Design and Development of Burner Ring To Enhance Thermal Efficiency of Domestic LPG Stove and Assessment of Its Performance PDF
Design and Development of Burner Ring To Enhance Thermal Efficiency of Domestic LPG Stove and Assessment of Its Performance PDF
Design and Development of Burner Ring To Enhance Thermal Efficiency of Domestic LPG Stove and Assessment of Its Performance PDF
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Abstract- In this paper the conventional design of the as 64% in standard test conditions. So we found that there is
burner and the pan support of a domestic LPG stove is large scope to enhance the efficiency of LPG domestic stove.
modified to increase its thermal Efficiency. The Some Authors like Jugjai[3] and Sumreng[4] have tried to
conventional LPG domestic stove was tested for its increase the efficiency of a Thailand stove using a single ring
thermal efficiency and was found as low as 51% under swirling flame burner. Although they reported an increase of
adverse conditions as against 64% specified as minimum efficiency from 10% to 15%, their port loading (Heat
thermal efficiency by the BIS. This difference in efficiency consumption rate) is 10 times higher than that of the Indian
has generated an instinct to develop some means or to
stove and their efficiency is lower for conventional stove.
develop a new burner plate for LPG domestic stove.
Higher port loading is not suitable for Indian stoves due to the
Authors tried to find out the various thermal losses
limitation of the pressure specified by BIS. Moreover, the
occurring in the stove and found that they are mainly a)
modification of pan supports to avoid flame interaction is not
Related to combustion and its products and b) Related to
heat transfer. These were analyzed and it was found that reported elsewhere. Hence a double row swirl burner was
swirling flames, porous inserts and low thermal inertia designed due to which there is more flame interaction.
pan support can increase the thermal efficiency of the The Indian domestic consumer is cost sensitive. Any costly
domestic LPG stove. Among these the swirling flame modifications or alterations in the existing set may create less
burner cap and pan support is very suitable modification interest and will take the end user away from the task. Hence
in the conventional stove. So these were designed and we decided to undertake a project to design thermal efficiency
experiments were carried out (as per BIS norms) with enhancing devices for the domestic LPG stove that can be
different pan heights to find the thermal efficiency. It was used with the existing stove at lesser prices. Thus the authors
found that thermal efficiency increased by 2% (64.22 to came up with design of a burner cap and pan support.
66.59) with the optimum pan height. This is sufficient to
save gas worth 361.677 crores as per the rate of 20 Rs./kg II. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING STOVE
on consumption of 5.56 MT annually
Keywords— Domestic LPG Stove, Swirl Burner, Pan The detail description of the Domestic Stoves is given in
Support, Thermal Efficiency. Jones[5]. Following is a brief account of the parts in the
Indian stove as shown in Fig 1. Indian Stove is an
I. INTRODUCTION atmospheric gas burner, which uses the low-pressure gas (20
psi). It has the following parts:
In this modern era of globalisation where industrialization
is growing rapidly, the demand for energy is growing rapidly.
To meet the demand, optimum use of available sources or use
of alternate sources is expected. Since the available sources
are limited, we need to give more emphasis on developing
method and devices to use these sources more efficiently.
Presently 55.78 million households of India, uses LPG for
Fig. 1. Components of Indian LPG stove
cooking purpose[1]. The energy consumption for LPG is
more in domestic sector than industrial. Thus enhancing A. Mixing tube
efficiency of the domestic gas stove will contribute to the In a mixing tube a part of air (usually 60%) is mixed with
Indian economy. LPG gas stream[6]. This is called Primary air. This air is
When we tested the existing LPG domestic stove for its entrained due to the momentum transfer between the jet of
thermal efficiency, we found its efficiency as 51% under the gas coming from orifice and the ambient air. The 60%
conditions just similar to what it is used in houses. But the partially premixed flame is the most stable flame.
BIS IS 4246: 2002[2] specifies minimum thermal efficiency
large angle β (β > 90º) the flame resembles the band-form sheet metal of 0.5mm thickness. The optimum height of the
flame of the conventional burner but it swirls. The larger the pan support from the top of the burner was determined
angle β is, the easier it is for the secondary air to be sucked experimentally for the maximum efficiency. This height was
and diffused into the reaction zone of the swirling flame. 20 mm.
Therefore, a greater amount of air results in reduced heat
losses because of chemically incomplete combustion; on the
other hand, this ambient secondary air cools the hot
combustion products. Thus, for β < 90º, a longer residence
time is achieved for the gas in the combustion zone but a
smaller amount of secondary air reaches the combustion zone;
for β > 90º, the opposite is true. Consequently, two optimum
values exist for β at which the thermal efficiency is relatively
high.
Two optimum angles of the β were found experimentally
[10] for synthetic gas (20% C3H8, 20% C3H6, 30% C4H10, and
30% C4H8), one is acute angle whereas the other obtuse.
Those angles are 26º and 142º
Values of α and β were not available for LPG hence we
tried different values of α and β nearer to the above values Fig. 3. The test set-up
and obtained optimum values. S. Jugjai has tested a two row
burner, whose outer row ports were given a swirl angle α = V. EXPERIMENTATION, RESULTS &DISCUSSIONS
15º and inclination angle β = 26º. He used LPG as fuel whose
a. Thermal Efficiency Testing
composition was 40% propane (C3H8) and 60% butane
(C4H10) by volume. Addition to this, we propose a double-row To determine the thermal efficiency of the burner trials
burner, both rows with the swirl angle. Initially SB1 was were carried on three types of burners viz. Conventional
designed; later SB2 was designed to give enhanced Burner, Swirl Burner1 (SB1) and Swirl Burner2 (SB2). Each
performance. burner was tested for different heights and different pan
The summary of burner geometry is given in the Table. 1 supports. The observations were recorded. Thermal efficiency
test was carried out, as per BIS norm IS 4246:2002. The test
TABLE 1. procedure is as follows
BURNER GEOMETRY
The test setup and test procedure:
Burner Inner ring Outer ring Port
The test set up was fabricated conforming to IS 4246:2002.
Type n α Β n α β mm2
area
The schematic diagram is as shown in Fig 3. The pan height
CB 0 0 270.6 was varied with the help of 4 studs, which supported the pan.
SB1 30 15 26 60 15 142 282.7
SB2 30 15 26 60 20 137 282.7 b. Observations:
For each trial, the following parameters were observed.
t1 = initial temperature of water in ºC,
The number of ports was reduced from 138 to 90 by
t2 = final temperature of water in ºC,
increasing the port diameter from 1.58 mm to 2 mm. This M = gas consumption in Kg,
reduced the cost considerably. we have also increased the H = height of the pan bottom from the burner top.
depth of the burner ports from 5 mm to 8 mm (normal From these efficiency is calculated.
length). So the flow is developed and sufficient swirling
motion is imparted to the flame. The P.C.Ds were selected so
as to fit all the holes in the available space, so that the new
burner fits on the existing burner hood.
was not observed. The flame emerging from the port was combustion zone is relatively short and, hence, the reaction is
deflected from the theoretical direction at the vicinity of the not completed. The flame is quenched as it approaches the
burner. Thus the effect of the swirl was destroyed as the flame relatively cold bottom of the vessel and the flame temperature
approached the vessel. This may be because of the less swirl does not reach its maximum value. On the other hand, large
angle (α = 15º). values of H cause the combustion products to cool before
2) We also noticed that the outer ring flame was diverting reaching the pan bottom.
outside the vessel bottom for low heights. We thought that
this might be due to the more value of β.
To overcome the above shortcomings a new burner (SB2) Sr. No Burner type Optimum Maximum
with the following modifications was suggested and tested . height efficiency
keeping other parameters same. 1 CB 15.0966 67.5365
i) Swirl angle α was increased from 15º to 20º
ii) Inclination angle β was reduced from 142º to 137º 2 SB 1 15.535 67.823
iii) The port depth was increased from 5 mm to 8 mm to 3 SB2 19.434 67.9162
enhance laminar flow development. TABLE 3.
The efficiencies of SB2 and SB1 for different heights were OPTIMUM HEIGHT AND MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY
calculated and compared with that of CB.
With this modification there was increase in the efficiency c. Difference between SB1 and SB2:
of SB2 over SB1. The SB1 and SB2 Characteristics on varying heights are
The values of efficiency were interpolated and a third nearly same except for a shift in the optimum value of the H
degree equation was formed, using these equations the curve or the dome of the curve. This is mainly due to change in α
of efficiency versus height for different burners was plotted and β values of the outer ring ports. In case of SB2 the
on a single graph. The optimum points i.e. the height for the inclination angle β was reduced so that the ports were tilted
maximum efficiency was calculated from the equations of the more inwardly. Due to this the flame spread area was lower at
curve. lower heights. Hence lower value of efficiency is reported,
The equation of curves for the three burners and their whereas in case of SB1, due to greater inclination angle,
optimum heights are tabulated as follows flame spread was more at this value. Due to these reasons, the
TABLE 2
EFFICIENCY AS A FUNCTION OF HEIGHT optimum value of height obtained for SB2 was greater than of
Sr No Type Efficiency equation SB1.
Secondly the effect of α cannot be clearly distinguished.
1 CB η = 41.452 + 4.31413H-.22818H2 +
3 But because a slightly greater swirl angle (i.e. 20ºin SB2 over
2 SB1 0.00153733H
η = 53.817 + 2.17417H - 0.1058H2 + 15º in SB1) was given in SB2, the residence time might be
3
3 SB2 0.00153733H
η = 69.7946 - 1.1357 + 0.101954H2 - increased leading o a slight increase in efficiency.
0.002495H3 d. Pan Support:
Efficiency testing on modified and conventional pan
Variations of efficiency w.r.t Height H
Results for varying Height for different burners are shown support was performed for different burners. The calculation
in the Fig. 5 for efficiency is done as earlier. Table. 3 show efficiency
variation for different burners and pan supports.
TABLE 4.
EFFICIENCY FOR DIFFERENT PAN SUPPORTS
Experimental set up can be developed for a different [6] E .J. Weber and F. E. Vandaveer. “Gas BurnerDesign” Gas Engineer’s
combination of port angles and their optimum value can be Handbook
found out. [7] E. Baukal, Jr. and B. Gebhart, “Review of empirical flame
impingement heat transfer correlations” International. J. Heat and
Further efficiency can be enhanced by developing a Fluid Flow, 17, 386-396, 1996.
recuperator, which utilizes a waste heat of the flue gases to [8] David G. Lilley, “Swirl Flows in Combustion: A review”, AIAAA
preheat the air (reactants), required for the combustion. Also a Journal, Vol. 15, No. 8, August 1977.
[9] N. Delalic, Dz. Mulahasanovic, E.N. Ganic,” Porous media compact
porous media burner can be developed in which the heat exchanger unit––experiment and analysis”, Experimental Thermal
combustion flame is embedded. and Fluid Science 28 (2004) 185–192.
[10] Abraham Tamir, Ida Elperin, And Shlomo Yotzer, “Performance
characteristics of a gas burner with a swirling central flame”,
Energy,Vol. 14, No. 7, Pp. 373-382, 1989
[11] Stephen R. Turns, Introduction to combustion, McGraw Hill., 1996.
[12] Charles e. Baukal and Benjamin Gebhart, “A review of semi-analytical
solutions for flame impingement heat transfer” Int. Journal of Heat
and Mass Transfer. Vol. 39, No. 14, pp. 2989-3002, 1996.