Lesson 9: Content Standard

LESSON 9
PLANNING FOR THE FAMILY’S ANIMAL AND FISH

RAISING PROJECT
Content Standard
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson you will be able to:
Demonstrates an
understanding of
scientific processes in
1. Identify animals to be raised as an alternative animal/ fish raising
source of income for the family
2. Discuss how to feed these animals
3. Prepare list of needed materials to start the
project-animal raising
4. Prepare schedule of work for raising, caring, Performance Standard
processing, and marketing of products and by-
Applies knowledge
product
and skills, and
5. Implement plan on animal raising
develops one’s
6. Compute income, expenses and gains
interest I animal/ fish
7. Record potential income, expenses, and gains
raising
Planning for the family’s animal and fish raising project particularly, in livestock
raising, you consider not only the animals to be raised but also their dwelling, food,
water supply, and many other things.
Planning and preparing to raise animals must be given ample time and careful
thought. To achieve your set goals in livestock raising, be mindful of minute details.
Here are some suggestions to make the right decisions.

 Attend seminars sponsored by government agencies.
 Read journals or magazines on livestock raising.
 Interview persons authority or experts on animal raising.
 Have enough capital or budget for the venture.
 Decide on what animal to raise.
 Determine the proper location or space for the chosen animals.
 Ascertain sufficient food supply for the animals.
 Look into the water system of the place.
 Check manpower.
Animals to be raised
Raising swine/hog raising
Hog meat is one of the popular meats in the market. Filipinos are heavy consumers of
this protein-rich food.
Breeds
The following are the standard breeds of swine commonly raised today:
a. Hampshire – The pig looks smaller than other breeds. The

ears are erect, tail is usually black, and legs are short.
b. Duroc – This breed comes from New Jersey. It has a dark

red and golden yellow color. It is also a good producer of
milk and has good mothering characteristics.
c. Yorkshire-This breed is commonly raised in Canada. It
has large ears with white and black spots. This breed is a
good source of meat for making bacon.
d. Landrace – This breed comes from Denmark. It has white

hair and skin. Its ears are larger in size and cover much of
its face. Its meat is best for making bacon, ham, and pork
chop.
e. Hypor- This breed has well muscled back, well developed

ham, and has high carcass quality. It has superior milking
qualities.
f. Poland China- This breed is black in color with white

spots on its feet, tail, and face. It has thick meat.
g. Tamworth – This has a long narrow head, long snout, and

erects ears. The body is light and dark red in color. Its meat
is best for making bacon.
Feeding Swine
Swine at different age levels require different feed types to be given two to three times
per day. These are the following:
Starter Mash- This is given to two to eight week old piglets.

Growing mash- This is given to two to six month old piglets.
Fattening mash- This is given to ten month old piglets until they are ready for
slaughtering.
Alternative food like camote tops, kangkong, papaya leaves may also be given to
swine from time to time.
Needed materials to start the project
Requirements for hog raising
 Pigpen. This must have adequate space for the pig to move around freely. There
must be trough for feeds and water. The roofing is made of galvanized
sheets.The floor is slightly sloping to the draining area to prevent urine and
manure from accumulating. A pit is provided for dumping of hog waste.
 Piglet. This must be carefully selected. Ckeck skin, legs, feet and nails, as well
as breed and size. Also choose those that have been vaccinated with anti-
cholera, anti-anemia, and immunization from other diseases.
 Food. There are many kinds containing various ingredients and nutrients. Avoid
giving spoiled food for this can cause diseases which can be transmitted to
humans.
 Care. One must ensure that the pigs do not contact any diseases. Proper care
includes keeping them in pigpens, maintaining cleanliness in their spaces,
bathing them everyday, and consulting a veterinarian when necessary.
Goat raising
Goats are easier to raise because they simply live on grass and leaves of plants
like ipil-ipil, kangkong, camote, and tamarind. They are managed for the production of
milk, meat and wool. Among goats, major health problems are internal and external
parasites coccidiosis (in kids before and after weaning) and pneumonia. A good health
care program includes vaccination for most diseases and is established between the
grower and veterinarian. In the Philippines, goat meat is relatively more expensive than
chicken, pork, or beef, Goat farming has a high potential for profit. Goats, like cattle,
may be caged in a pen or allowed to graze on a large parcel of grassy land.
Needs in goat raising
In launching a goat enterprise, consider the

resources you have to devote to the project.
Personal attitudes like interest and determination,
availability of land, machinery, equipment, labor,
capital, and marketing/selling are the things that
should matter. Also, there should be a profitable
outlet for goat products.
Housing for goats

A good housing for goats is very essential as they are prone to pneumonia when
regularly exposed to rain. A goat house must be well ventilated, clean, and dry. There
should be separate pens for lactating does, dry does, kids and bucks. A fenced loafing
area should be provided complete with feeding racks and water troughs.
Feeding the goats
Goats are known to relish paragrass, stargrass, napier grass, guinea grass, and
centrosema among other grasses and legumes. Goats like other livestock, require the
same nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, fats , minerals, vitamins, and water.
During the rainy season, keep the goats in their pen. Feed them with cut grass and salt.
Salt makes goats keep a steady appetite making them grow faster and produce more
milk.
Fish farming
Fish farming is one of the biggest industries in the

Philippines. As an archipelago, surrounded by many bodies
of water, the country is rich in natural resources, making fish
farming is suitable and viable source of livelihood for many
Filipinos.
Tilapia
Tilapia is one of the most in demand fish in the market
today. Fish growers both locally and abroad are focusing
aquaculture efforts on Tilapia because of the demand for it
as well as its rapid growth and productivity at harvest time.
Ways of raising Tilapia

Tilapia may be grown in three ways.Choose what suits your locality, space, and even
your purpose whether for family consumption or as a livelihood project.
 Using the drum. This pertains to the use of big drums to grow tilapia. Because
the space is limited, the harvest is also limited just enough for a family’s
consumption.
 Using a fish pen or pond. This indicates that the use of rivers and lakes with
pens or ponds measuring 1x1x1 square meters. This can raise from 250 to 1500
tilapia.
 Using an artificial pond. This suggests raising tilapia in an excavated or dug out
concrete pond at the backyard preferably near a water source where water
supply is sufficient.
Milkfish
Also referred to as the national fish of the Philippines,
milkfish or bangus is very popular for its milky taste. Like
the tilapia, milkfish requires no special kind of feed, for
its diet. Milkfish can be harvested after seven to ten
months of feeding.
Catfish
Catfish resembles cat’s whiskers. This fish has become
a staple food for many Filipinos especially in the tagalog
region. Catfish can be harvested between four to six
months of feeding.
Ways of raising fish

The following are the common types of fish enclosures used today.
a.Dug out/excavated enclosures – This type of fish pen is an inland fishpen. A large
land area is excavated to create a pool of water where fish can be grown.
b.Concrete/plastic enclosures-Concrete and plastic fish tanks are usually used for
commercial fingerling production and research development.
c.Fish cages- This is an enclosure made of nets and stakes placed in large bodies of
water like the sea, lakes, and rivers to contain and protect fish until they can be
harvested.
Preparing schedule of work for raising, caring, processing, and marketing of

products and by products
Having decided what animal and fish you would like to raise on your farm, it is time
to learn to prepare a work schedule.
Draft your action plan using bullet points of what you want to do, how you want to do it,
and what you are willing to do to set your goal.
 Set a concrete, attainable goal.
 Determine how you plan to attain that goal that you set.
 What makes you different from other farms/farmers doing the same thing?
 Do you have a marketing plan?
 Do a SWOT analysis.
 What are your strengths?
 What do you think are your weaknesses.
 Are there opportunities you should look into?
 What potential threats should you be aware of?
 Prepare your SWOT analysis table following the sample below.
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

SWOT analysis may also help you use external forces you have no control of to
your advantage.
The following points out the schedule of work when you put up a
farm.
1. Development of a business plan

This includes setting the objectives that you want to attain the following
are the required permits when putting up a farm business:
Business name registration
This permit is secured from the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
Barangay Clearance
You need to secure the necessary permit to operate from the barangay
where your farm will be put up.
Mayor’s permit and License/Sanitary permit
The local government, which has jurisdiction over the area where the
business is located issues business licenses or license to operate to
establishments.
Tax Identification Number (TIN)
This serves as the business tax ID.
Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)
This document is issued by the department of Environment and natural
Resources (DENR) after inspection of the facilities that you have built on your
farm.
2. Planning for operations
This is an outline of the day to day operations of your farm. What gets
done, how it is done, when it is done, who does it (production cycle).
3. Development of the marketing plan
This answers the question: What do you do to your products once these
become available
4. Establishing your financial plan
This includes budget allotment vs. expenses, debt, labor, and
miscellaneous expenses of the farm.
5. Execution of the business plan
At this point, you as a farm operator are able to translate all your actions
to income generation and experience gain.
6. Monitoring
It is important to keep records to assess whether your farm business yields
income or not.
7. Research and development
It is best to keep learning and take in new ideas and practices that can
help improve your daily operations. The internet is a good source of free
information.
Taking Care of the Environment in Raising Animals
It is important to take care of the environment when raising animals. Some laws
regulate the use of a place for animal raising. Laws prohibit the use of residential areas
for large-scale animal raising. There is a need to segregate waste. A definite place
should be allotted for dumping the waste. Be sure that this waste does not pollute the
surrounding area specially lakes, ponds, and rivers. Animals should stay in their own
fence and they are not allowed to loiter.

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LESSON 9

PLANNING FOR THE FAMILY’S ANIMAL AND FISH

Here are some suggestions to make the right decisions.

Raising swine/hog raising

a. Hampshire – The pig looks smaller than other breeds. The

b. Duroc – This breed comes from New Jersey. It has a dark

d. Landrace – This breed comes from Denmark. It has white

e. Hypor- This breed has well muscled back, well developed

f. Poland China- This breed is black in color with white

g. Tamworth – This has a long narrow head, long snout, and

Starter Mash- This is given to two to eight week old piglets.

Requirements for hog raising

Needs in goat raising

In launching a goat enterprise, consider the

Housing for goats

Fish farming is one of the biggest industries in the

Ways of raising Tilapia

Ways of raising fish

Preparing schedule of work for raising, caring, processing, and marketing of

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

1. Development of a business plan

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