CAnDiDATE nO.

(barcode here)

English
sTATE MATURA

English

Time - 180 minutes

June, 2018

FiRsT assessor sECOnD assessor

(write in no. here)

(barcode here)

insTRUCTiOns TO CAnDiDATEs

• Put the barcode in the space CANDIDATE No.

nATiOnAl ExAMinATiOns CEnTRE

• Carefully go through the test. Should you notice any missing pages or words, report it to your
proctor.
• The proctor will give you an extra sheet of paper where you will find the writing guidelines.
• Carefully listen to the instructions given by your proctor and do not start taking the test until
you are asked to do so.
• All kinds of aids (e.g. dictionaries, textbooks, mobile phones, etc.) are not allowed to be taken
in or used on the premises.
• Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
• Incomprehensible answers and intangible corrections will be marked with zero (0) points.
• Use blue or black ink pen only. Texts written in any other ink colour or pencil will be marked with
(0) zero points.
• Make sure your language and spelling are correct and easy to undestand. Incomprehensible
answers and intangible corrections will be marked with zero (0) points.
• Cheating is strictly forbidden. All identical or partially identical texts will be marked with
zero (0) points.

good luck!
© ДИЦ 2018
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1 Carefully read the given text and complete the exercise that follows.

“Money-saving shopping Tips For Young Adults”

Have you already squeezed every last penny out of your allowance? Maybe not.
Saving money on purchases doesn't require any specialized training, so here are five
tips to help you get started.

Tip 1: ___________________________________________
Most young people's default response is to go to a store anytime they need something,
but that's not the only way to obtain a needed item. If you don't need something right
away, and you usually don't, it's worth searching on community ad sites, signing up with
local groups, and asking around to see if anyone you know is getting rid of whatever you
want. Borrowing is another tactic that can be a great money-saver for any item you use
infrequently or will only need to use once. For example, instead of spending money on
the newest bestselling novel that you will probably only read once, head down to your
local library and see if you can borrow the book.

Tip 2: ___________________________________________
Some prices are set in stone, and it's a waste of time trying to bargain with someone who
won't budge. However, when you think there's some wiggle room, go for it! While you
probably can't negotiate the price on many items, like new headphones or a package of
gum, there are plenty of situations where you can do it, even in a retail store. For
example, if an item is cosmetically damaged, a store may be willing to offer a small
discount because those blemished items tend to be more difficult to sell. If a salesperson
wants you to buy a bunch of extras with a new computer or cell phone plan, ask for
discount - the salesperson may be allowed to offer discounts in order to close the deal on
big-ticket purchases.

Tip 3: ___________________________________________
If you wait to purchase something until you really need it, you're likely to pay the sticker
price, but with little advanced planning, you can save big bucks. For anyone who doesn't
closely follow the latest fashion trends, clothes are best purchased during end-of-season
sales. Also, try to compare prices because the savings you'll achieve are worth the extra
time and effort. However, if you're pressed for time, you can avoid shopping around
altogether by making a habit of doing all of your shopping at stores that regularly offer
bargain prices, and you'll be confident that you're already getting a good deal.

Tip 4: ___________________________________________
If the item you want to buy doesn't quite fit into your budget, think about similar but less
expensive alternatives. Figuring out the real reason behind a pending purchase can help
you brainstorm ways to achieve the same result more affordably. For example, if you're
worried about being bored during a long holiday with your parents, you may want to buy
a portable charger for your phone so you can stay updated. In this case, your main
concern isn't really staying close to everyone, but rather finding a way to occupy your
time. Instead of buying that extra charger, you could use your phone on the most energy-
efficient setting and spend the days catching up with your family.

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Tip 5: ___________________________________________
If you normally head straight to your favorite website or the mall when you need to buy
something, consider other shopping options that can save you a good deal of money.
Garage sales, moving sales, and estate sales tend to offer all types of merchandise at
lower than retail prices. You are most likely to benefit from this type of a shopping
experience for items that are not necessarily needed right away.
Adapted from:
“5 Money-Saving Shopping Tips” by Amy Fontinelle

Read the article and then choose the most suitable tip (A-h) for each
paragraph (1-5). There are ThREE extra tips that you do not need to use.
Write the appropriate letter in the box provided.

A. Arrange your purchase beforehand

B. Learn how to ask about payment options

C. Make the shop your final buying resort

D. Seize a favorable moment to negotiate

E. Expand your shopping universe

F. Avoid prolonging your shopping for what you currently need

G. Think carefully about what is actually important to you

H. Choose wisely before spending your time

5 points
Write your answers in the box below.

Paragraph 1 2 3 4 5

heading

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2 Read the text below and choose the best answer (A-D) to the questions (2.1 – 2.8)
as they are related to the text.

Robots have already been put to work across a number of industries. They are
manufacturing cars, taking care of the elderly, doing housework, homework, and even
entering literary awards’ competitions. It is not surprising then that robots have been
developed to oversee job interviews.
One such robot, Matilda, has been programmed to conduct 25-minute interviews, as
she works through a roster of up to 76 questions. She records and analyses the interviewee’s
responses, monitors facial expressions, and compares them to other successful employees
within the hiring company. Matilda is not much taller than a wine bottle, but her introduction
could set a new precedent for recruitment techniques across a range of sectors. Doing so will
likewise affect the performance of interviewees. “Some candidates might present better in
person and will be left worse off, but others may be more comfortable with a remote
interview,” says Martin Ford, an expert on automation technology.

One particular demographic that might welcome chatting to Matilda is the post-
millennial generation, also known as digital natives, who grew up swiping the pages of
digital books, using self-checkout machines, and asking Siri for directions. “We find that
people often prefer to interact with something that’s not real; it’s all about reducing the
cognitive load,” says Matthew Howard at King’s College London, whose students launched
Kinba, a robotic receptionist at the university, earlier this year.

As with all forms of artificial intelligence, efficiency is a clear incentive. More

importantly, though, are claims that artificial intelligence will help eliminate pre-existing
prejudice within employment processes and boost transparency. “Matilda’s mission is to be
a service gateway for a more sustainable and humane society,” says Professor Rajiv Khosla
at Melbourne’s La Trobe University, which developed the robot. “It’s a non-judgmental,
non-threatening and non-invasive means of engaging people in uninhibited interaction.”

The main advantage of involving computers, “is a consistency in decision-making and

the removal of some human error”, says Benedict O’Donovan, Managing Director at
Durham Applied Robotics and Technologies. “While you might get two interviewers who
interpret recruiting guidelines very differently, you’re never going to get a computer that
doesn’t follow the rules exactly or allow prejudice to bias their decisions.” Hiring processes,
when conducted by humans at least, have always been problematic because bias is so often
unconscious. Personality and psychometric testing, blind auditions, webcam interviews, and
nameless CVs are on the rise, but in a face-to-face environment, anything from gender, race,
clothing, education, and accent can contribute to discrimination. Humans are inconsistent
while robots are incapable of being anything but consistent.

A key problem, however, emerges. Though humans are the ones putting these robots to
work, they are also the ones inputting the data which enables them to do the tasked work.
“There is no such thing as a neutral algorithm,” says Laurel Riek, Associate Professor of
Computer Science and Engineering at the University of California, San Diego. “If the
system is using some metric for decision-making regarding employment, who came up with
that metric, what data is it based on, and how is it being applied?”

Ü
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 This problem was highlighted earlier in 2016, when Microsoft was forced to take its
Artificial Intelligence chatbot Tay off Twitter just hours after its launch. Robots learn from
the humans who programmed them, as well as those they interact with; it wasn’t long
before Tay assimilated the conversations and opinions of those around her and posted a
series of racist tweets and denied the Holocaust. “Bias can creep in very easily with
learning systems, and depends entirely on the data they’ve been trained on,” says Professor
Noel Sharkey at Sheffield University.

This means that if an organisation is already an old boys’ club, comprising of

employees from similar socio-economic and educational backgrounds, a robot instilled
with the existing blueprint of that workforce cannot hope to make much of a diversifying
impact. So despite all the good intentions, it seems unlikely that robots like Matilda will
become commonplace in the interview room. We may be more biased, but until a robot is
able to adjust its thinking regardless of the programming it has received – itself a contra-
diction in terms – the most important kind of interaction will have to remain human.

1 point
(2.1) According to the first paragraph, what can be inferred about the use of
robots?
A. They have been widely used in various businesses.
B. They are being overused by some employers.
C. They are produced to help people in their manual jobs.
D. They are not able to perform well on job interviews.

1 point
(2.2) What kind of an advantage does Matilda have as a robot?
A. She conducts interviews on behalf of the hiring company.
B. She is a highly promising Human Relations tool.
C. She is skilful in observing body language.
D. She can create a database of questions.

1 point
(2.3) According to the third paragraph who are the “digital natives”?
A. The ones who are good at reading e-books.
B. The ones who possess excellent communicative skills.
C. The ones who grew up on using smart electronic gadgets.
D. The ones who were born prior to the year 2000.

Ü
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 1 point
(2.4) According to the robot developer, what is the aim of the new robot Matilda?
A. To enhance fairness concerning employment procedures.
B. To avoid threats and judgments when interviewing job candidates.
C. To boost inhibited conversations between humans and robots.
D. To reduce transparency when it comes to human interactions.

1 point
(2.5) According to the fifth paragraph, why is a computer better than a human
being when it comes to the hiring process?
A. Computers provide an excellent environment for discrimination.
B. Computers treat all potential interviewees equally.
C. Computers encourage successful face-to-face interviews.
D. Computers have been programmed to obey rules.

1 point
(2.6) What does Professor Riek claim about the robot-human relation?
A. Only robots are in charge of the algorithm production.
B. Humans and robots use the same system for engineering.
C. Humans and robots depend on each other's performance.
D. Only humans are responsible for the database implementation.

1 point
(2.7) According to Professor sharkey, why was the chatbot Tay removed from
Twitter?
A. It couldn't establish good communication with the surroundings.
B. It fell under bad influence from those it communicated with.
C. It posted indiscriminative messages on social media.
D. It didn't correspond with the initial idea of the program.

1 point
(2.8) What can be inferred from the last paragraph about using robots in the
hiring process?
A. There is a great deal of change robots must undergo prior to interviewing
humans.
B. There is an intention to establish similar backgrounds in the robot-human
interaction.
C. There is a promise that robots will take the place of any organisation’s
staff.
D. There is a blue workforce of robots that influences the hiring process.

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3 Carefully read the text below and then do the exercise that follows.

Murphy’s law Put to the Test

A Or, at least it would have been, were it not for a fatal flaw in the experiment. For tossing
toast isn’t exactly common practice at the breakfast table. When toast does land on the
floor, it’s usually after it has slid off a plate.This leads to end-results quite different from
tossing it in the air. Get a paperback book and put it face-up on the table. Now slowly
push it over the edge to simulate the effect of toast sliding off a plate. As it goes over the
edge, the book simply doesn’t spin fast enough to come face-up again by the time it hits
the floor. The book or toast will end up face-down more or less every time. Contrary to
popular belief, the butter-side down effect has nothing to do with the presence of the thin
layer of butter.

B But the key word here is “average”. When we go to the supermarket, we’re not interested
in averages — we just want our queue to be the fastest on that particular trip. And in that
case, even if all the queues are exactly the same length, the chance that our queue will
suffer fewer random delays than both our neighbors is 1 in 3. Anyway, tumbling toast and
queues are just two of the manifestations of Murphy’s Law I’ve investigated: if you know
of more, write and let me know.

C Everyone has them: days when we would have been better off just staying in bed. At
breakfast, our toast slides off our plate and lands on the floor — butter-side down. At the
supermarket, we queue up at the checkout — only to find ourselves going nowhere,
while the queue next to us zooms through. If you have always suspected that such
vexations aren’t coincidences, but the manifestations of a cosmic law, I have good news
for you, or bad, depending on your point of view. I can confirm that your suspicion is
correct: Murphy’s Law (“If something can go wrong, it will”) is at work in our universe.

D For years, the attitude of most scientists towards Murphy’s Law has been to dismiss it all
as a silly urban myth. But over the past two years, I’ve discovered that it’s the scientists
who’ve got it wrong. For instance, take tumbling toast which lands butter-side down. In
1991, a TV science programme set up an experiment to find out if the popular folklore
about tumbling toast really was correct. The producer persuaded a group of people to toss
buttered toast in the air 300 times. And the result was 148 butter-up landings, and 152
butter-down, an almost 50:50 split, in flat contradiction to Murphy’s Law of Toast: ”If
toast can land butter-side down, it will”.

E One of the easiest to explain is Murphy’s Law of Queues: “If your queue can be beaten
by a neighbouring one, it will be”. According to an entire branch of applied mathematics
devoted to the behavior of queues, the queues in supermarkets are all subject to random
delays. On average, they’ll tend to move at the same rate. Again, this looks like a knock-
out argument against Murphy’s Law. It implies that when we queue up, both our own
queue and the two queues neighbouring ours are all just as likely to finish first.

5 points
Read paragraphs A-E and then put them in the correct logical order (1-5). Write
the appropriate letter in the answer box provided below.

1 2 3 4 5
Paragraph

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4 The following four people are talking about their internship experiences.

A Amanda

For the most part, internships provide a unique experience for students prior to entering
the job market. Although I took up all the study courses for my major, I realised that no
course could prepare me for all the world had to offer. It is different when you actually
work for someone else and apply various skills on a daily basis, such as dealing with
deadlines, communicating with clients, learning to manage resources, and many other
challenges. I really appreciate being taught valuable life lessons. Namely, I have always
been a kind of a perfectionist and liked to do things my way, so becoming part of a team
and sharing my responsibilities with my colleagues helped me learn the value of team
work. I must say that it took me a couple of weeks to feel comfortable to allow others to
coordinate my work but eventually I realised that team work brings great results.

B Brian

When I look back on my internship, I really have to say it was an excellent experience.
It had been truly a beneficial ending to my formal education. Regardless of the material
I learned at university, this hands-on approach to learning proved priceless. I personally
believe that the best way to learn is by doing. That's reason number one why I applied to
the program and I am absolutely grateful for the granted opportunity. I am appreciative
of the way the company conducted the whole program because it made me reconsider my
priorities. Definitely it was not easy to adjust to the new environment, getting up early in
the morning and skipping coffee hang-outs with my friends. My supervisor, who was too
demanding, had me always occupied with something. The upside was that every time I
had some questions, the staff were quite helpful. Overall, it was beneficial for me to
oversee every nut and bolt of an ongoing project and in the end I believe it was rather
advantageous.

C Celina

The first few days of my internship experience at the paper firm were hectic and sweat-
filled as I tried to acclimate myself to the speed and intricacies of a 9 to 5 work day. Once
I got into a routine and learned the ways of the office, I quickly began to enjoy my day.
Experiencing full work days and all their bumps and turns is a lesson that the classroom
can never teach you, with its lectures and exams. Working under pressure, with some
occasional monotonous task (which is to be expected of an intern), is definitely the
experience that will guide me through my next challenges. This summer I have been able
to learn how relevant good communication skills are and how they impact relationship
building in a professional company. It is impossible to understand the benefit of an
internship until after you have completed it. At first, I had limited expectations judging
by the program's requirements, but now that I have completed it I can't imagine myself
showing up to an interview without the experience I had this summer.

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D David

I have always been taught by my parents the importance of showing up for an obligation
on time, but not until I started my summer internship did I understand what that lesson
really meant. You know, saying it and actually having to do it are totally different!
Despite the temptation to sleep in and gossip over my lunch break, I woke up earlier and
restrained myself from hearing all of the daily chatter. After all, my workplace is not
necessarily the space where to moan over a problem or holler with joy over something
exciting. I honestly never realised how important such an experience would be and how
much I accomplished during my internship. Obviously, it is important to do what you
love because even then there will be days when you just want to quit. I remember doing
all the work that no one else wanted to do just because I was the intern. On the other
hand, I am ready to be on my own and not rely on my parents for money.

7 points
Answer the following questions by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C, or D).

A B C D
Who...
Amanda Brian Celina David

became more independent after A B C D

1.
the internship?

had doubts concerning the A B C D

2.
internship’s quality?

experienced a change in their A B C D

3.
mindset?

4. had to give up on their social life? A B C D

wasn't keen on depending on their A B C D

5.
coworkers?

was thankful to their company for A B C D

6.
the chance they were given?

was raised to be punctual? A B C D

7.

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5 Carefully read the text and complete it using OnE word only in each space. 10 points

1 2
Recent studies have shown that learning a new skill improves memory and prolongs

(1) _________ brain functionality. It is said that the more difficult the skill, combined with

some exercises, the (2) _________ improvement you get for long-term brain health. When

challenged with a new skill, you put a lot of effort into learning, and (3) _________ that

process of slow learning, new linkages within the brain are being built. Knowing that

photography (4) _________ a number of elements your brain has to process, such as types of

lenses, the science of light, the uses of the camera's options, etc., it is a great method to help

your brain. (5) _________, regardless of your age, it is always the perfect time to start learning

photography. Indeed, (6) _________ up photography can broaden your mind and expose you

to new concepts and ideas as an excellent opportunity to see the world. If you are lucky

enough to afford it, there is so (7) _________ creativity within newly discovered culture,

architecture, landscapes, and people from all parts of the globe. Even though those can be a

couple of hours’ drive or bus ride away, (8) _________ opportunities arise with entirely

different situations. Meeting people with various profiles and backgrounds, asking locals for

(9) _________ on how to find the way to a certain location, having a random conversation

with a stranger in a café, these all might lead to a new client, or at (10) _________ a new

friend, with whom you might share the same passion for photography.

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6 Written Task: Email 15 points

Consider the following scenario: you are going to attend a youth festival in Canada.
Write the organizers an email asking for specific details about the event.
Include the following inquiries: a) ask when the event takes place exactly;
b) request details about the accommodation; c) undersign the email as Daniel
Giddens
Keep the word limit between 100-120 words.

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7 Written Task: Argumentative Essay 20 points

Friendships are important to have in life yet not always easy to keep. The following two
quotes present two different viewpoints on the role of friendship in human society.
“You tell your friends your most personal secrets, and they use them against you.”
(Sophie Kinsella, contemporary novelist)
“Some people go to priests; others to poetry; I turn to my friends” (Virginia Woolf, 20th
century novelist and essayist)
Consider the following questions when thinking about the complex nature of
human friendships:
Is it a good idea to talk about your problems with your friends? Does that
really help? Does it simply make them worse? What is the role true friends play
in your life? Can there be more than one true friend?
Proceed to write a well-structured and clear essay in which you present your position
on the given topic. Back your claims with evidence and supporting details in 180-220
words.

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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
YOU CAN USE IT FOR YOUR DRAFT TEXTS

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