planning framework includes
lighting and sets guidelines for their application. a number of strategic plans, planning controls, policy
codes and technical specifications that together form a
Part Five: Maintenance and Asset Management holistic vision for the City’s public domain (refer to figure
This section of the Code provides guidance on lighting below). This Code forms part of the family of Design
maintenance and asset management for lighting Codes that provide key design guidelines and principles
equipment used under this Code. for all parts of the public domain.
VISION / SPATIAL DESIGN

POLICY PLANNING CODES
Public Domain Framework
Technical Speciﬁca-
Sydney Landscape
(draft completed)
Sydney Streets
Sydney Streets
Sydney Lights
Sydney Signs
Sydney Parks
(under review)
(in progress)
Code 2011
Code 2013
tions 2013
Code
Code
Code
For access to other documents that are part of the planning framework refer to the City
of Sydney website: www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au

1
1.7 Approval process

Public Domain approval is required to carry out works on The Code is one of a number of documents to guide
land that is owned or managed by the City of Sydney, and applicants in the preparation of a Public Domain Plan that
land that will be dedicated to the City. includes exterior lighting proposals. Shown below are the
most relevant reference documents.
When a development application involves an impact
upon the surrounding public domain, a condition may
be applied to the development consent requiring the Refer to www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/development for
submission of a Public Domain Plan which usually full details of the approval process.
includes the need for a lighting plan.
PUBLIC DOMAIN PLAN

RELEVANT DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENT
Composition of the street,

design principles, street SYDNEY STREETS 2013
palettes, design coordination Public Domain Design Code
Scope and documentation

requirements to prepare a
public domain plan and PUBLIC DOMAIN MANUAL
application for approval of
footpath levels and gradient
Tree species selection and

planting requirements for STREET TREE
street trees MASTER PLAN 2011
Public Area exterior lighting

SYDNEY LIGHTS
design objectives and
Public Domain Design Code
technical requirements
DRAFT PUBLIC ART IN NEW

Public Art requirements DEVELOPMENT POLICY
AND GUIDELINES
SYDNEY STREETS
Construction details
Technical
and specifications
Specifications 2013
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1.8 Application of the Code
The Code outlines the overall lighting strategy which
encompasses the functional standard lighting palette and
creative lighting overlay.
Refer to the maps and standard lighting toolkit for the

majority of areas. Prior to applying the Code, confirm the
applicable lighting palette with the City of Sydney. If the
standard lighting palette applies, the standard luminaire
suite is to be used.
For creative lighting applications, consult with the City of

Sydney. A proposal should outline reasons for a creative
lighting application. Consideration will be given to spatial
hierarchy within the overall lighting masterplan, the
level and quantity of creative lighting overlay proposed,
perceived benefit to the project and the impact on asset
management.
Once the lighting palette and relevant lighting categories

are established, refer to the relevant guidelines in the
Code.
Engagement of an independent, professional and

qualified lighting designer is essential.
Refer to Streets Code Technical Specifications for lighting

installation details.
1.9 Code Review and Update

The Code recognises that lighting technology is rapidly
changing particularly in the realm of sustainability.
It is intended the Code will be regularly updated and

reviewed to ensure consideration of technology
changes and product developments that could deliver
sustainability gains or improved public domain outcomes.

Sydney Lights
Part Two
Lighting Strategy
Surry Hills Library, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
2
Lighting Strategy
2.1 Vision and Focus Underwriting this overall lighting vision, the Code sets out
two strategic directions for the provision of public domain
The key aim of Sydney Lights is to develop a coordinated lighting:
approach to the lighting of the City’s public domain
that contributes to a safe, active and sustainable City, Functional Use – provide a co-ordinated and
reinforces a sense of place and encourages creative and sustainable approach to the lighting of streets and public
artistic expression. spaces and setting of lighting levels and standards to
provide pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles with a safe and
comfortable visual environment at night.
This component is achieved through the application of

a Standard Lighting Toolkit Palette, including technical
requirements and standard City of Sydney luminaires.
(Refer to Part 3)
Creative Lighting Overlay – promote sustainable

and energy efficient urban design lighting applications
to enhance and define the city structure and its legibility
at night time, improve the city image and make it an
attractive place to visit.
This component is achieved through the application of

creative lighting solutions for targeted specialised lighting
applications.
(Refer to Part 4)
Bourke Street, Surry Hills, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney Jason Wing, In Between Two Worlds, 2011 Kimber Lane,
Chinatown
12/97
Key components of lighting strategy
CREATIVE LIGHTING OVERLAY:

DISTINCTIVE ACCENTS
(refer to section 4.4)
CREATIVE LIGHTING OVERLAY:

CITY STRUCTURE AND PRECINCTS
(refer to section 4.3)
FUNCTIONAL USE:
STANDARD LIGHTING PALETTES
AND LEVELS
(refer to section 3)

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2.2 Lighting Principles Principle 1: Promote Safety and Inclusive Design
To articulate the Code’s strategic directions and reinforce This principle supports the Sustainable Sydney 2030
the public domain directions described in Sustainable Direction 4; A City for Pedestrians and Cyclists. Direction
Sydney 2030, the following five principles guide the 5; A Lively, Engaging City Centre.
development of public domain lighting provision across
the City. Direction 4 sets a key objective to enhance the City’s
night time accessibility through the development of a
safe pedestrian and cycle network. Pedestrian and cyclist
focused lighting is important in supporting safety and
in identifying key legible cycleway routes for night time
journeys. Establishing integrated and appropriate lighting
applications can assist in making sure people of all
abilities and ages can enjoy public spaces during the day
and night.
Redfern Park / City of Sydney
14/97
Principle 2: Enhance Public Spaces, Public Life
The Code promotes the following directions: This principle supports the Sustainable Sydney 2030,
Direction 5; A Lively, Engaging City Centre.
• Establish appropriate lighting levels, standards
and luminaire criteria that promotes a safe Direction 5 sets a key objective to strengthen the City’s
public domain; public domain identity and create more places for
• Illuminate public and pedestrian areas to a level meeting, rest and leisure and to assist with the growth of
that will reduce the risk of crime to people and a diverse night time economy;
property;
• Provide a level of illumination which is adequate
for operation of CCTV camera surveillance; The Code promotes the following directions:
• Allow lighting to facilitate orientation and
wayfinding to assist in creating a legible night • Establish appropriate lighting levels, standards
time environment; and luminaire criteria to create an enjoyable
• Create an enjoyable night-scape and feeling of night-scape and feeling of comfort to attract and
comfort by improving the aesthetic quality of the encourage people to stay and enjoy the City at
environment at night time; night;
• Create a unique environment and recognisable
identity for Sydney;
• Create and enhance the night time experience
and vibrancy of the cityscape that generates
increased visitation;
• Deliver high quality lighting, considering lighting
colour, rendering and distribution.
Hyde Park (featuring Emergence Art and About 2012), Paul Patterson / City of Sydney

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Principle 3: Promote Sustainability
This principle supports Sustainable Sydney 2030, The Code promotes the following directions:
Target 1; By 2030, the City will reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by 50 per cent compared to the 1990 levels, • Achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas
and by 70 per cent compared to 1990 levels by 2050, emissions
and Direction 9: Sustainable Development Renewal and • Replace inefficient equipment with more efficient
Design. longer lasting technologies. (This Code provides
a range of LED luminaires as part of the City of
Current public domain lighting is a significant contributor Sydney Standard Luminaire Suite)
of energy consumption with 40% City’s emissions • Establish appropriate lighting levels,
coming from public lighting and accounting for more standards and luminaire criteria to minimise
than one third of the City’s electricity bill. Street lighting energy consumption and potential adverse
therefore provides a significant opportunity to contribute environmental effects including sky glow
to achieving this target through the use of technology • Establish efficient and cost effective standards
that provides a decrease of energy use a reduction of for asset management and ongoing
CO2 emissions, energy costs and minimisation of light maintenance
pollution.
The City of Sydney’s LED project is replacing

“conventional” street lights with LED luminaires with
the aim to significantly reduce electricity bills and
maintenance costs. The NSW Government is following the
City’s lead by encouraging 41 councils across Sydney,
the Central Coast and the Hunter regions to work with
Ausgrid to implement similar LED lighting projects. New
York, London and Hong Kong joined Sydney in another
LED trial arranged by the international environment
collective, the Climate Group.
Martin Place, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney

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Principle 4: Promote Active Transport
This principle supports the Sustainable Sydney 2030, The Code promotes the following directions:
Direction 4; A City for Pedestrians and Cyclists.
• Establish appropriate lighting levels, standards
Conventional lighting layouts, in many cases, focus and luminaire criteria for pedestrians and
largely on the needs of the motorist; however lighting for cyclists.
pedestrians and cyclists at night is vital to encourage • Encourage active transport at night through
greater public use of the City by providing a feeling of appropriate applications of lighting that facilitate
safety and reinforcing wayfinding and legibility. clear safe wayfinding and orientation.
Providing legible and well lit public domain creates
comfortable and safe environments for people to move
around the City and within their local neighbourhoods.
Lighting applications should support the well-travelled
pedestrian pathways and include major cycle pathways.
Bourke Street, Surry Hills, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney Bourke Street, Surry Hills, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
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Principle 5: Respect Distinctiveness and Place
This principle supports the Sustainable Sydney 2030 The Code promotes the following directions:
Direction 7; A Cultural and Creative City.
• Develop a strategic framework for targeted
As an intrinsic part of a city’s day and night-scape, creative lighting applications to express
lighting is used to shape life, place and identity in a city. distinctiveness of place;
• Ensure lighting is integrated as part of urban
Used in the right way, lighting can facilitate a unique design, streets and public art strategies.
identity and recognisable night time environment by • Ensure that heritage context is respected and
providing a clear and structured nightscape, emphasising considered when developing lighting schemes,
landmarks, defining spatial boundaries and increasing the strategies and design proposals.
legibility of the urban night scape.
Whilst a coherent solution will enhance the overall city

identity, it is also important to recognise and embrace the
diversity and local character of individual precincts and to
allow for natural and individual developments to enhance
specific precinct identities.
Dixon Street, Chinatown, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
18/97
2.3 Public Domain Lighting –
Design Considerations
Integrated approach Safety and Amenity

Lighting is one component that needs to be considered Setting lighting levels will require the undertaking of a
as part of an overall streetscape and public space detailed review of crime statistics, consultation with NSW
upgrade project. Within the urban context, lighting Police/ LAC and review of other crime issues.
should not be considered in isolation and needs to be
co-ordinated with other elements such as street trees, When there are concerns about safety, there is a
furniture and signage. All street lighting applications tendency to over-light; however too much light can be as
for a specific project are ideally to be designed at the detrimental as too little lighting. To assist in the creation
same time and where possible should be designed in of a save night-time environment, the atmosphere that
conjunction with the urban / landscape design of the needs to be created should be one of welcome, warmth
street. Consideration should be given to the spacing and safety. People need to be able to move within the
between street trees and furniture and the reduction precinct with ease and confidence. This can be achieved
of visual clutter including the concealment of luminaire in part by a successful lighting design that illuminates
control gear. When introducing lighting to an existing the designated areas correctly and in part by the overall
street / site, considerations must be given to the urban context, place management and area policing.
conditions of the street / site.
Safety is not guaranteed by the achievement of a
Trees particular illuminance requirement. People’s perceptions
Existing trees should be considered at their mature of safety are much more governed by overall design,
height / canopy spread to ensure minimal disruption management and maintenance of an area, night-time
to the lighting without excessive or repetitive pruning. population and activity of an area as well as issues such
The appropriate infrastructure should be selected to as facial recognition, contrast ratio, glare and colour
provide adequate lighting whilst minimising impact discrimination as well as the overall atmosphere created.
on canopy cover. Trees can interfere with the efficient
operation of street lighting, no one technical solution will The City of Sydney Lighting Code considers holistic use
be appropriate for streets will heavy tree canopies. The of light and other aspects rather than solely light levels
geometry of the street , canopy shape, tree management on the walking surface to aid in reducing the fear of crime
plan for the street and other factors will determine the and increasing the perception of safety. By good design
appropriate approach on a case by case basis that embraces light and shade and subtle contrasts, it
is more likely to achieve a safe design solution than the
Design considerations to reduce need for excessive mere distribution of light across the ground.
trimming include:
• Lengthen brackets The following principles should be applied to maintain
• Options for lower level lighting and enhance security within the LGA:
• Trimming clearance • In order to feed a sense of safety and security
people need to both see and be seen in
Refer to Sydney Streets Design Code 2013 line with CPTED (Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design) principles.
Engagement of a Qualified Lighting Designer • The minimising of glare is a major priority.
• Concealment and integration of lighting is
A qualified and independent lighting designer is essential critical.
to each lighting project to assist with the development • The video camera performance needs to be
of a lighting scheme that complies with this Code’s investigated; lighting should enable satisfactory
requirements and reflects current thinking on lighting CCTV/ camera performance. It is noted that new
design and technological advancements. digital imaging technologies can function at
relatively low light levels. However higher levels
The brief for the lighting designer should encompass and provide clearer, higher resolution pictures.
satisfy the following aspects: • Luminaires should not provide opportunities for
• to assist with the development of creative vandalism. The luminaire mounting heights and
lighting applications; equipment quality need to be considered in this
• to provide a cohesive design schema that regard.
reflects the vision of the lighting masterplan; • Provision of light sources with good colour
• to ensure and demonstrate compliance with the rendition is vital.
code requirements • Directional signage and maps need to be
adequately illuminated to assist in way-finding
and orientation.

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• Regular maintenance is to be ensured (e.g. that

broken light sources/luminaires are replaced Whilst it is of key importance to consider illuminance
quickly). for safe movement and visual performance, it is also
• Regular consultation with NSW Police in important to consider factors that influence people’s
monitoring and improving any identified crime perception of brightness and quality of the space,
hot spots. including surface properties, lighting of vertical
elements (such as architecture or urban structures),
the architectural or urban design intent and luminaire
It should not be assumed that improved lighting alone selection.
makes an area safe. All issues concerning integration
between security and the lighting design must be Lighting alone cannot create a safe area, and will need
coordinated in close collaboration with the main to be part of a range of measures to increase safety.
stakeholders and local authorities; it needs to be The perception and feeling of safety and comfort can be
considered that lighting design is only one part of a larger increased through higher pedestrian activity and night-
security strategy. time use.
Legibility and Wayfinding –
Pedestrians and Cyclists
Conventional lighting layouts, in many cases, focus Identity
largely on the needs of the motorist; however lighting As an intrinsic part of a city’s day and night-scape,
for pedestrians and cyclists at night is vital to reinforce lighting is used to shape life, place and identity in a city.
wayfinding and legibility, therefore encouraging greater
public use of the City, and an increased feeling of safety. Used in the right way, lighting facilitates a unique identity
and recognisable night time environment by providing a
To guide movement and assist in wayfinding, light is to clear and structured nightscape, emphasising landmarks,
be used for highlighting landmarks, defining and outlining defining spatial boundaries and increasing the legibility of
edges and site boundaries, as marker or beacon and the urban night scape.
with increased focus on pedestrian scale and traffic,
to increase the overall legibility of the cityscape. Visual Whilst a coherent solution will enhance the overall city
links can be created and areas of darkness removed by identity, lighting also needs to recognise and embrace the
indicating pedestrian underpasses and passages through diversity and local character of individual precincts and
lighting. allow for natural and individual developments to enhance
specific precinct identities.
Quality of Light
Consideration of light quality is an important
consideration in the perception of the public domain at
night. This includes the consideration of the correlated
colour temperature of light sources, its consistency,
colour rendering and light direction.
White light (in hues between 2500 and 4500K), compared

to previous traditional yellow light of sodium lamps and
bluish tones of mercury vapour lamps, is the preferred
light colour for urban lighting applications due to it
providing a more natural ambience and improved
visibility. Colour Rendering is a key consideration in
regards to legibility, comfort and safety.
The direction of lighting in relation to the activity and

background environment impacts on the night-time
environment and needs to be considered as part of the
design.
Colour Temperature and Colour Rendering

LED light sources provide a wide range of colour options
from warm and cool white through to RGB options. White
light, in the appropriate colour temperature (warm or
Bourke Street, Surry Hills, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
20/97
cool), is preferred as it reveals more ‘natural’ colours of to the degree of protection by enclosures for
the surrounding. The correlated colour temperate (CCT) electrical equipment against external mechanical
of a light source, as a measure of the hue of the white impacts in accordance with IEC 62262:2002 and
light output, influences people’s impressions of their IEC 60068-2-75:1997.
surroundings and should be considered for any lighting • The IK Rating ranges from IK00 for luminaires
project. not protected to a rating of IK10 that protects a
luminaire against 20 joules impact.
Colour rendering measures (such as Colour Rendering • Materiality and design of luminaires and
Index or Colour Quality Scale) provide an indication how brackets should be able to withstand
colours will appear under different light sources and are environmental conditions of the site.
an important consideration in public domain lighting. • Fixings to be concealed and tamper proof where
required.
• Mounting height to be considered for public
access.
Lighting Distribution
A cohesive lighting hierarchy is to be implemented to
ensure that darker spaces of the streetscape do not Minimisation of Adverse Lighting Impacts
appear unsafe or dimly lit when contrasted with adjacent If used inappropriately, lighting can cause adverse
brightly lit areas. Over-lit spaces can create high contrast impacts on the environment and spatial quality of an area.
with others and is to be avoided. Luminaires can cause light pollution and spill light which
can affect local biodiversity and clarity of astronomical
Awnings, verandas and trees may block street lighting observations. Luminaires can also cause discomfort
and cast shadows. Lighting to these elements should be glare if not used correctly, which can affect adjacent
considered in the overall design and lighting scheme. residences, reduce visibility and cause distractions to
both pedestrians and vehicle drivers.
Sky Glow
Luminaires and Vandalism
Urban ‘sky glow’ is the result of stray light, both direct
Vandalism is a key consideration in the selection and and reflected, being scattered in the atmosphere and
mounting of a luminaire. Considerations for luminaire brightening the natural sky background level. This has the
selection include: effect of concealing the stars in the spectacular Southern
• IK Rating: The IK rating of a luminaire refers night skies in a haze of waste light.
Nicole Foreshew, Born in darkness before dawn, 2013, William Street, Sydney, City of Sydney, Place Projections, Eora Journey Public Art
Project

2
The City recognises that the urban environment of a large

city has competing interests in creating an inviting night
time environment for its residents whilst also minimising
the sky glow effect. The lighting principles in the Code
are designed to achieve the following environmental
standards:
• to minimise the escape of waste light into the
night sky
• to minimise unnecessary energy consumption
• to promote a glare free environment for traffic
and pedestrians
• to utilise the latest technology for effective
conversion of light into illumination
• to create an aesthetic appearance for night-time
illumination and lighting infrastructure during
daylight hours.
Techniques to minimise adverse impacts of light:

• Luminaires should be directed to focus light as
required for specific applications.
• Luminaires should only be turned on when
required to conserve energy and minimise the
unnecessary emission of greenhouse gases.
• Masking techniques are to be used where
required to minimise stray light into the sky
including baffles and glare shields. Lens
selection should also be considered when
selecting luminaries.
• Where possible, luminaires are to be full cut off
fittings.Up light floodlighting of buildings not
recommended
• Consideration is to be given to reduce the
impacts on local biodiversity from every lighting
scheme.
Sustainability -
New Initiatives and future design considerations
Energy for public lighting is one of the largest causes of
greenhouse gas emissions from the City’s activities. The
reduction of the energy consumption of the City’s lighting
infrastructure involves not only the implementation of new
initiatives by the City of Sydney, but also the consideration
of future luminaire specification, maintenance and lighting
control.
Public domain lighting is a significant contributor of

energy consumption with 40% of the City’s emissions
coming from public lighting. Public lighting accounts for
more than one third of the City’s electricity bill and a large
part of its greenhouse gas emissions.
The City recognises that the most cost effective
emissions reduction opportunity lies with public lighting.
Sydney 2030 includes a target to achieve a 70% reduction

in greenhouse gas emissions from the 2006 levels by
2030.
LED- Changing Technology and Future Trends

The City LED rollout initiative within the public domain
aims to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse
Pitt Street Mall, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
22/97
gas emissions. Luminaires retrofitting existing City fittings • Timer and Photo Electric Cell (sunset switching).
incur a saving of at least 40% from existing wattage • Provisions and Procedures for temporary special
levels to achieve lighting requirements. Ausgrid have now event lighting (colour change)
included LEDs to their standard range and is now the • Smart lighting - Ability to adjust lighting levels
default light for P category lighting. where appropriate
Within the last decade, there have been significant The implementation of smart lighting control allows the
developments in lighting technologies, which has shifted lighting level to be increased when required, resulting in
the focus of key lighting manufacturers into new areas of running cost saving and a more comfortable night time
research and development. These developments support environment.
many of the City of Sydney’s initiatives in the field of
lighting in particular in energy and cost savings. The new cabling requirements for each area shall be
studied holistically so that a master cabling and control
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have developed over the strategy is implemented. The cabling and control system
last years into viable Light sources that have a number shall address current and future control requirements and
of environmental benefits, including increasing efficacy, most importantly possible reuse of the existing electrical
prolonged life time and low mercury content. It is infrastructure. The electrical infrastructure needs to be
predicted that LED products will consistently improve and fully utilised and expanded to accommodate the level of
mature over the coming decade improving in efficacy, control required.
colour rendering, colour consistency and in overall quality.
Consistent monitoring and reviewing of the City Other Future Design Considerations
of Sydney’s Standard LED luminaire suite should
be undertaken to ensure that the suite reflects the CCTV
most efficient lighting solution and that the City of Currently the City of Sydney recommends that in areas
Sydney remains at the forefront of urban lighting and of CCTV, 4 Lux vertical illumination is to be provided
environmentally sensitive design. in alignment with AS 4806. With constantly changing
technological developments in CCTV cameras, the
light required to create a legible image has significantly
Lighting Control reduced and is infinitesimal. Future lighting upgrades
with CCTV requirements should provide a lighting level
As technology improves, the City aims to implement suitable to the proposed equipment.
Smart Technology to enable flexibility for lighting level
adjustments. Automating lighting control and considering The video camera performance needs to be investigated
switching groups, allows the reduction of energy for each project to ensure required lighting level is
consumption when specific lighting elements may not be provided. Whilst lighting should enable satisfactory CCTV
required. performance it should be considered that new digital
imaging technologies can function at relatively low light
Lighting control generally consists of two elements. The levels.
first element is the physical lighting control equipment
that switches the appropriate lighting on at the relevant
times. The second element is the personnel management
control that ensures the lighting systems are fully
maintained and operational in accordance with the
objectives of the lighting master plan and the resulting
procedures.
To assist in the maintenance and control of the lighting

and allow for adjustment to various lighting levels and the
level of interaction required, advanced control technology
should be used to automate the control and help to
establish maintenance requirements.
The following is a list of items to be considered in the

lighting control strategy;
• Level of technology required.
• Light level alterations of fittings, both static ‘set
and forget’ and dynamic for special occasions
• Flexibility to enable isolation and stage switching
of certain elements
• Energy & environmental considerations

Sydney Lights
Part Three
Functional Lighting
Requirements
Hills Reserve, Surry Hills, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
3
Functional Lighting Requirements

Exterior lighting of public spaces and streets plays a Components
vital role in providing for a city that is accessible and The Functional Lighting section consists of the following
safe for pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles. This section components;
defines the City’s standard set of lighting palettes, levels
and performance standards for functional lighting in the Standard Lighting Palettes and Levels:
public domain including lighting and equipment technical Toolkit of standard palette selection and
specifications. technical requirements for functional lighting to
all streets, parks and plazas within the City of
The Private – Public Domain interface is also considered Sydney LGA
in section 3.4.6 The Public/Private Domain Interface. In most instances site specific adaptation will
be required. The City of Sydney will include
Ausgrid and Roads and Maritime Services
(RMS) in its liaison with public and private sector
3.1 Strategic Approach organisations particularly in respect to delivery,
The key strategic direction of the Lighting Code is to operation and maintenance issues.
set the range of required base lighting parameters for
public/pedestrian areas and roadways across the LGA, Standard Luminaire Index:
including illuminance levels and technical guidelines. For An index of standard lighting fixtures, fittings and
pedestrian priority and cycle network routes, additional luminaires for functional lighting requirements
functional lighting requirements are provided to support
the City’s objective of creating a city for pedestrians and
cyclists.
Foley Park, Glebe, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
26/97
Lighting Hierarchy Map
AROO
BARANG
MARTIN PLAC
E
RIA ST
VICTO
H ST
ST
COLLEGE
ELIZABET
GL
ST
EB
HA
E
WILLIA
RGE
RR
M ST
PT
IS
RD
GEO
O
XF
AV
ST
O
LD
HA ARK
ILD
R
D
RO
NE
ST
P
RD
S ED
HN DY
JO AV
ST
CENTRAL
CENTRAL STATION
BROADWAY O
PARK XF
O
R
D
CLEVE ST
LAND
ST
ST
ANZA
TT
LLE
C PD
MA
REDFER
N ST
E
ST
ST
RD
G ST
BIE
OM
NG
CROWN
CR
TH ST
R
DOWLIN
E
AB
LA
ST
G
ELIZABE
IN
K
BOT
SOUTH
ANY
RD
ST
N
TI
RD
AR
KE
M
UR
BO
ASHMORE
DACEY AV
PRECINCT
GREEN
SQUARE
E
SS DRIV
BARWON PARK RD
RD
RN CRO
KE
UR
BO
SOUTHE
Functional Lighting Palettes

City Centre and Gateways
City Laneways
George Street
CA
RD
NA
Village Centres and Activity Strips

NY
L RD
TA
Local Street
BO
GARDE
NERS R
D
Light Rail Streets
Harbour Foreshore Walk
Note:This diagram is indicative only. Confirmation of the appropriate lighting palette area is to be decided in consultation
with the City of Sydney on a project by project basis.

3
3.2 Standard Palette - Ownership and Range Lighting Levels – Standard applications
Sydney is one of the largest users of street lighting in The Code references the Australian Standards, setting
NSW with 22,000 luminaires at the time of writing the the base minimum requirements for lighting in streets and
Code. Of these, 13,500 are maintained by Ausgrid and other public spaces.
8,500 by the City.
AS/NZS 1158 Lighting for Roads and Public Spaces,
The Code encourages the consistent use of a limited provides quantitative guidelines on illuminance for exterior
number of fittings to help create a more coherent public applications which are referred to in this Code; lighting
domain and reduce asset management and maintenance categories consist of ‘Category V Lighting’ and ‘Category
costs. For functional standard lighting applications, P Lighting’.
luminaires are to be selected from the City of Sydney
Standard Luminaire Index. Category V Lighting: Lighting which is applicable to
roads on which the visual requirements of motorists are
dominant, e.g. traffic routes. Subcategories range from
Ausgrid are a significant stakeholder within the City of V1 to V5.
Sydney Local Government Area, owning a large number
of lighting poles installed largely in the local areas. Category P Lighting: Lighting which is applicable to roads
Ausgrid maintain ownership over the luminaires installed on which the visual requirements of pedestrians are
on these poles. Refer to the Ausgrid standard luminaire dominant e.g. local roads or outdoor public areas, other
suite web link http://www.ausgrid.com.au/ for further than roads, where the visual requirements of pedestrians
information. are dominant e.g. parks and plazas. Subcategories range
from P1 to P12.
3.3 Selecting Lighting Levels Based on the relevant standards, this Code provides a
range of lighting levels and requirements applicable to a
Lighting levels set the base requirements, however range of contexts and situations across the City.
lighting quality considerations are important for the overall
perception of space and pedestrian comfort.
Lighting Levels - State Classified Roads
These guidelines include quality considerations such as
correlated colour temperature of light sources, colour Within the City of Sydney there are streets that are Roads
rendering and light distribution. and Maritime Services (RMS) Classified State Roads
which are managed and partially funded by the NSW
Setting quantitative lighting requirements (‘lighting State Government under the RMS. These streets generally
levels’) for the functional lighting applications, include have high vehicular traffic and have specific lighting
consideration of a range of factors including pedestrian requirements as outlined by the State Government ‘Roads
and vehicle number, crime statistics and the importance and Maritime Services’.
of enhancing the area.
For State Classified Roads, refer to RMS specific lighting
The below diagram provides reference for comparative requirements for carriageway lighting: http://www.rms.
illuminance levels: nsw.gov.au/ (Street Lighting R72).
< 1 lux 1-10 lux 10-30 lux 50 lux

P4-P5 P1-P3, P8, P11b/c P6, P7, P11a, P12 P10
V3-V5 V1-V2 SPORTSFIELD
Photographs by Stensen Varming
28/97
3.4 Tool kit - Standard Lighting Palette and
Levels
City of Sydney Lighting Palette
Palette selections and lighting levels are based on the

following contexts and settings:
Streets and Footways

- City Centre
- Village Centres and Activity Strips Areas
- Local Areas
- Heritage Areas
- Urban Renewal Areas
Pedestrian Connections
- Pedestrian Underpasses/Tunnels
- Pedestrian Crossings
- Stairs/Ramps/Footbridges
Parks
Plazas
RMS classified State Road - Eastern Distributor, google search, photographer unknown

3
3.4.1 Streets and footways
City Centre Streets and Footways

As the primary destination of locals and visitors, the 2030 Vision, creating a unique, safe and interesting night
City Centre is the focal point of the City of Sydney Local time environment that contributes to an increase in the
Council Area. The lighting strategy aligns with the Sydney night time economy.
City Centre Streets and Footways map
AROO
BARANG
MARTIN PLA
CE
H ST
ST
COLLEGE
ELIZABET
ST
HA
WILLIA
M ST
RGE
RR
IS
O
GEO
XF
ST
O
R
D
ST
ED City Centre - Lighting Palettes

DY
AV City Centre Streets
City Centre Gateway Streets

City Laneways
CENTRAL
CENTRAL STATION George Street
BROADWAY
PARK Light Rail Streets
Note: This diagram is indicative only. Confirmation of the appropriate lighting palette area is to be decided in consultation
30/97
Toolkit Lighting Palette - City Centre Streets and Footways
Street Type Lighting Type* Recommended Light Quality

Lighting Level**
Gateway Providing primary access S1 Smartpole Range Vehicle: V1 Vehicle: 3000K-
Streets into and out of the City 4000K Min Ra80
Centre for both vehicles Pedestrian: P1 Pedestrian: 3000K-
and pedestrians and in- Note: Must meet 4000K Min Ra85
clude sections of William RMS Standard
Street, Oxford Street and
Broadway.
City Centre City Centre Streets form S1 Smartpole Range Vehicle: V1-V3 Vehicle: 3000K-
Streets the key vehicular and 4000K Min Ra80
pedestrian network within Pedestrian: P1 Pedestrian: 3000K-
the CBD. These streets Note: Lighting level 4000K Min Ra85
have high pedestrian, cy- requirements are
cle and vehicular activity. to consider smart
lighting control
George George Street provides S3 George Street Vehicle: V1 Vehicle: 3000K-
Street the main spine of the City Pedestrian Smartpole 4000K Min Ra80
along which light rail will Range Pedestrian/Light Pedestrian/Light rail
travel. Some sections of Rail Stops: P6 + stops:
the street will only ac- 30% 3000K-4000K Min
commodate light rail and Note: Lighting level Ra85
pedestrian access. requirements are
to consider smart
lighting control
Light Rail Comprises of city centre S3 General Use Cate- Vehicle: V1 Vehicle: 3000K-
Streets streets that will accommo- nary Smartpole Range 4000K Min Ra80
date light rail in addition to Pedestrian/Light Pedestrian/Light rail
George Street. City of Sydney Pedes- Rail Stops: P6 + stops:
trian Pole Top Lighting 30% 3000K-4000K Min
Range Ra85
Laneway Includes traditional lanes City of Sydney Wall Vehicle and Vehicle and Pedes-
service functions and new Mount Range Pedestrian: P1-P3 trian:
revitalised activated public Note: Lighting level 3000K-4000K Min
spaces with shared zone City of Sydney Stand- requirements are Ra85
pedestrian priority func- ard Palette selection to consider smart
tions determined on a case lighting control
by case basis
Shared and Shared zones are a dedi- S1 Smartpole Range Vehicle and Vehicle and Pedes-
Pedestrian cated shared traffic envi- Pedestrian: P7 trian:
ronment for pedestrians, City Standard Pedes- 3000K-4000K Min
Priority Zones cyclists and slow vehicle trian Pole Top Lighting Ra85
movement with specific Range
lighting requirements. Ar-
eas of pedestrian priority
may be closed to vehicu-
lar traffic.
Cycleway Dedicated cycle zone that S1 Smartpole Range Cycleway: P2 Cycleway: 3000K
Applications may be part of any of the or or nominated Min Ra85
above street typologies CoS PED Pole pedestrian P level if
requiring additional spe- or higher
cific lighting requirements. AusGrid Standards
*For Luminaire Type Performance Specifications and Information, refer to Part 3. Section 3.5
Standard Lighting Palette
** Refer to AS1158 for lighting category requirements. Specific lighting levels are subject to evaluation of specific site
conditions, risk of crime and traffic levels and are to be confirmed in consultation with the City of Sydney. In areas of CCTV
locations, 4 lux vertical illumination is to be provided. Consult with the City of Sydney for the latest requirements.
3

Located outside the City Centre, village Centres and residential use. Some of these streets will be defined by
Activity Strips are characterised by high pedestrian the light rail network that extends outside the City Centre.
activity and mixed land use of retail, local business and
Village Centre and Activity Strips Map
AROO
BARANG
RIA ST
VICTO
ST
ST
ELIZABETH
COLLEGE
GL
ST
EB
HA
WILLIA
E
M ST
RGE
RR
PT
IS
RD
O
GEO
XF
AV
ST
O
R
LD
HA ARK
ILD
D
RO
ST
NE
P
RD
S ED
HN DY
JO AV
ST
CENTRAL
CENTRAL STATION
BROADWAY O
PARK XF
O
R
D
Y ST
W CLEVE
H LAND
ST
ST
ANZA
TT
LLE
ST
C PD
MA
NG
REDFER
KI
N ST
E
T
ST
IE S
ST
MB
R
RO
NG
CROWN
C
H ST
DOWLING
ER
AB
LA
ELIZABET
BOT
SOUTH
ANY
RD
ST
N
TI
RD
KE
AR
UR
M
BO
ASHMORE
DACEY AV
PRECINCT
GREEN
SQUARE
E
SS DRIV
BARWON PARK RD
RD
RN CRO
KE
UR
BO
SOUTHE
Village Centre and Activity Strips-

Lighting Palettes
CA
RD
NA

NY
L RD
TA
GARDE
BO
NERS R
D Light Rail Streets
Note: This diagram is indicative only. Confirmation of the appropriate lighting palette area is to be decided in consultation
32/97
Toolkit Lighting Palette - Village Centres and Activity Strips

Lighting Level**
Village Main These streets are charac- S2 Smartpole¹ Vehicle and pedes- Vehicle and Pedestrian:
Street terised by areas of retail, or trian: P2 3000K-4000K Min Ra85
business and entertain- Ausgrid
ment and encompass not
only footpaths/pedestrian
walkways, but also shop City Standard
fronts and awnings¹. Pedestrian Pole
Lighting Range
Light Rail The Light rail network S3 General Use Vehicle: V1 Vehicle: 3000K-4000K
Streets will extend along some Catenary Smartpole Pedestrian/Light rail Min Ra80
streets outside the City Range Stops: P7 Pedestrian/Light rail
Centre, i.e. Devonshire stops:
Street, Surry Hills. City Standard 3000K-4000K Min Ra85
Pedestrian Pole
Lighting Range
Village Includes traditional lanes City of Sydney Wall Vehicle and Vehicle and Pedestrian:
Centre service functions and new Mount Range Pedestrian: P1-P3 3000K-4000K Min Ra85
revitalised activated public Note: Lighting level
Laneway spaces with shared zone requirements are to
pedestrian priority func- consider smart light-
tions ing control
Village Centre Shared zones are a dedi- S2 Smartpole Vehicle and Vehicle and Pedestrian:
Shared and cated shared traffic envi- Range Pedestrian: P7 3000K-4000K Min Ra85
ronment for pedestrians,
Pedestrian cyclists and slow vehicle City Standard
Priority movement with specific Pedestrian Pole Top
Zones lighting requirements. Ar- Lighting Range
lar traffic.
Cycleway Dedicated cycle zone that S2 Smartpole Cycleway: P2 Cycleway: 3000K-4000K
Applications may be part of any of the Range Min Ra85
above street typologies or
that may require specific COS PED Pole
lighting requirements. or
Ausgrid
*For Luminaire Type Performance Specifications and Information, refer to Part 3. Section 3.5 Standard Lighting Palette
¹Smartpole Type S2 are to replace Ausgrid poles for Village Main Streets as part of a comprehensive streetscape up-
grade. Replacement of poles it subject to assessment and approval by the City of Sydney. In situations requiring ongoing
maintenance and renewal, the use of the standard AusGrid lighting palette may still be applicable. Consult with the City of
Sydney.

3
Local Streets and Footways

Local streets consist predominately of residential and pedestrian and vehicular activity. Lighting is to provide a
industrial areas that accommodate different levels of safe night time environment to suit assessed conditions.
Local Streets and Footways Map
AROO
BARANG
MARTIN PLAC
E
RIA ST
VICTO
ST
ST
ELIZABETH
COLLEGE
GL
ST
EB
HA
WILLIA
E
M ST
RGE
RR
PT
IS
RD
O
GEO
XF
AV
ST
O
R
LD
HA ARK
ILD
D
RO
ST
NE
P
RD
S ED
HN DY
JO AV
ST
CENTRAL
CENTRAL STATION
BROADWAY O
PARK XF
O
R
D
CLEVE ST
LAND
ST
ST
ANZA
TT
LLE
C PD
MA
REDFER
N ST
E
ST
ST
RD
ST
BIE
OM
ST
CR
NG
CROWN
H ST
DOWLING
ER
NG
AB
LA
KI
ELIZABET
BOT
SOUTH
ANY
RD
ST
N
TI
RD
KE
AR
UR
M
BO
ASHMORE
DACEY AV
PRECINCT
GREEN
SQUARE
E
SS DRIV
BARWON PARK RD
RD
RN CRO
KE
UR
BO
SOUTHE
Local Streets- Lighting Palettes

Local Street
CA
RD
NA
NY
L RD
TA
GARDE
BO
NERS R
D
Note: This diagram is indicative only. Confirmation of the appropriate lighting palette area is to be decided in consultation with the City of
Sydney on a project by project basis.
34/97
Toolkit Lighting Palette - Local Streets and Footways

Lighting Level**
Local Street- Local Streets form the key AusGrid Pole Range Vehicle and Vehicle and Pedestrian:
Low Activity network outside of the Pedestrian: P3 3000K-4000K Min Ra85
City Centre in a residential
or industrial area.
Local Street- Local streets identified by AusGrid Pole and Vehicle and Vehicle and Pedestrian:
Medium to Liveable Green Network Back of Pole range Pedestrian: P1-P2 3000K-4000K Min Ra85
masterplan that provide
High Activ- pedestrian and/or cycle City of Sydney
ity (including priority - Refer to Appen- Standard Pedestrian
Liveable Green dix 4 for LGN Pedestrian Pole Range***
Lighting Improvement
Network Prior- Plan
ity
Routes)
Local Street- Local Streets that connect AusGrid Pole Vehicle and Pedes-
State Classi- main roads may form part trian: V1- V3
of the RTA State Classi-
fied Roads fied Road network
Local Local Laneways essen- AusGrid Pole Vehicle and Vehicle and Pedestrian:
Laneway tially provide service lane or Pedestrian: P2-P3 3000K Min Ra85
functions however many CoS Wall Lights
of these lanes may be
converted to dedicated
pedestrian shared zones.
Local Shared Shared zones are a dedi- AusGrid Pole Vehicle and pedes- Vehicle and Pedestrian:
and Pedestrian cated shared traffic envi- trian: P2 3000K-4000K Min Ra85
ronment for pedestrians, City of Sydney
Priority cyclists and slow vehicle Standard Pedestrian
Zones movement with specific Pole
lighting requirements. Ar-
lar traffic
Cycleway Dedicated cycle zone that AusGrid Pole Cycleway: P2 Cycleway: 3000K Min
Applications may be part of any of the Ra85
above street typologies City of Sydney
that may require specific Standard Pedestrian
lighting requirements Pole Range
***Use of additional pole subject to direction by the City for Liveable Green Network Priority Routes.
¹In areas with an elevated risk of crime a higher lighting category may be required. Consult with the City of Sydney for
specific street applications and requirements.

3
3.4.2 Heritage Areas

Within the City are areas of important heritage value in These areas require a specific toolkit to align with
terms of Australia’s historical and social development. the heritage character of the built and landscaped
Heritage context need to be respected and considered, environments. Application and use of the heritage area
taking into account existing lighting type and any relevant lighting palette is limited to particular areas and is to be
heritage conservation plans. assessed by the City of Sydney on a case by case basis.
Toolkit Lighting Palette - Heritage Areas

Lighting Level**
Local The Rocks style column Refer to individual street ty- Vehicle: 3000K Min Ra80
or pology lighting level require-
CoS Wall Lights ments for specific applica- Pedestrian: 3000K Min Ra85
tions.
Caraher’s Lane, The Rocks, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
36/97
3.4.3 Pedestrian Connections
Various situations in the public domain require additional These connecting elements are often associated
assessment for lighting provision. Elements including with a high risk of crime and require specific lighting
underpasses, pedestrian tunnels, pedestrian crossings, applications to ensure a safe night time environment that
stairs, ramps and footbridges, act as connecting allows for free pedestrian movement.
elements for pedestrians throughout the City of Sydney.
Toolkit Lighting Palette - Connecting Lighting Applications

Lighting Level**
Underpasses/ Underpasses serve both City of Sydney Wall Vehicle Vehicle: 3000K-
Pedestrian pedestrian and vehicular Mount Range*** Underpasses: P9 4000K Min Ra80
access with some specifi- Pedestrian Pedestrian:
Tunnels cally dedicated to pedes- City Standard Pedes- Underpasses: P9 3000K-4000K
trian priority. Pedestrian trian Pole Top Lighting Min Ra85
underpasses provide a Range***
connecting service func-
tion for pedestrians only.
Pedestrian Pedestrian crossings AusGrid Pole Local or arterial Pedestrian:

Crossings recognise the need for Lighting Range*** road PSL³ <= 3000K-4000K to
pedestrian safety and the 60km/h: PX 1 suit surrounding
relationship of pedestrians S1 Smartpole lighting CCT
and vehicles. Vertical Range*** Local² or arterial Min Ra85
illuminance is paramount road PSL³ <=
for pedestrian safety in S2 Smartpole 50km/h: PX 2
these areas Range***
Local Road¹: PX 3
City of Sydney
Pedestrain Connect- Refer to AS/NZS
ing Luminaire Range 1158.4 for further
(Floodlight)*** information
Stairs/ramps/ Stairs, ramps and foot- City of Sydney Stand- Pedestrian: P9 Pedestrian:
footbridges bridges act as connecting ard Pedestrian Pole / Note: Stairs/ramps 3000K-4000K
elements for pedestrians Wall Mounted Lighting leading into un- Min Ra85
throughout the City of Range derground trains
Sydney stations are to be lit
to a P10 category
** Refer to AS1158 for lighting category requirements. Specific lighting levels are subject to evaluation of specific site conditions, risk of
crime and traffic levels and are to be confirmed in consultation with the City of Sydney. In areas of CCTV locations, 4 lux vertical illumina-
tion is to be provided. Consult with the City of Sydney for the latest requirements.
***Lighting Type Selection to be based on street context and is to be confirmed by the City of Sydney on a case by case basis.
¹Local Road- Traffic Deterred (See Glossary)
²Local Road- Traffic Slowed (See Glossary)
³Speed Limit
3
3.4.4 Public Space Lighting
Public Space Lighting Objectives Parks

The objectives for public space lighting are: The City has over 400 parks and public spaces under
its care, control and management. These are located in
• To illuminate pedestrian and park areas in the a variety of contexts and perform numerous functions
City to a standard that provides a safe and which require individual assessment to fully determine
comfortable visual environment for pedestrians appropriate performance standards.
at night by the installation of appropriate lighting
technologies that allow people to see and be Approach to Park Lighting
seen
• To provide a level of illumination in high risk A consistently bright lighting strategy should not be used;
areas which is adequate for video surveillance large areas of open space should not be lit to a high
• To enhance the aesthetic quality of pedestrian level unless used for programmed/ organised activities at
spaces and parks through skilful design and night.
location of the pedestrian lighting network
• To provide light sources that give a natural Instead, a varied lighting approach is to be applied,
appearance to people and surroundings, with resulting in a more comfortable user environment as
good colour rendition well as providing energy savings. The lighting scheme
• To utilise the latest technology in the design of for a park should consider the following elements:
luminaires to ensure: Main park entries, park perimeter, main pedestrian and
- Maximised efficiency cycle through pathways and path surrounds, selected
- Prevention of glare, blind spots and landscaped areas i.e. trees, furniture or public art/
excessive spill light and light pollution architectural elements.
- Minimisation of greenhouse gas emissions
• To ensure upgrades by the City of Sydney The size, location, circulation patterns / access and use of
or Ausgrid in public areas use the identified City’s parks will determine the lighting design which is to
infrastructure consider the following:
• To establish a manageable portfolio of lighting • Consider the visibility the pedestrian has of the
infrastructure for the City surrounding environment
• To minimise urban street clutter by the • Extend park lighting off the main pathway,
coordination of lighting with other lighting providing greater visual depth and comfort.
elements. • Reduce glare sources
• To create consistency and a recognisable • Investigate the application of additional lighting
identity for the City using the standard City applications such as tree lighting and integrated
luminaire suite. Opportunities may exist to furniture lighting which can contribute to the
introduce a bespoke creative ‘Special Lighting overall pedestrian experience and perception of
Element’ in line with the creative lighting overlay safety, mainly by increasing the use of the park
strategy. and pedestrian activity.
• Provide sufficient light to the main park pathways
and the park perimeter to aid in navigation and
way-finding
Higher levels of lighting may be required to parks that are

designated to act as a major pedestrian passageway, or
parks that are deemed as a high crime risk area. Where
the Code Toolkit provides a range of lighting requirement,
consult with the City of Sydney to determine which level of
lighting is deemed appropriate for a specific park project.
Prince Alfred Park, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
38/97
Toolkit Lighting Palette - Parks

Lighting Level**
City Centre Usually experience high City Standard Pe- Major Pathways: Pedestrian pathways
Park pedestrian activity over destrian Pole Top P1-P2 and
a longer span of hours. Lighting Range Minor Pathways: Activity Areas: 3000K-
Pathway networks usually P3 4000K Min Ra85
provide direct connec- Path Edges¹: P5
tions to city streets. Park Activity Area: P8
may include activity areas
that accommodate night
time use.
Village Centre and Usually surrounded by City Standard Pe- Major Pathways: Pedestrian pathways
Local Area Park residential zones, they destrian Pole Top P2 and
provide through site ac- Lighting Range Minor Pathways: Activity Areas: 3000K-
cess to local streets or vil- P3 4000K Min Ra85
lage centre streets and of- Path Edges¹: P5
ten include programmed Activity Area: P8
activity areas. Larger
parks may have distinct/
recreational amenities
with use by those from a
wide catchment area.
Small Local Usually surrounded by City Standard Pe- Pathways: P3 Pedestrian: 3000K-
Parks residential zones and do destrian Pole Top Path Edges¹: P5 4000K Min Ra85
(No through not provide any through Lighting Range
Site Access) site access. In many
instances they are ad- If sufficient light
equately lit by street light- levels are pro-
ing and additional lighting vided by exist-
is not required. ing surrounding
street lighting then
further lighting
types may not be
required. Consult
with the City of
Sydney
Small Local Parks City Standard Pe- Pathways: P3 Pedestrian: 3000K-
(Through Site Access destrian Pole Top Path Edges¹: P5 4000K Min Ra85
Pathway) Lighting Range
conditions, risk of crime and can be confirmed by advice from the City of Sydney. In all locations lighting levels are subject
to consideration of the surrounding lighting levels. In areas of CCTV locations, 4 lux vertical illumination is to be provided.
Consult with the City of Sydney for the latest requirements.
¹Path edges are defined as the area on either side of a major or minor pathway that is the same width as the path itself.

3
Sports Field Lighting Approach to Sports Field Lighting

Some of the City’s parks accommodate active recreation Lighting is to be in line with the requirements of AS 2560
night time use for training, hard court sports and other Sports Lighting which is also to be used to determine
activities such as jogging and walking around perimeter the appropriate training standard and sporting code. In
pathways. addition, the following is to be considered:
• Lighting levels are generally to meet training
standard (not above)
• Consider amenity impacts and include measures
to reduce spill light to neighbouring areas
• Include sustainability provisions in the lighting
control strategy, including:
- The use of automatic timers and light
adjustment timers;
- Multiple switching to allow only required
areas to be on;
- Ensure the lighting is used only when sport
is prearranged with the City and where
needed to ensure a safe venue for users
Redfern Oval, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney Redfern Oval, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
Redfern Oval, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney Prince Alfred Park, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
40/97
Plazas • Lighting should not be uniform across the site
but should utilise shadow and light to create
Plazas are characterised by pedestrian only activity and focal points and engage the users.
are mainly located in areas with a focus on night time • Sculptures or public art within the plaza may be
activities. They are categorised as: hightlighted.
• Light level requirements for plazas are based on
• City Centre Plazas the level of pedestrian activity, levels of crime
• Village Main Street/ Activity Strip Plazas and CCTV requirements. Where a range of levels
• Plazas in Urban Renewal Areas is provided in the Toolkit, the appropriate level is
to be determined in consultation with the City.
Plazas provide a community meeting zone and a space • The main thoroughfare and through passages
to sit and relax within the urban context of the City. The are to be lit in accrodance with the light level
lighting schemes for such areas need to reflect the higher requirements listed below. Lighting should allow
night-time pedestrian activity and use, and use particular for modulation in perimeter zones and pocket
lighting treatments to distinguish the plazas from the areas.
streetscape and main pedestrian routes at night-time. The • Lighting levels should give consideration to
following is to be considered: amenity impacts relating to groups of people
consuming alcohol including in Alcohol Free
Zones.
Toolkit Lighting Palette - Plazas

Lighting Level**
City Centre Plaza S1 Smartpole Range P6/P7/P8 Pedestrian: 3000K-
Main thoroughfare lit in 4000K Min Ra85
City Standard Pedestrian accordance with P category
Pole Top Lighting Range requirements, allowing for
modulation for other areas
and perimeter.
Village Centre and S2 Smartpole Range P7/P8 Pedestrian: 3000K-

Activity Strip Plaza Main thoroughfare P7 4000K Min Ra85
City Standard Pedestrian allowing for modulation for
Pole Top Lighting Range other areas and perimeter
Urban Renewal Standard S2 Smartpole Range P7/P8 Pedestrian: 3000K-

Main thoroughfare P7 4000K Min Ra85
City Standard Pedestrian allowing for modulation for
Pole Top Lighting Range other areas and perimeter
VIEW OF GREEN SQUARE LIBRARY AND PLAZA FROM BOTANY ROAD
conditions, risk of crime and can be confirmed by advice from the City of Sydney. In areas of CCTV locations, adequate
vertical 4 lux is to be provided. Consult with the City of Sydney for the latest requirements.
3
Under Awning Lighting

Awnings provide a transition from the private to the public • The City may impose conditions on any awning
domain and vice versa. Despite being attached to private lighting requiring it to be switched on or off
buildings they extend into and affect the public domain. between certain hours.
Under Awning Lighting applications have specific • Consideration should be given to control via
requirements as outlined below: photoelectric cell (with manual over-ride switch)
• Avoid uplighitng of glazing elements
• Lighting may be required below awnings to
supplement existing street lighting and ‘spill’ Consult with the City of Sydney for requirements.
lighting from shopfronts and other ground floor
uses to achieve the required lighting level.
• Lighting is to be in line with the requirements
outlined in the functional lighting palette, and to
comply with the same light level requirements
as the street or pedestrian area the awning is
covering; however, with a minimum P3 category
to be achieved. Spill lighting from streetlights
and other City of Sydney infrastructure is to be
considered. Consult with the City of Sydney for
additional lighting level requirements.
• Lighting must be recessed into the awning and
be integral to the awning’s structure and form
• All associated wiring and conduits are to be
completely concealed
• Lighting fittings should be readily accessible to
support their regular maintenance
Queen Victoria Building, George Street , Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
42/97
3.4.5 The Public /Private Domain Interface
Private development lighting schemes often have Building Façade Lighting

implications on the public domain particularly proposals
for: It is generally not considered appropriate and it is
• Building Façade Lighting discouraged to light all building facades, in order to
• Retail Frontages avoid light pollution and the unnecessary consumption
• Roof Top illumination of energy and generation of greenhouse gas emissions.
• Illuminated advertising signage However, subtle and well-considered architectural façade
• Through site links lighting applications - where the building architecture is
contributing to the overall strategy and legibility of the city
fabric.
Exterior lighting schemes for buildings will require
Development consent. The City will welcome discussions The following is to be considered:
at the early stage of design development in order to • Over illumination of business premises
achieve the delivery of effective, safe and efficient exterior especially for promotional purposes is to be
lighting schemes. avoided and discouraged
• Lighting is to be appropriate to highlight certain
Illuminated Advertising and signage are subject to architectural features of a building. Floodlighting
separate development assessment processes and are entire facades not supported.
not considered in this Code. • Ordinary buildings are to have low key approach
to lighting so as not to compete with civic
Key planning controls to be referenced include: landmarks and distinctive accents.
• Sydney DCP 2012 • External lighting fixtures are to be integrated with
• Central Sydney DCP the architecture of the building where possible
and the daytime appearance of the luminaires is
All private lighting related designs that interface with the not to be visually imposing.
public domain are to be submitted to the City of Sydney • Dark recesses in building facades affect the
for review. Liaise with the City of Sydney to confirm perception of safety within the streetscape of
project specific lighting requirements. the public domain. Adequate lighting should be
provided to these areas as an integrated part of
the building façade lighting scheme.
Key considerations
General
General key considerations for the public private interface
include the following:
• AS4282 ‘Control of the Obtrusive Effects of
Outdoor Lighting’ addresses the minimisation of
light spill and light pollution into the night sky
• All external lighting systems must be energy
efficient and subject to appropriate times of
operation unless they form part of the City’s
lighting strategy.
• LED downlighting is preferred over up lighting to
minimise light pollution
• Extreme contrasts brightness is to be avoided
• Publicly accessible privately owned open spaces
to adhere to AS/NZ 1158 to “P” levels directed
by City staff.

3
Retail Frontages
The City encourages retail window displays to promote • Attractive retail frontages- The brightness of all
pedestrian and economic security. When lighting Retail light sources, luminous surfaces and lit surfaces
frontages, the following is to be considered: that are visible from the street, including
digital and internally lit signage and billboards,
• Shopfronts provide additional light source on shall be limited to maximum 300 candelas/
retail streets. This spill light is to be taken into square meters. Evidence shall be produced
consideration. from a suitably qualified lighting designer or
• Recesses in ground floor retail frontages are to the manufacturer of the signage element; any
be considered. deviations or areas of higher brightness need
• Ground Floor Interiors have an impact on public to be reviewed by the City of Sydney. (Steensen
domain lighting. Consult with the City of Sydney. Varming to confirm wording)
• Where appropriate, consideration of night-time
controls to reduce or turn off shopfront lighting
after 2am.
Apple Store, George Street, Paul Patterson /City of Sydney
44/97
Through Site Links
Lighting to through site links should provide a seamless Lighting provision for through site links is to consider the
extension of adjacent street lighting improving legibility following:
and providing continuity signifying public access.
Lighting should also create an atmosphere that is safe • Provide a seamless extension of adjacent street
and inviting for users. Appropriate light levels and quality lighting.
is to be discussed with the City of Sydney. • Lighting proposals to consider open sightlines
which complement observation/lighting from
For many development proposals the planning adjacent buildings.
controls require the provision of through site links to
limit the length and size of the street blocks to improve
accessibility. The City usually requires that public access
be maintained to the through-site link 24 hours a day, 7
days per week.
Through site link, Hay/Campbell Street, Haymarket, City of Sydney

3
3.5 Standard Lighting Palette 3.5.1 Smartpoles and Lumianires

Smartpoles are shared services street poles that support
Introduction the following services and integrate the following
accessories:
This section of the Code outlines the technical • RTA signals and signage
parameters of the lighting elements as defined in each • Street Lighting
toolkit. All luminaires implemented in an area under • Communications (such as mobile cellular net
the control of the City of Sydney are to comply with the work providers)
following technical parameters. • Council requirements (such as CCTV, signage
and lighting)
(Source: Smartpole Product Manual)
Installation Requirements
When works are undertaken on local streets and The required services and accessories for each smart
footpaths, the Sydney Streets Technical Specifications pole are to be reviewed in the context of each application
provide developers, consultants, service providers and in line with the Smartpole Product Manual.
City of Sydney staff with the standards and details for
design and construction. Smartpole Types and Applications
The current Smartpole range applicable for use in the City
The Sydney Streets Technical Specifications sets out the of Sydney includes:
requirements for the installation of street lighting under • S1 Smartpole range
the direct control of the City. • S2 Smartpole range
• S3 Smartpole range
The Specifications can be downloaded on: http://www.
cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/development/public-domain- The combination of specific components in each
works/da-associated-works/sydney-streets-technical- Smartpole application must be investigated on a case-
specifications by-case basis to ensure structural and other design
parameters are addressed. Each installation and design
must be certified in accordance with the current version of
the Smartpole Product Manual.
Smartpoles provided through developers’ public

domain works must comply with City requirements.
Where required Smartpoles cannot be installed along
a development frontage, they may be required to be
installed on the opposite side of the street.
The following sections are intended to illustrate the

range and general characteristics of the Smartpole
range. Detailed design for each installation may vary,
and is subject to specific site conditions and service
requirements. Guidance should be sought from the
City of Sydney and relevant authorities to confirm the
specifications in each location.
46/97
S1 Smartpole
City Centre Village Local Urban Heritage Pedestrian Parks Plazas Light Rail
and Centres / Streets Renewal Areas Connections Streets
Gateways Activity Areas
Strips

3
S2 Smartpole
Strips
• •
Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
48/97
S3 Smartpole - Light Rail Range
Strips
•
The City’s existing Smartpoles are not capable of sup- Range includes:
porting the load of overhead light rail wires. To avoid the • George Street Light Rail Smartpole Range -
need for an intrusive second set of poles in the street, the George Street as a distinctive street will have its
City and HUB are developing a new, stronger pole which own custom designed S3 Smartpoles
can carry lighting, overhead wires, signage and signal- • a General Use Catenary S3 smartpole for streets
ling. other than George Street
S3B S3A S3A S3C
Concept designs for S3 Smartpole – verify final design and specification with the City of Sydney

3
Smartpole Luminaire Palette
Luminaire Luminaire Pole Application Lighting Light Source

Image Distribution
Luminaire: S1, S2, S3 City Centre, Asymmetric LED lamp life L80 @ 50,000 hours,
GE Evolve General Village Centre Medium or light source efficacy 85lumens/W, CRI
Modulare Use and Activity Wide Beam 70
Roadway (Catenary) Strips, Light Rail, light distribu-
R250; Shared and Pe- tion. Selection
Manufac- destrian Priority to be based
turer: GE Zones, Cycleway on application
Lighting Application, Pe- requirements.
destrian cross-
ings, Plazas
1 Module 1 Module Available Packages in
Fitting 4300K:
39W medium distribution = 3020lm

39W wide distribution = 2960lm
Fitting 4300K:

Fitting 4300K:
138W medium distribution = 10,600lm

138W wide distribution = 10,370lm
158W medium distribution =
12,140lmlm
178W wide distribution =13,330lm
Fitting 4300K:

Luminaire: S3 George George Street Diffused LED module within diffused (UV
George Street even lighting resistant) cylinder.
Street Bea- Pedestrian with colour
con Com- Smartpole changing LED with RGBA/RGBW ability.
ponent possibility
Manufac-
turer: TBC
50/97
Luminaire Luminaire Pole Application Lighting Light Source
Image Distribution
Luminaire: S3 George George Street 180 degree LED module, 1050mA, 3000-3200K
George Street sweep CCT, LED L70 @ 50,000hrs, Colour
Street Pedestrian asymmetric Consistency C3 @50,000hrs
Area Smartpole reflector Luminous Efficacy: 73lumens/W,
Lighting integrated into CRI≥80, 2 step MacAdam Ellipse,
Component pole IP66 rated module
Manufac- 2 Module Package (max 12m

turer: TBC spacing)
82.8W @ 6,000lm (lumen package of
modules excluding reflector losses)
3 Module Package (max 15m

spacing)
124.2W = 9,000lm (lumen package of
modules excluding reflector losses)
Luminaire: S3 George George Street 360 degree 24 x 2.3W LED modules, Cree, 700mA
George Street sweep housed in integrated enclosure
Street Pedestrian asymmetric 2600-3200K CCT
Pedestrian Smartpole reflector LED L70 @ 60,500hrs
Lighting integrated into Luminous efficacy: 80lumens/W,
Component pole CRI≥85
Manufac-
turer: TBC
Luminaire: S3 George George Street Narrow or 1 x LED module, 700mA, 3000K-

George Street Medium 3200K, LED L80 @ 50,000hrs, Colour
Street Pedestrian beam light Consistency C3 @50,000hrs,
Tree Smartpole distribution Luminous efficacy: 82lumens/W,
Lighting (pending final CRI≥85
Component pole and tree
locations) 6 housings @ 11.3W per luminaire
Manufac- (Details of housings to be confirmed)
turer: TBC

3
3.5.2 Ausgrid Lighting Poles
Strips
• •
Generally in locations not designated for Smartpoles the Impact on Street Trees
street and footpath lighting in the City of Sydney is owned
and maintained by the energy supply authority (Ausgrid). Where possible, upgraded lighting designs should use
existing serviceable poles, and avoid trimming of tree
For new streets or streetscape upgrades involving the canopies.
installation of new poles, the pole, luminaire and lamp New pole installations and lighting designs shall be co-
types to be used shall be supported by the energy supply ordinated with street tree locations and other streetscape
authority (Ausgrid), and comply with this Code. elements to avoid conflict.
Where power is not to be undergrounded, aerial bundling

of cables to minimise impact on street trees is required.
Ausgrid Lighting Poles Palette
Luminaire Luminaire Image Pole Application Lighting Light Source

Distribution
Refer to Ausgrid Galvansied Steel Local Streets, Refer to Ausgrid Refer to Ausgrid
Ausgrid Pole for streets with under- Urban Renewal Standard Standard
Standard ground power supply. Areas Luminaire Suite Luminaire Suite
Luminaire
Suite Range includes poles of
various heights and outreach
arm lengths
Refer to Ausgrid Wooden pole con- Local Streets, Refer to Ausgrid Refer to Ausgrid
Ausgrid sists of lighting outreach arm Urban Renewal Standard Standard
Standard attached to timber electricity Areas Luminaire Suite Luminaire Suite
Luminaire transmission pole.
Suite
Range includes various
outreach arm lengths in
response to street width and
tree canopy cover.
Refer to Ausgrid Standard Luminaire Suite for further information. http://www.ausgrid.com.au/
52/97
3.5.3 Heritage poles and luminaires
Strips
The Rocks/ Harbour Village North Precinct of the City of

Sydney is an area of heritage character and importance.
These lighting poles are used in this area to suit the archi-
tectural aesthetic and heritage streetscape and may only
be used in rare occaisions outside of the Rocks area.
Consult with the City of Sydney for applicable locations.
Heritage Lighting Poles Palette

Distribution
Luminaire: Rocks Column Heritage Areas CoS to advise CoS to advise
Rocks Style
Column

3
3.5.4 Wall Mounted luminaires
Strips
• • •
(laneways (laneways (laneways
only) only) only)
Wall mounted light installations are most commonly Application of wall mounted luminaires should consider
used for laneways or narrow streets for both street and the urban design impact on the streetscape and mount-
pedestrian lighting where poles cannot be installed. This ing surface (including heritage considerations)
is usually a result of the absence of adequate footpaths
for safe pole installation, the location of major in-ground All instances of wall-mounted lighting installations are to
services that prevent installation of poles and footings, be determined by the City of Sydney.
or as a strategy to reduce clutter of pole elements in the
public domain.
Wall Mounted Lighting Palette

Distribution
Luminaire: n/a laneways / Asymmetric Small (single) Module
Evolve LED outreach arm may narrow streets Forward or wide Available packages for
Area Light be applicable light distribution 4000K:
Manufacturer:
GE Lighting 50W = 3130lm
63W = 4050lm
76W = 4970lm
89W = 5890lm
101W = 6810lm
General:
Small (single) Lamp Life L85 at
Module 50,000H, CRI70,
light source efficacy
67lumens/W
Medium
(Double)
Module
54/97
3.5.5 Pedestrian Pole Top Luminaires
Strips
• • • • • •
The provision of pedestrian pole top lighting is mainly These lighting elements also have street based ap-
used to provide required lighting levels to public spaces plications for situations where additional illumination is
such as plazas and parks. required for pedestrian and cycle priority use as well as
publicly accessible privately owned spaces that have a
similar requirement for provision of adequate pedestrian
lighting.
Pedestrian Pole Top Lighting Palette

Distribution
Luminaire: City Standard tapered steel Parks, Plazas, Asymmetric or LED, 4100K
Evolve LED pole. Local Streets. symmetric
Post Top Micaceous Iron Oxide Grey/ Min. light source
Twin Con- Metropolis Bronze Pearl/ Often used efficiency 65
temporary, Black colour finish* for retrofitting lumens/watt
Tiered purposes LED lamp lifeL85
Circular Pole Height: 4.5m-6m at 50,000H CRI
65
Manufac-
turer: GE 4,630lm @ 86W
Lighting 2,380lm @ 49W
Luminaire: City Standard tapered steel Parks, Plazas, Asymmetric or LED, 4100K
Evolve LED pole. Local Streets. symmetric
Post Top Micaceous Iron Oxide Grey/ Min. light source
Twin Con- Metropolis Bronze Pearl/ Often used efficiency 65
temporary, Black colour finish* for retrofitting lumens/watt
Tiered Cone purposes LED lamp lifeL85
Pole Height: 4.5m-6m at 50,000H CRI
Manufac- This is the City 65
turer: GE preferred lumi-
Lighting naire. 4,630lm @ 86W
2,380lm @ 49W
Luminaire: City Standard tapered steel Parks, Plazas, Asymmetric LED 4100K
Evolve Duna pole. Local Streets. Wide/ Asym-
Micaceous Iron Oxide Grey/ metric Forward/ Min. light source
Manufac- Metropolis Bronze Pearl/ Often used Symmetric efficiency 65
turer: GE Black colour finish* for retrofitting lumens/watt LED
Lighting purposes lamp life L85 @
Pole Height: 4.5m-6m 50,000H
Luminaire: City Standard tapered steel Laneway/ CoS to advise CoS to advise
Odyssey pole. Narrow Local
LED Micaceous Iron Oxide Grey/ Streets.
Metropolis Bronze Pearl/
Manufac- Black colour finish*
turer: GE
Lighting Pole Height: 4.5m-6m
Note: Selection of Luminaire made based on required light distribution / performance and to match existing elements, CoS to confirm.
* Selection of pole colour made based to match existing elements / CoS palette, CoS to confirm.

3
Luminaire: Custom Pole Design City Centre TBC by CoS TBC by CoS
City of Syd-
ney Custom This fitting is
Pole Light* to be used in
high profile/
Manufac- high activity
turer: GE areas as
Lighting directed by the
City. Consult
with the City
of Sydney for
application
confirmation.
* Currently under development
56/97
3.5.6 Pedestrain Connecting Spaces Luminaires
Strips
•
In certain instances, pole lighting may not be a viable
lighting solution. In this instance a catenary floodlight
option may be viable. Consult with the City for
application.
Pedestrian Connecting Spaces Lighting Palette

Distribution
CoS to CoS to advise Pedestrian CoS to advise CoS to advise
advise Crossings
(Sylvania)

Sydney Lights
Part Four
Creative Lighting
Masterplan
Paddington Reservoir Gardens, Eric Sierins/City of Sydney
4
Creative Lighting Masterplan

4.1 Introduction 4.3 City Structure and Precincts
In addition to fulfilling functional lighting requirements this The overarching lighting strategy considers the
Code recognises the importance of lighting to reinforce a pedestrian experience within the context of the night time
sense of place, influence the appearance and character environment. The following elements collectively facilitate
of streetscapes, buildings, and public spaces, and the legibility of the city through illumination and navigation
contribute to a lively engaging city experience for people which can be read from afar, looking in, as well as at a
to enjoy. pedestrian level.
Proposals for creative lighting applications are assessed

by the City of Sydney on a case-by-case basis, taking 4.3.1 City Centre Skyline
into consideration the overall design, the site context, and Major towers in the City Centre contribute to the
compliance with the requirements of this Code. identity of the City by providing a unique profile and
expression of the skyline. Attention to building capitals
and capping buildings with light has the most impact
4.2 Strategic Approach on the development of a strong night time skyline. The
To be energy efficient and visually effective the Code relationship between functional lighting applications,
advocates a targeted use of creative lighting applications creative lighting applications and lighting for private
with the city’s fabric appearing as a backdrop to selected developments needs to be considered and balanced to
highlighted places, precincts and elements. The Creative re-enforce the overall legibility of the city structure.
lighting applications comprise of three components:
Roof Top Illumination
• Care is to be taken in the methods of illumination
City Structure and Precincts to ensure that the City does not become over
- lighting applications to reinforce the legibility of the city illuminated. The illumination of City buildings
structure or highlight key city precincts; must be rationalised to effect a stronger, tidier
appearance and in doing so create striking long-
Distinctive accents distance vistas of the City.
– lighting applications to individual elements across the • Close attention is to be paid to building capitals,
city such as monuments, trees and landmark buildings as ‘capping’ the building with light creates a strong
night-time skyline.
Special Lighting Elements • Techniques and fixtures that minimise upward spill
– use of special non- standard lighting elements for light and energy consumption are to be employed.
functional lighting applications as a means to reinforce a • Development Applications are to demonstrate, by
distinctive sense of place and character; photomontage, the effect in the field of view from
distant vantage points.
• Where uplighting is proposed evidence must be
provided to demonstrate that no waste spill light or
obtrusive effects will result and that downlighting is
not possible in the circumstances.
60/97
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City Structure and Precincts
City Centre and Gateways

CA
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NY
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NERS R
D Village Centres and Activity Strips
Light Rail Streets

Harbour Foreshore Walk

4
4.3.2 Harbour Foreshore 4.3.3 Precincts & Village Main Streets

Approach
Sydney’s beauty is often defined by its harbour and Primarily, the ‘Lighting Overlay’ strategy recognises Syd-
foreshore. Lighting applications can reinforce important ney as a network of distinctive precincts; each with their
aspects of the city’s relationship to the Harbour edge as own unique program and identity. Together they provide a
well as promote the foreshore walk which acts as a linking diverse range of attractions across the City.
element between existing and growing destinations such
as Pyrmont, Darling Harbour, Barangaroo, Walsh Bay, The These precincts are known as:
Rocks/Harbour Village North and Circular Quay. • Chinatown
• Harbour Village North
Direction • Oxford Street
The lighting strategy to the Foreshore walk should create • Kings Cross
an overall and consistent experience. Lighting should • Greensquare Town Centre
allow for experiencing the harbour at night-time in a safe
and guided way, whilst allowing view across and to the
water. Considerations shall be given to the use of low
level pedestrian or furniture lighting to mark the water’s The lighting strategy in each precinct should be tailored
edge whilst maintaining vistas. to express the identity of the area. The full project scope
and lighting applications will be subject to the preparation
The lighting scheme must acknowledge that the of individual lighting master plans for each distinctive City
Foreshore walk land is not solely owned by the City of precinct.
Sydney. The City of Sydney encourages the lighting
strategy in this area to be adopted by other landowners to
create consistency in the public domain.
Circular Quay Panorama, Vivid 2010, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
62/97
Chinatown
Approach Direction
Chinatown has a unique identity expressing the vibrancy The significance of this dense community in the City
of Asian Culture and street life in Sydney. Focused on the provides the opportunity to allow for the layered growth of
pedestrianised Dixon Street, small businesses from all the illuminated advertising which has become a hallmark
over Asia owners populate the area in restaurants, food of the contemporary Asian metropolis.
halls, stores, karaoke venues, bars and markets. This
vibrant destination appeals to all age groups, residents The area will offer a lighting destination, distinct in
and visitors during the day and in the evening. that it is not controlled design but ordered chaos. This
allows the community and businesses to help define the
development of their own unique precinct. The Hong
Kong or Shibuja experience being brought to Sydney.
Chinatown, google search, Chinatown, artist’s impression, McGregor Coxall

photographer unknown

4
Harbour Village North
Approach Direction
The Harbour Village North and surrounding areas, offer The lighting strategy in this area is focussing on subtle
a precinct rich with architectural history, typologies and warm building façade lighting to enhance heritage
closely weaved in together expressing the city’s past in a features of the built and landscaped environment. The
dense, reminiscent spatial environment unlike any other façade lighting needs to consider and respect the
in Sydney. The opulence of history witnessed in this built heritage fabric of the buildings, and will be supplemented
environment is prevalent in buildings, ground treatment by street and pathway lighting.
and even immense infrastructural feats. Coupled with
its harbour side location and the precincts role as portal Non heritage buildings may be lit from within to
for international visitors, the Harbour Village North distinguish these from heritage buildings.
has a purely distinct character. This area provides an
unparalleled opportunity to celebrate heritage through The lighting in this area must consider SHFA guidelines
lighting in a means that can tell a story and enhance for the adjacent Rocks area.
Sydney’s historical narrative from the very origin point of
its development. Curated by the City and characterised
by the warmth of illuminated Australian sandstone, this
controlled environment provides a place in the urban
strategy, which can become an evening destination
appealing to a variety of age groups.
Harbour Village North, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
64/97
Oxford Street
Approach Direction
Oxford Street describes the rich development of culture The lighting strategy in this area is to consider and
capable within a progressive and active city. This distinct include the following elements
night oriented corridor is home to a highly expressive and • Ability to change lighting scheme or certain
celebrated gay community who alongside the many other features of scheme on a regular (yearly) basis
locals generate a hive of evening activity. The mood of • Use of catenary lighting which includes a
this region is distinct within Australian nightlife populated curated light art element
by a huge diversity of characters growing particularly • Consideration of lighting projections if suitable to
towards later hours of the evening. This segment of the the curated installation
urban strategy looks at a curated, controlled yet highly
expressive and changeable lighting environment. The
environment would be distinct, channelling the vibrancy
and uniqueness inherent in the local community. The
dynamic nature of this region would be further expressed
though changing curatorial roles and a lighting scheme
which is able to respond to the mood of streetscape
across different times of the day/ year.
Oxford Street, artist’s impression, McGregor Coxall
Claire Scoville Dancer.Jordan, 2010,NYC, Karim Rashid Dnarim, 2010, Milan,

google search, photographer unknown google search, photographer unknown

4
Kings Cross
Approach
Kings cross is Sydney’s home of illuminated icons. Direction
From known landmarks such as the CocaCola Sign and The lighting strategy for Kings Cross is to respond to the
the El Alamein Fountain to neon signage, exaggeration tone of the night’s activity cycle, helping facilitate active
dominates the senses. This highly accessible, night hours and soften the mood of the area outside these
oriented area while being known as Sydney’s Red light periods.
districts is also the location of countless of evening
destinations which provide an attraction for locals all over The lighting strategy in this area is to combine various
Sydney. lighting elements into a holistic strategy, and should
consider and integrate the use of catenary lighting
installations in specific circumstances, façade lighting
and coloured illuminated signage. The focus of the
overlay should be concentrated along Darlinghurst Road /
Bayswater Road entertainment precincts.
Peter McGregor Llankelly Place Lights, Kings Cross, artist’s impression, McGregor Coxall
2001, Kings Cross 2001, Kings Cross
Newell Harry Circles in the Round,

2010, Temperance Lane
66/97
Green Square Town Centre
Approach
Green Centre Town Centre will be the focal point of the Direction
Green Square Urban Renewal area. The Green Square Town Centre public domain strategy
provides directions to creative a distinctive character and
The Civic Place (Green Square Plaza) will form the memorable place that will be achieved through elements
heart of the Green Square Town Centre. It will provide a such as iconic built form features, landscape, special
grand civic space offering as the location of the library, street feature and creative lighting applications that could
communal space for play, learning, and cultural events. include use of catenary as well as special pole elements.
Surrounding the civic place is an offer of retail and
restaurants.
Green Square photomontage, Stewart Hollenstein, City of Sydney

VIEW OF GREEN SQUARE LIBRARY AND PLAZA FROM BOTANY ROAD
4
Village Main Streets

Approach
Creative lighting applications may also be limited to a Village Main Street creative lighting applications will
Village Main street context rather than a broader precinct further reinforce street hierarchy and contribute to an
approach. These streets include: enhanced retail and night time experience.
• King Street, Newtown;

• Crown Street, Surry Hills; Strategic Direction
• Glebe Point Road, Glebe; • The functional lighting, in line with the
• Redfern Street, Redfern; functional lighting palette of this code, is to be
• Darlinghurst Road, Kings Cross supplemented and enhanced with an additional
• Oxford Street, Darlinghurst layer of engaging, and pedestrian focussed
• Harris Street, Pyrmont lighting.
• Botany Road • Lighting is to respond to the unique character of
the street.
• Lighting should be appropriate for human scale
and human activity, and focus on pedestrian
movement through the area.
• The lighting strategies in these areas should
utilise lighting treatments such as tree lighting,
façade lighting, relevant sculpture/feature
lighting and/or integrated furniture lighting.
• To achieve the above directions, special lighting
elements and luminaires outside the standard
functional lighting palette can be used.
Jubilee Square, Glebe Point Road, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
68/97
4.3.4 City Centre
City Centre - Creative Lighting

George Street
Martin Place
Major City Squares / Plazas
Laneways
East-West Connections

4
George Street
Approach Direction
George Street is the City’s central spine, with priority for A specific lighting strategy and masterplan has been
public transport and pedestrians. This central boulevard developed in 2013. Key aspects include:
connects the major city squares and is to provide a • Consistent lighting techniques along the length
unique experience, differing to the other areas within the of the street, incorporating a custom and
city centre. unique lighting structure to create a strong and
recognisable identity
• Curated architectural lighting/ façade lighting as
background for the night- time environment and as a
contributor to perceived brightness
• Tree lighting to enhance landscaped elements and
the streetscape
• A dynamic lighting layer the follows the movement
of the light rail, contributing to safety and creating a
dimensions of spectacle and engagement
Refer to the George Street Lighting Master Plan 2013 for

further information.
George Street Lighting Concept by Stensen Varming for George Street Lighting Master Plan
70/97
Martin Place
Approach Strategic Direction
Martin Place is a key City Centre Plaza and shared zone In order to create the conditions for unique and specific
for pedestrians and cyclists. The Martin Place Lighting responses within a harmonious context, the following
Masterplan is currently being developed to provide design strategies have been developed:
lighting principles to inform future lighting renovations and
development in the precinct. These principles are to act • Enhancement of the continuity of the pedestrian
as benchmark project for future city centre plaza/square zones spanning the length of the precinct
lighting masterplans. • Conceptualising of the precinct as a collage of
‘moments’
• Specification of unique lighting treatments,
appropriate to the style and scale, to individual
buildings and objects
• Establishment of a luminance hierarchy to
promote way-finding and legibility, and avoid
visual fatigue
• Use of lighting features such as façade lighting
and lighting of monuments and also different
light levels to articulate that the character of
Martin Place is different from the vehicular cross
streets in lighting ambiance.

4
City Centre East West Connections

In order to create the conditions for unique and specific
responses within a harmonious context, the following
East-West Pedestrian Connections: Six key city design strategies have been developed:
centre east-west connectors have been identified as
playing a significant role in the pedestrian experience • Enhancement of the continuity of the pedestrian
and wayfinding ability. These include: zones spanning the length of the precinct
- Hay Street • Conceptualising of the precinct as a collage of
- Park Street- Druitt Street ‘moments’
- Market Street • Specification of unique lighting treatments,
- King Street appropriate to the style and scale, to individual
- Hunter Street- Curtin Place- Margaret Street- buildings and objects
Wynyard Walk • Establishment of a luminance hierarchy to
- Bridge Street- Grosvenor Street- Kent Street promote way-finding and legibility, and avoid
Underpass visual fatigue
• Use of lighting features such as façade lighting
and lighting of monuments and also different
light levels to articulate that the character of
Martin Place is different from the vehicular cross
streets in lighting ambiance.
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Laneways
The City Centre laneway revitalisation program provides • Lighting is to respond to the unique character,
the opportunity for special lighting applications to history and features of each laneway.
reinforce legibility of the city and create laneways as a • The lighting strategy in these areas should
destination. utilise light art, catenary lighting, façade lighting
and/or integrated furniture lighting to revitalise
these underused spaces and create a ‘laneway’
culture.
• Lighting should be appropriate for human scale
and human activity.
• Lighting should engage the public and activate
the space.
• Lighting is to provide minimum requirements
for both pedestrians and vehicles. If light art
is used for functional lighting requirements,
the installation is to be approved by a lighting
designer to ensure minimum requirements have
been met.
• Lighting design may utilise a range of different
colour temperatures as long as the base lighting
requirements are met. Coloured lighting is to be
devised in consultation with the City of Sydney.
Lighting not considered appropriate:

• Street Lighting types
• General floodlight applications
• Festoon type lighting
Light Breezes, ARUP, VIVID installation 2012, Cambridge Street, Sydney Forgotten Songs, Michael Thomas Hill, Angel Place,
The Rocks, City of Sydney Sydney, City of Sydney

4
4.4 Distinctive Accents
4.4.1 Approach
Civic Buildings
Distinctive Accents are considered as unique elements Lighting applications can call attention to distinctive
within the city, which do not qualify as precincts civic buildings and other landmarks that are worthy of
themselves but are integral to the overall legibility of the accentuation to help create reference points and aid in
city and enhance the perception of urban form. way-finding, particularly in areas outside the city centre.
Distinctive Accents work to provide an active lighting Strategic Directions

environment across the city without disrupting the • Buildings with distinctive lighting applications
dominant impact and key identities of the precincts. are to be chosen selectively and in consultation
Distinctive Accents hold their own unique identity with the City of Sydney. Most of the city should
and may take on varied roles though such as artistic appear as a backdrop to a few special buildings
interventions and landmarks. and places that have distinctive lighting.
• Timer controls are to be used to limit the
The classification and application of Distinctive Accents duration of distinctive lighting applications.
will be assessed individually on a case by case basis by All distinctive lighting is to be non-operable
the City of Sydney and can include the following: after 2am to reduce energy consumption and
• Civic buildings excessive light pollution.
• Monuments • Light sources to light heritage building are to
• Civil Infrastructure including underpasses and be incandescent in appearance with a colour
pedestrian tunnels temperature range of 2500K – 3200K to give
• Parks a warm glow to historic architecture. Refer to
• Plazas 3.4.2 Heritage Areas for further information. All
• Tree lighting other light source colour temperatures are to be
• Temporary Events selected to enhance the architectural quality,
• Public Art colour and texture of the building.

Distinctive accents can be temporary, permanent or • Lighting on buildings which can detract from the
dynamic and can include a variety of lighting techniques architectural qualities (e.g. festoon lighting on
such as: architecturally expressive façade)
• Strategically selected façade lighting, using • Broad indiscriminate floodlighting of facades
colour and media façade techniques where from large light sources located remotely from
appropriate only; the building. These significantly impact on glare
• Concealed and integrated architectural lighting and sky glow. Floodlighting should be directed
(e.g. lighting of heritage buildings or features) to enhance building architecture and detailing.
• Lighting of public art, or creation of decorative • Coloured lighting is only to be used in specific
lighting sculptures to enhance streetscapes and circumstances in consultation with the City of
laneways; Sydney.
• Projected images, which are capable of being
choreographed to create changing effects;
• Temporary decorative lighting, associated with
special events, cultural and civic festivities.
If applied selectively, distinctive accent lighting

responsibly addresses energy consumption, sky glow
and other environmental impacts.
Queen Victoria Building, George Street, Paul Patterson /

City of Sydney
74/97
Monuments
Lighting of selected public monuments within the City of Lighting not considered appropriate:
Sydney can create a sense of prominence and express • Broad indiscriminate floodlighting of monuments
the history of an area. from large light sources located remotely from
the building.
Strategic Directions • Coloured lighting is only to be used in specific
circumstances in consultation with the City of
• Monuments are to be selected for significant Sydney.
public merit and to establish recognisable night
time landmarks.
• Timer controls are to be used to limit the
duration of distinctive lighting applications.
All distinctive lighting is to be non-operable
after 2am to reduce energy consumption and
excessive light pollution.
• Light sources are to be of appropriate colour
temperature to enhance the natural colour,
materiality and texture of the monument.
Consult with the City of Sydney for specific
requirements.
• The lighting design is to accentuate specific
features of interest and is not to floodlight.
• Luminaires should be located so they do not
visually interfere with viewing the monument.
Glebe War Memorial, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney

4
Plazas
City Centre public plazas and squares, act as Strategic Direction
recognisable meeting places and spaces to sit and
relax within the urban context of the City. Plazas provide • Plaza lighting should be designed and
opportunity for community activities, voicing opinions, integrated into the urban fabric and landscape
sitting areas and meeting areas. They provide a pocket of design of the space.
space allowing reprieve from the busy main city streets. • Lighting should respond to and highlight the
Lighting should therefore reflect a more subtle, integrated uniqueness and character of each plaza.
approach, with pedestrian focus. • Luminaires should be concealed from view
wherever possible and the daytime view of the
fittings should be considered and minimised.
A distinctive and creative approach may be taken for • Lighting should not be uniform across the site
specific plazas in consultation with the City of Sydney but should utilise shadow and light to create
focal points and engage the users.
• Sculptures or public art within the plaza may be
highlighted.
• Vertical façade lighting unique and appropriate
to the style and scale of individual buildings
and objects. In some instances façade lighting
to contribute to pedestrian pathway lighting, if
controlled and maintained by CoS.
• Street level lighting to be relative to façade
brightness rather than uniform throughout.
• Tree lighting to enhance landscaped elements
amongst the paved experience
• Lighting to provide a series of pedestrian
‘moments’ throughout the site.

• Flood-lit spaces with uniform brightness across
the entire park
• Use of solely pole lighting applications.
• Lighting that focusses on ground illumination
only
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Parks
Parks that have a unique character or are a night time Strategic Direction
destination have potential to include a creative lighting
overlay. Parks provide an important social function • Meet the basic lighting requirements as defined
within the City both during the day and in enhancing the in the functional lighting palette for a general
night time economy. These areas require an individual park. The lighting types used to achieve these
lighting strategy that is to be developed to align with the levels are open to the designer in conjunction
parameters set out for general parks. with CoS. Luminaires must comply with the
technical requirements outlined in Section Two.
• Heritage parks need to be considered taking
into account existing heritage elements and in
line with relevant heritage conservation plans
and plans of management.
• A creative lighting overlay is encouraged through
use of tree lighting, catenary lighting or furniture
lighting.
• The design of up-light for trees and landscaping
should consider existing site conditions to
ensure limited impact on tree root zones.
• Provision should be made to implement a
holistic lighting strategy for both general use
and ‘event’ use. This may be the case for a park
used for monthly markets. The ‘creative’ lighting
overlay may be turned on for a specific period
each month.
• The lighting scheme for all parks should
consider lighting of the following elements; Main
park entries, park perimeter, main pedestrian
and cycle through pathways and surrounding
areas, selected landscaped areas i.e. trees,
furniture or public art/architectural elements.
• The lighting strategy should utilise both shadow
and light to distinguish the park from the general
streetscape and to provide direction and focus
at night-time.
Lighting not considered appropriate

• Flood-lit spaces with uniform brightness across
the entire park
• Lighting limited to the main pathways only, with
dark trees or bushes surrounding the pathway,
without extending the light into the surrounding
areas.
• Fairy / Festoon type lighting
The Highline New York, google web search, photographer unknown The Highline New York, google web
search, photographer unknown

4
Civil Infrastructure- Underpasses and

Pedestrian Tunnels
Within the City of Sydney there is an opportunity for the Strategic Directions
mundane and often non- attractive civil infrastructure,
• General lighting to utilise wall mount, catenary,
such as road viaducts, underpasses and pedestrian
furniture and light art lighting typologies rather
tunnels, to be subject to distinctive lighting interventions
than pole mounted luminaires.
to create unexpected delight not evident during the day
• Light Art installations must meet functional
without impacting on the strength and identity of the
lighting requirements as outlined in the Standard
distinctive precinct lighting schemes.
Lighting Palette.
• Lighting should be create a feeling of safety and
enhance the night time pedestrian experience.
• Minimum lighting requirements are to be
sustained from dusk until dawn. If distinctive
lighting is used in conjunction with general
lighting, then timer controls are to be used to
limit the duration of distinctive lighting elements.
All distinctive lighting is to be non-operable
after 2am to reduce energy consumption and
excessive light pollution.
• Lighting elements should provide guidance to
pedestrian users.
• General lighting is to be provided for vehicular
use if required.
• Consideration of transition and visual adaptation
between daytime environment and underpass/
tunnel lighting is required. Surface brightness is
encouraged.

University of Sydney Public Domain, Lighting Design • Strobe or flickering lighting
Steensen Varming, Cavanagh Photography • Glare sources or visible luminous surfaces
Warren Langley, Aspire, 2009, Harris Street, Ultimo
78/97
Tree Lighting
Tree lighting is to be utilised in particular parks and along Strategic Direction

priority pedestrian routes to enhance pedestrian amenity,
the perception of safety and overall feel of brightness. • Use of white light, with a colour temperature
Tree lighting can facilitate and contribute to way finding suitable to the tree type.
and important vistas, and where appropriate, can add a • Luminaires are generally to be located on
more dramatic effect or background. adjacent poles or in ground. In ground lighting
should be directed towards the tree trunk and
underside of the canopy to minimise upward
spill light.
• Consultation with arborist where lighting
positioning affects tree roots or branches.
• Lighting to deciduous trees must be controlled
via a seasonal timer to turn lights off when the
tree is bare.
• Tree lighting is not to contribute to overall lighting
levels. Surrounding
lighting must comply with relevant standards when
tree lighting is turned off.
Control timers to turn off late at night for energy
efficiency, adjust to any seasonal variation of
foliage and avoid disruption to fauna;

• Coloured lighting (unless specifically agreed with
the City of Sydney or provided for a temporary
event only)
• Fairy / Festoon type lighting
Glebe Foreshore, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney

4
Public Art
Public Art provides distinctive elements within the city. Strategic Direction
In some instances these are accentuated by lighting
and in other instances, they are lighting elements in • Light art is to be used in specific areas as
their own right. The City’s Public Art Strategy, 2011 and designated by the CoS to activate a space such
the following Green Square Public Art Strategy 2012, as a laneway and create a unique atmosphere.
provide further strategic directions for both temporary and • Where possible light art should provide sufficient
permanent public art installations. lighting to comply with the recommended
AS1158 lighting levels as designated in the
above character areas and pallets. This
should be confirmed by a lighting designer.
If compliance is not achieved other lighting
elements must be considered as part of the
overall lighting scheme.
• Light art will be reviewed on a case by case
basis for specific locations in line with the
specific intent of the artist
• Minimisation of glare and glare sources are
paramount; lighting is not to distract but
enhance the artwork.
• Mounting of luminaires is not to affect viewing of
the artwork during the day time or the night time.
• Collaboration and dialogue with the artist is
encouraged to ensure the lighting design is
appropriate to the artwork and artist’s intent
• Light art to comply with OH&S issues of public
safety

• General floodlighting without focus
• Artwork mounted luminaires, unless luminaires
form part of or form the artwork
• Strobing or flashing light art
Janet Echelman, Tsunami 1.26, 2011, Town Hall, Sydney
80/97
Temporary Events
Permanent lighting installations can be complemented by Strategic Direction
temporary lighting events. Temporary lighting events can
create theatrical displays for cultural and civic festivities • Lighting is to be designed specifically for an
such as Art and About and Sydney Vivid Festival. event and to be temporary in nature
• OH&S and safety requirements are to be
considered and included in the design, despite
the temporary nature of the installation
• Integrated into lighting structures where practical
to do so
• Consideration and planning of power cable runs
and access points is required
• Use of permanent infrastructure (for mounting
etc) is encouraged, but is to be coordinated with
the City of Sydney.

• Lasers
Richard Goodwin, Russell Lowe, Adrian McGregor, Seven Metre Bar, 2009, Underwood Street, Sydney, Jamie Williams / City of Sydney

4
4.5 Special Lighting Elements

This section outlines basic outlines technical parameters
for use of special lighting elements, providing
benchmarked examples and project references.
4.5.1 Non Standard Poles and Fixtures 4.5.2 Catenary Lighting

Use of special non-standard poles and lighting fixtures to Catenary lighting is a high tension suspended cable
provide functional lighting provision may be appropriate in lighting system that is to be used in plazas, laneways,
certain contexts to reinforce sense of place or character. underpasses, pedestrian tunnels and pedestrian
priority areas in order to differentiate the space from the
The use of these special non- standard elements is surrounding environment and create a more intimate and
subject to approval by the City of Sydney. Unless a informal atmosphere. This lighting application is generally
specific project warrants a custom designed luminaire not supported by CoS, but may be approved in certain
element, the general preference and direction is the use circumstances.
of an existing and available product with local support,
to reduce maintenance costs and streamline City lighting • Light source to be LED, min 65 lumens/watt with
assets management procedures. Both instances offer lamp LED life min 80% at 50,000H. LED CCT
the opportunity for a custom designed pole or lighting may be selected for sight specific applications.
structure. Consult with the City of Sydney for approval.
• Light Distribution is to be asymmetric or
The luminaire in both instances outlined above must symmetric. Above 0° horizontal, the light output
comply with the requirements below: ratio is to be ≤ 10% of lamp lumens (TBC).
• Luminaire should shield light source to prevent • Catenary luminaire to have min IP65 rating, and
upward spill light and direct all light downwards. min IK04 rating
If otherwise, consult with the City of Sydney. • Mounting to be concealed and respective of
• Light source to be LED 3000K/4000K, min 65 building fabric. Refer to Streets Code.
lumens/watt with lamp LED life min 80% at
50,000H
• Light distribution to be rotationally symmetrical,
asymmetric forward throwing or longitudinal
(side throwing), dependant on site location and
lighting requirements. Above 0° horizontal, the
light output ratio is to be ≤ 3% of lamp lumens.
• Luminaire to have min IP65 rating and min IK04
rating
• For mounting detail information refer to the City
of Sydney Streets Code 2013
Prince Alfred Park, Paul Patterson / Pitt Street Mall, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
City of Sydney
82/97
4.5.3 Bollards 4.5.4 Furniture Lighting
Bollard lighting is generally not supported by the City for Integrated lighting in furniture is to be used in parks,
use in the public domain. In some cases a bollard may be plazas, pedestrian priority areas and village centre and
considered, where a particular effect is required or where activity strips. Integrated furniture lighting provides an
views and certain proportions need to be maintained. The informal, playful lighting element within a community area.
use is subject to City of Sydney approval.
• Lighting integration is to be seamless
• Light source to be LED, min 65 lumens/watt with
lamp life min 80% at 50,000H. LED CCT may be
selected for site specific application. Consult
with the City of Sydney for approval.
• Light distribution to be appropriate for context
and installation so as to not cause glare or
upward spill light.
• Luminaires to have min IP65 rating and min IK04
rating.
Jubilee Square, Glebe Point Road, City of Sydney

4
4.6 Creative Lighting –

Implementation
Priority Implementation Plan Creative Lighting Masterplans
It is recommended that a stage approach to For each identified precinct the preparation of a creative
implementation be undertaken. Staging and timing will lighting masterplan that fully scopes the opportunities and
involve identifying project priorities based on: proposed lighting scheme is vital to ensure coordination
with broader public domain proposals for an area.
• Available resources allocated in the City’s capital
works program. A masterplan will also allow the private sector to progress
• Strategic opportunities to link with other existing the development of a lighting scheme for their buildings in
public domain projects and programs such as a consistent and co-ordinated manner.
George Street light rail. In general it will be more
cost effective to implement lighting masterplans Ideally the lighting masterplan should be considered
in conjunction with other projects to achieve as part of an overall Public Domain Plan for a precinct /
efficiencies by co-ordinating with other civil place.
works.
• Contribution a creative lighting application can The lighting masterplan should include:
make to achieve City’s strategic objectives in
Open Sydney, Retail Action Plan, and Tourism • Specific creative lighting masterplan objectives
Action Plan. • Co-ordination with required functional lighting
• Private sector interest to contribute and partner requirements and public domain proposals
with the City to deliver a creative lighting • Guidelines for recommended colour
application. temperature, and approach and directions for
• Capacity to maintain the system to a high level fixtures on buildings and public domain
quality over time. • Implementation strategy
• Energy efficiency considerations
Creative Lighting Masterplans will form the basis for

developing detailed lighting designs and specifications to
allow scheme implementation.
84/97
Wynyard Park

Sydney Lights
Part Five
Maintenance and
Asset Management
5
5.0 Maintenance and Asset Management Procedures

5.1 Asset Management 5.2 Maintenance
The City’s Asset Management Policy is to ensure that the Properly maintained equipment is an essential
City has information knowledge and understanding about prerequisite of all approved lighting installations. It not
the long-term and the cumulative consequences of being only is important from a civic appearance aspect but in
the custodian of public infrastructure. many cases from public safety and security aspects.
Public lighting asset management is based on the All installations will decrease in effectiveness over time
following principles to guide sustainable management of due to aging lamps and the soiling of the exterior of
infrastructure assets. They are: luminaires and reflectors. Aiming suffers due to factors
such as vibration and poor adjustment after lamp
• Take a lifecycle approach – apply a whole of replacement. These characteristics not only spoil the
life methodology for managing infrastructure designed appearance but also waste energy.
assets including planning, acquisition, operation,
maintenance, renewal and disposal The proposed practice for the maintenance of public
• A manageable portfolio of lighting technologies to lighting is to carry out a bulk replacement of lamps at the
minimise lighting maintenance response times end of the effective lamp lifetime, taking into account the
• Sustainable environmental performance economic and operational characteristics of the lamps.
• Best value – balance financial, environmental and Alternatively the preference is to replace defective lamps
social aspects to achieve best value upon notification of faults.
• Decision support systems and knowledge such as GIS
mapping of lighting assets– core systems will include It is recommended to initiate a new maintenance regime
up to date infrastructure asset information to inform for City owned lights. To control total lighting maintenance
decisions costs, the City will adopt a preventive and predictive
• Service levels – infrastructure asset service levels will maintenance regime for all City owned lights. The City
be clearly defined will conduct or contract to have conducted a regular
• Long-term financial plans – asset practices, plans inspection, cleaning and maintenance (including bulk
and systems will enable the development of long term lamp replacement as appropriate) of all decorative lights.
financial plans for asset classes
• Manage risks associated with infrastructure assets; The inspection, cleaning and maintenance cycle should
and be driven primarily by the bulk lamp replacement and
• Continuous improvement of asset management cleaning requirements for the installations (24 or 36
practices months depending on lamp technology and location).
The tasks should include the following:
1. Verification of existing inventory data and corrections

as needed
2. External visual condition assessment of luminaire and
pole/bracket
• Missing, damaged or defective components
• Tree or other interference
• Verify night-time operation
3. Replace any readily replaceable defective or broken
components
4. Determine if current/imminent major repair or
replacement is required and record
5. Cleaning of luminaire lens and refl ectors and, bulk
lamp replacement
6. Coat visible corrosion with rust protection and tough-
up paint as required
7. Re-coat base of pole with rust protection or paint as
appropriate
8. Return recovered components for recycle or
appropriate disposal. Failed lamps should be sent to
an appropriate recycling facility
The City may also pursue night patrols 3-4 times per
year in areas where there are no natural reporting parties
88/97
5.3 Waste Management Plan and Recycling
(eg park safe city staff or security personnel). Lamp Public lighting produces a number of waste and
replacements could then be conducted in bulk following recyclable streams.
a patrol.
Waste management planning involves recycling of
In addition, development applications that cover the as many materials and components as possible and
illumination of of the public domain must include responsible disposal of the balance.
maintenance plans for approval.
Systematic maintenance using bulk replacement of lamps
In regard to lamp/ light source maintenance it is at end of design life rather than failure allows for better
recommended that bulk lamp replacement be carried out and more effective management of lamp waste and
within sections of the precinct according to the lamp type. maintenance of luminaire performance.
Most luminaires will use LED sources: LED’s generally
have a service life in excess of 50,000 hours at which
point the luminous flux drops below 70% of its original
output. The LEDs will then slowly continue to degrade
and need replacement.
It is recommended that a luminaire maintenance and

lamp replacement schedule be incorporated within
documentation provided by the lighting designer for each
specific project.
Education of staff plays an important part in a well

maintained lighting installation. Not only to fully
understand the technical aspects but to also be informed
of the lighting design principles and objectives.

Sydney Lights
Part Six
Appendices
Chinatown Precinct , Paul Patterson / City of Sydney
6
6.0 Appendices
6.1 Appendix 1: Glossary
Accent Where light is used to emphasise or highlight objects.
Candela (CD) Unit of luminous intensity equal to one candle power.
Colour rendering The effect of a light source on the colour appearance of an object.
Correlated colour temperature The absolute temperature of a black body radiator whose chromaticity most nearly
resembles that of the light source being considered. Unit: Kelvin.
Efficacy A factor which quantifies the effectiveness of a luminaire in converting electrical

power to light.
Glare The discomfort or impairment of vision experienced when parts of the field of view
are excessively bright.
Illuminance The luminous flux arriving at a surface divided by the area of the illuminated
surface. Unit: lux
Lamp Complete light source unit.
Light Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380nm to 720nm.
Luminaire Complete lighting units consisting of lamp, control gear (if required), reflector and
housing.
Lumen Unit of luminous flux used to describe a quantity of light emitted by a source
orreceived by a surface. Unit: lumens
Luminance The physical quantity corresponding to the brightness of a surface in a specified

direction. Unit: cd/m2
Sky Glow Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky that results from the reflection
of radiation (visible and non-visible), scattered from the constituents of the
atmosphere (gaseous, molecules, aerosols, land particulate matter), in the
direction of observation. It comprises two separate components. Natural sky glow
– that part of the sky glow which is attributable to radiation from celestial sources
and luminescent processes in the Earth’s upper atmosphere. Artificial sky glow
– that part of the sky glow which is attributable to manmade sources of radiation
(e.g. outdoor electric lighting), including radiation that is emitted directly upwards
and radiation that is reflected from the surface of the Earth.
Traffic deterred As defined under AS/NZS 1158.3.1:2005 Clause 3.2.6.3. “When the purpose of the
road is such that the intention of traffic management devices is generally to slow
and deter traffic other than vehicles with their origin or destination in that road, the
devices shall be identified to drivers using one of two technologies as follows:”
(a) Using reflectors (Refer to standard for details)
(b) Using roadlighting luminaires including roundabouts and the intended effect of
a traffic management device on a vehicle passing through it is to cause the driver
to reduce speed and maintain a reduced speed while travelling through the device.
(Refer to standard for further details.)
Traffic slowed As defined under AS/NZS 1158.3.1:2005 Clause 3.2.6.2. “Where the purpose of the
road is such that the intention of traffic management devices is generally to slow
traffic and regulate its flow at conflict points but not to deter or reduce the volume
of through traffic, the intended effect of a traffic management device on a vehicle
passing through it is to cause the driver to reduce speed and maintain a reduced
speed while travelling through the device.” Refer to standard for further details.
Watt Unit of electrical power

92/97
6.2 Appendix 2: Background-
The Sydney Lights Design Code fits under a broader 6.2.3 Open Sydney
policy and strategic planning directions prepared by City Open Sydney provides a vision for the night time
of Sydney. This includes the following: economy of the City of Sydney and is a guiding factor
in the development of the lighting master plan. Lighting
6.2.1 Sustainable Sydney 2030 activates the night and is crucial in allowing and
Sustainable 2030 Targets that public domain lighting can supporting night time activities.
contribute to include:
The night time vision is based on five goals all of which
Target 1 relate to lighting.
By 2030, the City will reduce greenhouse gas emissions A Global Sydney where Sydney is an internationally
by 50 per cent compared to the 1990 levels, and by 70 recognised night-time city, based on our design, diversity,
per cent compared to 1990 levels by 2050 safety, innovation, creativity, strong economic growth
‘A 10 per cent overall reduction in emissions is and leadership; where we govern our city well through
possible by phasing out incandescent light bulbs with coordinated action.
progressively more efficient lighting technologies.’
A Connected Sydney where businesses connect to
Direction 4 events, to each other and to residents, workers and
visitors; with hubs that activate different city precincts;
A City for pedestrians and cyclists where transport links to outer suburbs; where digital
Objective: ‘Develop a network of safe, linked pedestrian access is fast and free.
and cycle paths integrated with green spaces throughout
both the City and Inner Sydney.’ A Diverse Sydney with later opening hours, and where
more no-alcohol activities attract families and older
Direction 5 people; where new venues and activities emerge in
A lively, engaging City Centre underused spaces, and where traditional spaces by day
Objective: ‘Strengthen the City’s public domain, identify take on new uses at night.
and create more places for meeting, rest and leisure.’
Objective: ‘Support the development of diverse, new An Inviting and Safe Sydney with beautiful design,
bars and restaurants in the including lighting, where spaces for pedestrians
City Centre’ encourage strolling and exploring; where streets are safe
and free of violence, and where there is respect between
visitors and residents.
Direction 9
Sustainable development renewal and design A Responsive Sydney where innovation is encouraged by
Objective: ‘Define and improve the City’s streets, reducing red tape, and where proactive, problem-solving
squares, parks and open space, and enhance their role teamwork with government and industry is the norm, and
for pedestrians and in public life.’ local solutions reflect local character
6.2.2 City Public Domain Plans

The City Centre has been divided into precincts for
which detailed feasibility and public domain plans will
be developed. To date Plans have been prepared for
Chinatown, Harbour Village North and George Street.
These Plans analyse and recommend the scope,
location and extent of public domain improvements
including lighting over the short, medium and long term.
Recommendations for creative lighting overlays will be
further scoped and developed by individual Lighting
Masterplans for each precinct.

6
6.2.4 Liveable Green Network

The Liveable Green Network is a is a key project idea
in Sustainable Sydney 2030 to deliver a pedestrian and
cycling network that connects people to the City Centre,
Village Centres and neighbourhoods, as well as to public
transport, education and cultural precincts and major
parks and recreation facilities.
The Liveable Green Network Strategy and Masterplan

report 2010 found that to encourage use of pedestrian
network will depend on improvements to infrastructure
such as footpaths and crossings, wayfinding information
and improved public lighting to encourage pedestrian
activity at night.
The Liveable Green Network Masterplan provides the

means to identify key pedestrian links and destinations
across the LGA that may require a review to ascertain if
additional lighting provision should be provided.
6.2.5 Safe City

Safe City is a multi-faceted program to address the safety
and security issues of people who live work and visit the
City.
The City’s Safe City Strategy stresses the importance

of adequate lighting levels as a key crime prevention
measure, contributing to the reduction in crime and the
increase in the public’s perception of safety. Part of the
Safe City program is the undertaking of safety audits
in collaboration with police Local Area Commands to
identify safety issues and develop rectification plans
that may include a review and update of public lighting
provision.
6.2.6 Public Art Masterplans

In May 2011, Council endorsed a new Public Art Policy
and a new City Art Public Art Strategy as a key action of
Sustainable Sydney 2030 in line with its key directions
to create a “lively and engaging city” and “a cultural and
creative City”.
Part of the Strategy directions is the preparation of

Public Art Masterplans that will guide the creation of high
quality public art projects, including projects by the City
of Sydney, projects created in partnership with cultural
organisations and other projects created by the private
sector.
To date public art masterplans have been developed for

the City Centre, Green Square, and Chinatown.
In collaboration with the City’s public art curatorial

advisors lighting could be a key component of a public
art proposal that contributes to the distinctiveness of a
location.
94/97
6.3 Appendix 3: International Benchmarking
and Positioning Study
A benchmarking study of a number of recently completed

master plans from different countries and of different
scales assisted in the positioning of this masterplan
within other cities and similar projects, and indicates the
following key principles as best practice design.
Sustainability
A key goal of recent lighting masterplans is to achieve
a target of specific sustainable objectives, focussing
on a reduction of CO2 emissions, a decrease of energy
use, energy costs and minimisation of light pollution.
Advancements in technology, including LED colour quality
and consistency, efficiency, optics and accessibility
provides a viable alternative for City lighting in future
upgrades.
The role of lighting in a sustainable city development

need to embrace wider aspects of ‘urban life’, ‘identity’,
‘ideas’, ‘aesthetics’, ‘function’ and ‘technology’.
Safety and wayfinding

A sense of safety for people at night is a vital and needs
to be recognised by the lighting masterplan. Most lighting
strategies for public spaces emphasise way finding to
main streets and key destinations, to encourage greater
public use and feeling of safety.
To guide movement and assist in wayfinding, light

can be used for defining and outlining edges and site
boundaries, as marker or beacon and with increased
focus on pedestrian scale and traffic. Visual links can be
created and areas of darkness removed by indicating
pedestrian underpasses and passages through lighting.
Identity
As an intrinsic part of a city’s day and night-scape,
lighting is used to shape life, place and identity in a city.
Used in the right way, lighting can facilitate a unique

identity and recognisable night time environment by
providing a clear and structured nightscape, emphasising
landmarks, defining spatial boundaries and increasing the
legibility of the urban night scape.
Whilst a coherent solution will enhance the overall city

identity, recent masterplanning recognises and embraces
the diversity and local character of individual precincts
and allows for natural and individual developments to
enhance specific precinct identities.

6
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96/97
6.4 Appendix 4: Pedestrian Lighting Improvement Plan
Argyle
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PHASE 1: LGN Priority Network (Pedestrian + Cycle) City Centre and Gateways
note - outside of scope but included
PHASE 2: Citywide Pedestrian Priority Network in CBD granite infill program
Liveable Green Network - Pedestrian Lighting Improvement Plan
0 250 500 1,000 1,500

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What is the purpose of the Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code?

What is the purpose of the Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code?

What are some of the lighting principles and considerations outlined in the code?

What are some of the lighting principles and considerations outlined in the code?

Sydney Lights

Public Domain Design Codes

Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code 1/97

Introduction Lighting Strategy Functional

1.1 Purpose 06 2.1 Vision and Focus 06 3.1 Strategic Approach 26

CITY DESIGN All images and photographs shown and not

Creative Lighting Maintenance Appendices

4.1 Introduction 60 5.1 Asset Management 88 6.1 Appendix 1: Glossary 92

The Interim Code focused primarily on functional

This Code supersedes previous City documents relating

The Code also provides direction for external lighting

The City of Sydney also encourages the use of the Code

Part Four: Creative Lighting Overlay 1.6 Public Domain Framework

VISION / SPATIAL DESIGN

Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code 7/97

1.7 Approval process

PUBLIC DOMAIN PLAN

Composition of the street,

Scope and documentation

Tree species selection and

Public Area exterior lighting

DRAFT PUBLIC ART IN NEW

Refer to the maps and standard lighting toolkit for the

For creative lighting applications, consult with the City of

Once the lighting palette and relevant lighting categories

Engagement of an independent, professional and

Refer to Streets Code Technical Specifications for lighting

1.9 Code Review and Update

It is intended the Code will be regularly updated and

Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code 9/97

This component is achieved through the application of

Creative Lighting Overlay – promote sustainable

This component is achieved through the application of

CREATIVE LIGHTING OVERLAY:

CREATIVE LIGHTING OVERLAY:

Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code 13/97

2.2 Lighting Principles Principle 1: Promote Safety and Inclusive Design

Redfern Park / City of Sydney

Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code 15/97

Principle 3: Promote Sustainability

The City of Sydney’s LED project is replacing

Martin Place, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney

Principle 5: Respect Distinctiveness and Place

Whilst a coherent solution will enhance the overall city

Dixon Street, Chinatown, Paul Patterson / City of Sydney

Integrated approach Safety and Amenity

Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code 19/97

• Regular maintenance is to be ensured (e.g. that

White light (in hues between 2500 and 4500K), compared

The direction of lighting in relation to the activity and

Colour Temperature and Colour Rendering

Sydney Lights Public Domain Design Code 21/97

The City recognises that the urban environment of a large

Techniques to minimise adverse impacts of light:

Public domain lighting is a significant contributor of