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    Shiv Jyoti Educational Group: Class-XII (RBSE) Subject - Biology Chapter - 14 Biotechnology - General Introduction

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    This document contains questions and answers about the topic of biotechnology from a biology textbook. It defines key terms like biotechnology, biotransformation, and gene chips. It also discusses what a biotechnology park is. Additionally, it provides details on the differences between classical and modern forms of biotechnology, noting that classical biotechnology exploited natural microbial capabilities while modern biotechnology applies recent scientific advances to biological systems.

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    Shiv Jyoti Educational Group: Class-XII (RBSE) Subject - Biology Chapter - 14 Biotechnology - General Introduction

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    Ishansi Agrawal
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    This document contains questions and answers about the topic of biotechnology from a biology textbook. It defines key terms like biotechnology, biotransformation, and gene chips. It also discusses what a biotechnology park is. Additionally, it provides details on the differences between classical and modern forms of biotechnology, noting that classical biotechnology exploited natural microbial capabilities while modern biotechnology applies recent scientific advances to biological systems.

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    002804_Class_12_(RBSE)_Biology-Ch-14_Biotechnology_–_General_Introduction.pdf

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    This document contains questions and answers about the topic of biotechnology from a biology textbook. It defines key terms like biotechnology, biotransformation, and gene chips. It also discusses what a biotechnology park is. Additionally, it provides details on the differences between classical and modern forms of biotechnology, noting that classical biotechnology exploited natural microbial capabilities while modern biotechnology applies recent scientific advances to biological systems.

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    54 views3 pages

    Shiv Jyoti Educational Group: Class-XII (RBSE) Subject - Biology Chapter - 14 Biotechnology - General Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Ishansi Agrawal
    This document contains questions and answers about the topic of biotechnology from a biology textbook. It defines key terms like biotechnology, biotransformation, and gene chips. It also discusses what a biotechnology park is. Additionally, it provides details on the differences between classical and modern forms of biotechnology, noting that classical biotechnology exploited natural microbial capabilities while modern biotechnology applies recent scientific advances to biological systems.

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    Shiv Jyoti Educational Group

    Class- XII (RBSE)


    Subject- Biology
    Chapter- 14 Biotechnology – General Introduction

    Date : 11-09-2020

    Q.1 Define biotechnology.


    Ans Biotechnology is the use of biological processes,
    organisms, or systems to manufacture products intended
    to improve the quality of human life. The earliest
    biotechnologists were farmers who developed improved
    species of plants and animals by cross pollenization or
    cross breeding.
    Q.2 Define biotransformation.
    Ans Biotransformation can be defined as the use of biological
    systems to produce chemical changes on compounds that
    are not their natural substrates [1].
    To defense the body against xenobiotic substances, an
    array of biotransformation reactions (or metabolic
    reactions) is undergone.
    Q.3 What is gene chip?
    Ans K-means clustering is an algorithm for grouping genes or
    samples based on pattern into K groups. Grouping is done
    by minimizing the sum of the squares of distances
    between the data and the corresponding cluster centroid.
    Thus the purpose of K-means clustering is to classify data
    based on similar expression.
    Q.4 What is a biotechnology park?
    Ans Biotech Parks are facilities created mainly to promote tiny,
    small and medium biotech entrepreneurs. The
    Biotechnology Parks and Biotech Incubation Centres
    provided a good template for the promotion of Biotech
    start up companies and the promotion of Public Private
    Partnerships.

    Q.5 Difference between classical and modern form of


    biotechnology.
    Ans Old Biotechnology:
    People all over the world have been preparing products,
    such as beverages, curd, cheese, vinegar, wine, bread, etc.,
    since the beginning of recorded history of mankind
    without knowing that microorganisms were involved in
    these processes.
    For centuries, yeasts, molds, and lactic acid bacteria have
    been used to preserve milk, fruits and vegetables, and to
    enhance the quality of life with the resultant products.
    Microorganisms were, for the first time, used to produce
    some organic compounds like citric acid after the First
    World War. Microorganisms were also later on used to
    produce antibiotics (such as penicillin). In all these
    processes only the natural capabilities of the
    microorganisms and cells were exploited. These activities
    are now often referred to as old biotechnology.
    Modern Biotechnology: In its modern sense,
    biotechnology means the application of recently
    developed skills in microbial and biochemical technology
    to applied biology, i.e., to the exploitation of biological
    systems and processes for our own use.
    Biotechnology also includes those industrial processes that
    are based on the use of living cells or their products. There
    are many early and continuing biotechnological
    applications, such as fermentation technology for the
    production of wine and liquors, useful to the mankind,
    which use microbes as agents in particular processes—
    some natural, some induced—or as source of useful
    products.

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