BMW

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, translated in English as

Bavarian Motor Works, commonly referred to as BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
(German pronunciation: [ˈbeːˈʔɛmˈveː] ( listen)), is a German
multinational company which produces luxury vehicles and
motorcycles. The company was founded in 1916 as a
manufacturer of aircraft engines, which it produced from
1917 until 1918 and again from 1933 to 1945.

Automobiles are marketed under the brands BMW, Mini and

Rolls-Royce, and motorcycles are marketed under the brand
BMW Motorrad. In 2015, BMW was the world's twelfth-
largest producer of motor vehicles, with 2,279,503 vehicles
produced.[2]

BMW is headquartered in Munich and produces motor Type Public (Aktiengesellschaft)

vehicles in Germany, Brazil, China, India, South Africa, the Traded as FWB: BMW (https://www.b
United Kingdom, the United States and Mexico. BMW has oerse-frankfurt.de/global-s
significant motorsport history, especially in touring cars, earch/BMW)
Formula 1, sports cars and the Isle of Man TT.
ISIN DE0005190003
Industry Automotive

Contents Predecessors Rapp Motorenwerke

Bayerische Flugzeugwerke
History Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach
Branding Founded 7 March 1916
Company name Founders Camillo Castiglioni
Logo Franz Josef Popp
Slogan Karl Rapp

Finances Headquarters Munich, Germany

Motorcycles Area served Worldwide

Key people Oliver Zipse, Chairman of
Automobiles
the Board of Management
Current models
Norbert Reithofer,
Naming convention for models Chairman of the
Motorsport Supervisory Board

Involvement in the arts Products Cars · motorcycles

Art Cars Brands Automobiles
Architecture BMW
Film Mini
Visual arts Rolls-Royce
Production and sales BMW M
Recalls BMW X
BMW i
Industry collaboration Motorcycles
Sponsorships BMW Motorrad

Environmental record Production 2,564,025 vehicles

output (2019)
Car-sharing services
Revenue €104.210 billion
Overseas subsidiaries (2019)[1]
Production facilities
Operating €7.412 billion (2019)[1]
Complete knock-down assembly facilities income
Vehicle importers Net income €5.022 billion (2019)[1]
See also Total assets €228.034 billion
References (2019)[1]

Further reading Total equity €59.907 billion (2019)[1]

Owners Stefan Quandt (29%)
Susanne Klatten (21%)
History Public float (50%)
Number of 133,778 (2019)[1]
Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG was formed in 1916. This employees
company was renamed to Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) Website bmwgroup.com (http://bmw
in 1922. However the name BMW dates back to 1913, when group.com)
the original company to use the name BMW was born
(initially as Rapp Motorenwerke). BMW's first product was a straight-six aircraft engine called the BMW
IIIa. Following the end of World War I, BMW remained in business by producing motorcycle engines, farm
equipment, household items and railway brakes. The company produced its first motorcycle, the BMW R 32
in 1923.

BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 when it purchased Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which, at
the time, built Austin Sevens under licence under the Dixi marque.[3] The first car sold as a BMW was a
rebadged Dixi called the BMW 3/15, following BMW's acquisition of the car manufacturer Automobilwerk
Eisenach. Throughout the 1930s, BMW expanded its range into sports cars and larger luxury cars.

Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During
the war, against the wishes of its director Franz Josef Popp, BMW concentrated on aircraft engine
production using forced labor consisting primarily of prisoners from concentration camps, with motorcycles
as a side line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether. BMW's factories were heavily bombed during
the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft
after the war. Again, the company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted
motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the BMW 501 luxury saloon.
The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper Isetta microcar under
licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars meant BMW was in serious
financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz. A large investment
in BMW by Herbert Quandt and Harald Quandt resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. The
BMW 700 was successful and assisted in the company's recovery.

The 1962 introduction of the BMW New Class compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a
leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding
coupe and luxury sedan models. The BMW 5 Series mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed
by the BMW 3 Series compact sedans in 1975, the BMW 6 Series luxury coupes in 1976 and the BMW 7
Series large luxury sedans in 1978.
The BMW M division released its first road car, a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the
BMW M5 in 1984 and the BMW M3 in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i
luxury sedan.

The company purchased the Rover Group in 1994, however the takeover was not successful and was
causing BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the
Mini brand.

In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls Royce brand from Vickers Plc.

The 1995 BMW Z3 expanded the line-up to include a mass-production two-seat roadster and the 1999 BMW
X5 was the company's entry into the SUV market.

The first mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006, with most engines switching
over to turbocharging over the following decade. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7,
and BMW's first electric car was the BMW i3 city car, which was released in 2013. After many years of
establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first front-wheel drive car was the 2014
BMW 2 Series Active Tourer multi-purpose vehicle (MPV).

Branding

Company name

The name BMW is an abbreviation for Bayerische Motoren Werke

(German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪ̯ʁɪʃə mɔˈtʰɔʁn̩ ˈvɛɐ̯kə]). This name is
grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain
spaces), which is why the name's grammatically correct form
Bayerische Motorenwerke (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪ̯ʁɪʃə mɔ
ˈtʰɔʁn̩ vɛɐ̯kə] ( listen)) has been used in several publications and
advertisements in the past.[4][5] Bayerische Motorenwerke translates
into English as Bavarian Motor Works.[6] The suffix AG, short for
Aktiengesellschaft, signifies an incorporated entity which is owned by
shareholders, thus akin to "Inc." (US) or PLC, "Public Limited
Company" (UK).

The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as slang BMW badge on a 1931 Dixi
for BMW in the English language[7][8] and are sometimes used
interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.[9][10][11]

Logo

The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel evolved from the
circular Rapp Motorenwerke company logo, which featured a black Flag of Bavaria
ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo,[12] on a
plinth a horse's head couped.[13]

BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but adopted as the central element a
circular escutcheon bearing a quasi-heraldic reference to the coat of arms (and flag) of the Free State of
Bavaria (as the state of their origin was named after 1918), being the arms of the House of Wittelsbach,
Dukes and Kings of Bavaria.[14] However as the local law regarding trademarks forbade the use of state
coats of arms or other symbols of sovereignty on commercial logos, the design
was sufficiently differentiated to comply, but retained the tinctures azure (blue)
and argent (white).[15][16][17]

The current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020,[18] removing 3D

effects that had been used in renderings of the logo, and also removing the
black outline encircling the rondel. The logo will be used on BMW's branding
but will not be used on vehicles.[19][20]
Badge on a BMW car
The origin of the logo as a portrayal of the movement of an aircraft propeller,
the BMW logo with the white blades seeming to cut through a blue sky, is a
myth which sprang from a 1929 BMW advertisement depicting the BMW
emblem overlaid on a rotating propeller, with the quarters defined by strobe-
light effect, a promotion of an aircraft engine then being built by BMW under
license from Pratt & Whitney. [21] "For a long time, BMW made little effort to
correct the myth that the BMW badge is a propeller" (quote by Fred Jakobs,
Archive Director, BMW Group Classic).[22] It is well established that this
propellor portrayal was first used in a BMW advertisement in 1929 – twelve
years after the logo was created – so this is not the true origin of the logo.[23]

Logo used for publicity

Slogan purposes since March
2020
The slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was first used in North America in
1974.[24][25] In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a
campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012
BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.[26]

Finances
For the fiscal year 2017, BMW reported earnings of EUR 8.620 billion, with an annual revenue of EUR
98.678 billion, an increase of 4.8% over the previous fiscal cycle.[27] BMW's shares traded at over €77 per
share, and its market capitalization was valued at US 55.3 billion in November 2018.[28]

Revenue Net income Total Assets

Year Employees
in bn. EUR€ in bn. EUR€ in bn. EUR€
2013 76.058 5.314 138.368 110,351
2014 80.401 5.798 154.803 116,324
2015 92.175 6.369 172.174 122,244
2016 94.163 6.863 188.535 124,729
2017 98.678 8.620 193.483 129,932

Motorcycles
BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.[29] Its motorcycle
brand is now known as BMW Motorrad. Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink,
was the "R32" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.[30] This had a "boxer" twin engine, in
which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder
models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s.
Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated
the R Series.

The entire BMW Motorcycle production has, since 1969, been

located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory.

During the Second World War, BMW produced the BMW R75
motorcycle with a motor-driven sidecar attached, combined with a
lockable differential, this made the vehicle very capable off-
road.[31][32] The R32 motorcycle, the first BMW
motor vehicle, at the BMW Museum
In 1982, came the K Series, shaft drive but water-cooled and with in Munich
either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to
back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven F
and G series with single and parallel twin Rotax engines.

In the early 1990s, BMW updated the airhead Boxer engine which
became known as the oilhead. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two
spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an
increased capacity to 1,170 cc and enhanced performance to 100 hp
(75 kW) for the R1200GS, compared to 85 hp (63 kW) of the
previous R1150GS. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines
are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 98 and 122 hp
The 2015 BMW R1200RT
(73 and 91 kW), respectively.

In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which

marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 167 hp (125 kW), derived from the company's
work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically
adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.

BMW introduced anti-lock brakes on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of
anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of
electronic stability control, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.

BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long
before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an Earles fork, front suspension by swinging fork
(1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the
regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called swinging arm). Some BMWs started using yet another
trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever
significantly reduces dive under braking.

BMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought Husqvarna for an
undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by
Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna.

In September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of
using the technology to help improve road safety.[33] The design of the bike was inspired by the company's
BMW R1200 GS model.[34]

Automobiles

Current models
The current model lines of BMW cars are:

1 Series five-door hatchbacks (model code F40). A four-door sedan variant (model code F52)
is also sold in China and Mexico.[35]
2 Series two-door coupes (model code F22) and convertibles (F23), "Active Tourer" five-seat
MPVs (F45) and "Gran Tourer" seven-seat MPVs (F46), and four-door "Gran Coupe" fastback
(model code F44).
3 Series four-door sedans (model code G20) and five-door station wagons (G21).
4 Series two-door coupes (model code F32), two-door convertibles (model code F33) and five-
door "Gran Coupe" fastbacks (model code F36).
5 Series four-door sedans (model code G30) and five-door station wagons (G31). A long-
wheelbase sedan variant (G38) is also sold in China.
6 Series "Gran Turismo" four-door coupes (model code G32)
7 Series four-door sedans (model code G11) and long-wheelbase four-door sedans (model
code G12).
8 Series two-door coupes (model code G14), two-door convertibles (G15) and "Gran Coupe"
four-door fastbacks (G16).

1 Series (F40) 2 Series (F22)

3 Series (G20) 4 Series (F33)

 5 Series (G30) 6 Series (G32)

7 Series (G12) 8 Series (G15)

The current model lines of the X Series SUVs and crossovers are:

X1 (model code F48)

X2 (F39)
X3 (G01)
X4 (G02)
X5 (G05)
X6 (G06)
X7 (G07)

X1 (F48) X2 (F39) X3 (G01)

X4 (G02)
 X5 (G05) X6 (G06) X7 (G07)

The current model line of the Z Series two-door roadsters is the Z4 (model code G29).

Z4 (G29)

i models

Electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are sold under the BMW i sub-brand. The current model range consists
of:

i3 five-door B-segment (supermini) hatchback, powered by an electric motor (with optional

petrol engine)
i8 two-door sports coupe/roadster, powered by an electric motor (with optional petrol engine)

i3 i8

In addition, several hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as iPerformance models.
Examples include the 225xe using a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor,
the 330e/530e using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor, and the 740e using a 2.0 litre
turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor.[36]

M models

The BMW M GmbH subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) has high-performance versions
of various BMW models since 1978.
The recent model range consists of:

M2 two-door coupe
M3 four-door sedan (due to return in 2020)[37]
M4 two-door coupe/convertible
M5 four-door sedan
M8 two-door coupe/convertible
X3 M five-door compact SUV[38]
X4 M five-door coupe-styled compact SUV[38]
X5 M five-door SUV (expected to return in 2020)[39]
X6 M five-door coupe-styled SUV (expected to return in 2020)[40]

M2 M4 M5

M8 coupe M8 convertible X3 M

X4 M

The letter "M" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the F20 M140i
model, the G11 M760Li model and various optional extras called "M Sport", "M Performance" or similar.

Naming convention for models

Motorsport
BMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including:
 Touring cars, such as DTM, WTCC, ETCC and BTCC
Formula One
Endurance racing, such as 24 Hours Nürburgring, 24 Hours of Le Mans, 24 Hours of Daytona
and Spa 24 Hours
Isle of Man TT
Dakar Rally
American Le Mans Series
Formula BMW – a junior racing Formula category.
Formula Two
Formula E

2016 BMW M4 DTM 2016 BMW M6 GT3 2016 BMW S1000RR

Involvement in the arts

Art Cars

In 1975, sculptor Alexander Calder was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by
Hervé Poulain at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since
Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars,
including David Hockney, Jenny Holzer, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, and Andy
Warhol.[41] To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have
been created.

1975 3.0 CSL Art Car 1979 M1 Art Car by 2017 M6 GT3 Art Car
by Alexander Calder Andy Warhol by Cao Fei

Architecture
The global BMW Headquarters in Munich represents the cylinder head of a
4-cylinder engine. It was designed by Karl Schwanzer and was completed in
1972. The building has become a European icon[41] and was declared a
protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical
cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is
divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these
cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended on a central
support tower.

BMW Museum is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also

designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.[42] The interior has a
spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo.

BMW Welt, the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by

Coop Himmelb(l)au and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting
platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the
BMW Headquarters
customer.[43]

BMW Museum BMW Welt

Film

In 2001 and 2002, BMW produced a series of 8 short films called The Hire, which had plots based around
BMW models being driven to extremes by Clive Owen.[44] The directors for The Hire included Guy
Ritchie, John Woo, John Frankenheimer and Ang Lee. In 2016, a ninth film in the series was released.

The 2006 "BMW Performance Series" was a marketing event geared to attract black car buyers. It consisted
of seven concerts by jazz musician Mike Phillips, and screenings of films by black filmmakers.[45][46]

Visual arts

BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at various Guggenheim
museums, though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised
in many quarters.[47][48]

In 2012, BMW began sponsoring Independent Collectors production of the BMW Art Guide, which is the
first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.[49] The
fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.[50]

Production and sales

BMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries:
 Germany: Munich, Dingolfing, Regensburg and Leipzig
Austria: Graz[51]
United States: Spartanburg[52]
Mexico: San Luis Potosí[53]
South Africa: Rosslyn
India: Chennai
China: Shenyang
Brazil: Araquari Spot welding 3 Series bodies in
Leipzig, Germany
BMW also has local assembly operation using complete knock-
down (CKD) components in Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia,
Malaysia and India.[54]

In the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls Royce
vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from March 23 to
April 17 due to the coronavirus outbreak.[55]

The BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then
1,481,253 automobiles in 2010.[56][57] BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin
factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens.

By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced are powered by petrol engines and the remaining
44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and about
nine percent are eight-cylinder models.[58] On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63%
are transported by rail.[59]

Annual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:[57]

Year BMW MINI Rolls-Royce Motorcycle*

2005 1,122,308 200,119 692 92,013
2006 1,179,317 186,674 847 103,759
2007 1,302,774 237,700 1,029 104,396
2008 1,203,482 235,019 1,417 118,452
2009 1,043,829 213,670 918 93,243
2010 1,236,989 241,043 3,221 112,271
2011 1,440,315 294,120 3,725 110,360
2012 1,547,057 311,490 3,279 113,811
2013 1,699,835 303,177 3,354 110,127
2014 1,838,268 322,803 4,495 133,615
2015 1,933,647 342,008 3,848 151,004
2016 2,002,997 352,580 4,179 145,555
2017 2,123,947 378,486 3,308 185,682

Annual sales since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:

 Year BMW MINI Rolls-Royce Motorcycle*
2005 1,126,768 200,428 797 97,474
2006 1,185,089 188,077 805 100,064
2007 1,276,793 222,875 1,010 102,467
2008 1,202,239 232,425 1,212 115,196
2009 1,068,770 216,538 1,002 100,358
2010 1,224,280 234,175 2,711 110,113
2011 1,380,384 285,060 3,538 113,572
2012 1,540,085 301,525 3,575 117,109
2013 1,655,138 305,030 3,630 115,215**
2014 1,811,719 302,183 4,063 123,495
2015 1,905,234 338,466 3,785 136,963
2016 2,003,359 360,233 4,011 145,032
2017 2,088,283 371,881 3,362 164,153

* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include Husqvarna models.

** Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units.

Recalls
In November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems
possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.[60]

In 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation
module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe.[61]
Following the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from
driving on public roads.[62] This affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified
but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4%
of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers,[63] leading to
approximately 20 owners suing the company.[64]

Industry collaboration
BMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions:

McLaren Automotive: BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the McLaren
F1.[65][66]
Peugeot and Citroën: Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.[67]
Daimler Benz: Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the
ActiveHybrid 7.[68][69] Development of automated driving technology.[70]
Toyota: Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop fuel cell technology, develop a joint
platform for a sports car (for the 2018 BMW Z4 (G29) and Toyota Supra) and research lithium-
air batteries.[71][72][73]
Audi and Mercedes: Joint purchase of Nokia's Here WeGo (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.[74]
In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions.[75]
Sponsorships
BMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the United States
Olympic Committee in July 2010.[76][77]

In golf, BMW has sponsored various events,[78] including the PGA

Championship since 2007,[79][80] the Italian Open form 2009–2012,
the BMW Masters in China from 2012-2015[81][82] and the BMW
International Open in Munich since 1989.[83]

In rugby, BMW sponsored the South Africa national rugby union

BMW sponsor car at the London
team from 2011 to 2015.[84][85]
2012 Olympics

Environmental record
BMW is a charter member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Environmental
Achievement Track, which recognizes companies for their environmental stewardship and performance.[86]
It is also a member of the South Carolina Environmental Excellence Program.[87]

Since 1999, BMW has been named the world's most sustainable automotive company every year by the
Dow Jones Sustainability Index.[88] The BMW Group is one of three automotive companies to be featured
every year in the index.[89] In 2001, the BMW Group committed itself to the United Nations Environment
Programme, the UN Global Compact and the Cleaner Production Declaration. It was also the first company
in the automotive industry to appoint an environmental officer, in 1973.[90] BMW is a member of the World
Business Council for Sustainable Development.[91]

In 2012, BMW was the highest automotive company in the Carbon Disclosure Project's Global 500 list, with
a score of 99 out of 100.[92][93] The BMW Group was rated the most sustainable DAX 30 company by
Sustainalytics in 2012.[94]

To reduce vehicle emissions, BMW is improving the efficiency of existing fossil-fuel powered models,
while researching electric power, hybrid power and hydrogen for future models.[95]

During the first quarter of 2018, BMW sold 26,858 Electrified Vehicles (EVs, PHEVs, & Hybrids).[96]

Car-sharing services
DriveNow was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated from in Europe from 2011 until 2019.
By December 2012,[97] DriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately
60,000 customers.[98]

In 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called
AlphaCity.[99][100]

The ReachNow car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016.[101] ReachNow currently operates
in Seattle, Portland and Brooklyn.

Overseas subsidiaries
Production facilities

China

The first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between
BMW and Brilliance Auto.[102][103] The plant was opened in the Shenyang industrial area and produces 3
Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market.[104][105] In 2012, a second factory was opened in
Shenyang.[106]

Between January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over
440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.[107]

Hungary

On 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near
Debrecen, will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.[108]

Mexico

In July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of San Luis Potosi
involving an investment of $1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars
annually.[109]

South Africa

BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[110] when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened
in Rosslyn, near Pretoria. BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in
so doing, the company became BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be
established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as Ford and GM, which divested
from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.

Following the end of apartheid in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local
production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export
market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to right hand drive markets including Japan,
Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as
Sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in left-hand drive for export to
Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.

Three unique models that BMW Motorsport created for the South African market were the E23 M745i
(1983), which used the M88 engine from the BMW M1, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder
3.2-litre M30 engine to the E30,[111] and the E30 BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an Alpina-
derived 2.7-litre engine.

BMWs with a VIN starting with "NC0" are manufactured in South Africa.

United States
BMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since
1956[112] and manufactured in the United States since 1994.[113] The
first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.[114] In
2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United
States.[115]

The manufacturing plant in Greer, South Carolina has the highest

production of the BMW plants worldwide,[116] currently producing
approximately 1,500 vehicles per day.[117] The models produced at
the Spartanburg plant are the X3, X4, X5, X6 and X7 SUV models. BMW Zentrum museum in
Spartanburg, South Carolina
In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's
North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and
financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America.

Complete knock-down assembly facilities

Brazil

On 9 October 2014, BMW's new complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Araquari, assembled its
first car— an F30 3 Series.[118][119]

The cars assembled at Araquari are the F20 1 Series, F30 3 Series, F48 X1, F25 X3 and Mini
Countryman.[120]

Egypt

Bavarian Auto Group became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003.

Since 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from complete
knock-down components at the BMW plant in 6th of October City.[120]

India

BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in Gurugram.

A BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in Chennai in 2007, assembling Indian-market 3
Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models.[120][121] The 20 Million
Euro plant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year.

Russia

Russian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in
Kaliningrad beginning in 1999.[122]

Malaysia

BMW's complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Kedah. Assembled Malaysia-market 1 Series, 3
Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X4, X5, X6 and Mini Countryman since 2008.[123]
Vehicle importers

Canada

BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in Ottawa, was opened in 1969.[124] In 1986, BMW established a
head office in Canada.[125]

BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.[126]

Japan

BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.[127]

Philippines

BMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation, The Official Importer and Distributor
of BMW in the Philippines.[128]

BMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.[129]

South Korea

BMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully accomplish
to Korean customers. Also, BMW Korea has its own driving center in Incheon.[130]

See also
BMW Group Classic
List of BMW engines

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Further reading
Grunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006), BMW Group Mobile Tradition (ed.), Das
Unternehmen BMW seit 1916 (in German), München: BMW Group Mobile Tradition,
ISBN 978-3-932169-46-5
Kiles, David (2004), Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World (https://
archive.org/details/driveninsidebmwm00kile_0/page/328) (in German), Wiley, pp. 328 (https://a
rchive.org/details/driveninsidebmwm00kile_0/page/328), ISBN 978-0-471-26920-5
Schrader, Halwart (2004), Typenkompass BMW (in German), Stuttgart: Motorbuch, ISBN 3-
613-02386-5
Werner, Constanze (2006), Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW (in German),
München: Oldenbourg, ISBN 978-3-486-57792-1, "Im Auftr. von MTU Aero Engines und BMW
Group"
Noakes, Andrew, BMW. Vom 328 Roadster und der Isetta bis zum 5er Gran Turismo (in
German), Bath: Parragon Books, ISBN 978-1-4075-6814-0
Schrader, Halwart (2011), BMW. Passion – Power – Perfektion. (in German), Stuttgart:
Motorbuch-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-613-03378-8

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