Preparation 9 - Green Soan and Green Soap Tinctures

Introduction
Official Title: Green Soap; Tincture of Green Soap U.S.P

Synonyms:
● Green Soap; Soft Soap; Sapo Mollis; BP Soft Soap; Sapo Viridis
● Green Soap Tincture USP NF; Tincture of Green Soap; Unisoap GST
Category: Detergent
Uses:
● Green soap is used in medicine almost exclusively in the treatment of eczema
rubrum, although sometimes used in other diseases of the skin in which a very
powerfully stimulant application is desired.
● Tincture of Green Soap is used for skin cleansing, cleaning of medical utensils prior
to sterilization, and pre-scrub sanitation. Ideal for removal of dried blood and protein
soils from skin, scalp and hands.
Official Definition:
● Green Soap is a potassium soap made by the saponification of suitable vegetable
oils, excluding coconut oil and palm kernel oil, without the removal of glycerin.
● Tincture of Green Soap is a mild, effective solution of green soap (aka soft soap,
sapo mollis, sapo viridis) in ethanol for general cleaning of medical instruments and
utensils and skin washing.
Basic Concepts (Green soap)

- Soaps
- Soap works by breaking up the oil into smaller drops, so it can mix with the water.
The principle of soap works because soap is made up of molecules with two very
different ends.
- The soap molecule has two parts: a polar group and a non-polar group. The polar
group is called the head and the non-polar group is called the tail. Thus, the soap
molecule has a polar head and a non-polar hydrocarbon tail. The polar head is
hydrophilic in nature (water loving) and the nonpolar tail is hydrophobic in nature..
- Chemical reaction involved in the preparation of soaps

- Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. When triglycerides
in fat/oil react with aqueous NaOH or KOH, they are converted into soap and
glycerol. This reaction is called the saponification process.
- Saponification value, acid value and iodine value
- Saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV) and insoluble impurities are
quality parameters which are of considerable importance in coconut oils.
- The saponification value is the number of grams of NaOH required to
completely saponify all the triglyceride esters in one gram of a particular fat or
oil
- The acid value (AV) is a common parameter in the specification of fats and
oils. It is defined as the weight of KOH in mg needed to neutralize the organic
acids present in 1g of fat and it is a measure of the free fatty acids (FFA)
present in the fat or oil.
- The iodine value is a measure of the saturation of a fat or oil (how many
centigrams of iodine can be dissolved per gram of oil or fat). Unsaturated fats
have high iodine values. Usually, fats with high iodine values make softer
soaps and fats with low iodine values make harder soaps.
Basic Concepts (Green soap tincture)

- Tinctures - A tincture is a liquid herbal preparation in which the solvent system is an
alcohol/water mixture and the volume of menstruum (solvent) exceeds the weight of
herb extracted in it.
- Fluid extracts - is a more concentrated form of herbal medicine than a tincture. A fluid
extract is made by combining one part herb with one part fluid. Fluid extracts are
concentrated so much so that there’s visible sediment at the bottom of the jar. The
dosage of fluid extracts is much smaller, usually given in milliliters or drops.
- Extracts - are concentrated preparations of vegetable or animal drugs obtained by
removal of the active constituents of the respective drugs with suitable menstruum.
> Advantage: Despite the various options, tinctures and extracts are
most popular – not only because they are readily available, but also
because they’re easy to prepare and provide a favorable potency.
- Describe the five principal methods of extraction
1. Maceration – A process where plant material is placed in pieces or in powder,
in a container full of menstruum and let stand for three or more days, shake
frequently until complete extraction of plant material. Then, the material is
strained and the remaining solid is squeezed to remove all the remaining
liquid. The obtained liquid is clarified by decantation or filtration.
2. Percolation – It is continuous downward displacement of the solvent through
the bed of crude plant/drug material to get the extract. It is most commonly
used in the preparation of tinctures and fluid extracts.
3. Digestion – A form of maceration with slight warming during the extraction
process, provided that the temperature does not alter the active ingredients of
plant material and so there is greater efficiency in the use of menstruum
(35-40oC)
4. Infusion – A dilute solution of easily soluble constituents of the raw drug. It is
suitable for the aromatic drugs, to prevent volatile oils from evaporating at
other temperatures.
5. Decoction – The crude plant/drug is boiled in a specified volume of water for a
defined time, and is then cooled and filtered. This is suitable for extracting
water-soluble and heat-stable constituents.
Ingredients
● Vegetable Oil 380 g - emollient or moisturizer
● Oleic Acid 20 g - Oleic is an unsaturated fatty acid that contributes to the
conditioning/moisturizing abilities of a soap
● Lavender Oil 20 mL - For fragrance
● Ethanol 316 mL - Disinfecting agent
● Potassium Hydroxide (total alkali 85%) 91.7 g - This is the chemical that induces
saponification of the fats and oils to create liquid soap
● Glycerin 50 mL Purified Water, a sufficient quantity,to make about 1000 mL -
Glycerin is a natural by-product of the saponification process. When oil reacts with
alkaline, it forms soap and glycerol
Procedure/Methods (+RFIS)
Green Soap
1. Mix the oil and the Oleic Acid, and heat the mixture to about 80o C
2. Dissolve the 0.91 g Potassium Hydroxide in a mixture of the 0.5 mL Glycerin and 1
mL of Purified Water
3. Mix the water solution, while it is still hot, to the hot oil.
a. RFIS: To disperse water in the hot oil in the form of small droplets, to avoid oil
splashing
4. Stir the mixture vigorously until emulsified
5. Heat while stirring continuously, until the mixture is homogeneous and a test portion
will dissolve to give a clear solution in hot water.
6. Add hot purified water to make the product weigh 10.00 g, continuing the stirring until
the Soap is homogeneous.
Green Soap Tincture

1. Mix the 0.2 mL Lavender Oil and 3.2 mL Ethanol
2. Dissolve in this 6.5 g Green Soap by stirring or by agitation
3. Set the solution aside for 24 hours, filter through paper, and add water to make 10
mL
a. RFIS: To filter undissolved particles or residue
Quality Control/Packaging
storage :
Appearance:
● Green Soap: Y ellowish- Brown/White/Green; Soft and Oily;Almost Odorless
Alkaline Taste
● Green Soap Tincture: Clear or Amber Color; Liquid; Lavender Odor
pH:
● Green Soap: 5.5
● Green Soap Tincture: 10-10.5
Packaging and Storage Requirements:
● Green Soap: Preserve in well-closed containers
● Green Soap Tincture: Keep all containers tightly closed, cool, dry, and away from all
sources of ignition.
Instability:
● Green Soap: Dry; Molding; Stale Odor
● Green Soap Tincture: Slime formation at the bottom of the bottle; Discoloration
Labelling:
● Green Soap: “For external use only”; “Keep out of reach of children”
● Green Soap Tincture: “For external use only”; “Keep out of reach of children”
Computation:
Green Soap: Amount of ingredients need to prepare 6.5g of GS

6.5 g
● 10 g = 0.65 → factor
○ Vegetable Oil: 3.8 g x 0.65 = 2.47 g
○ Oleic Acid: 0.2 g x 0.65 = 0.13 g
○ KOH: 0.91 g x 0.65 = 0.59 g
○ Glycerin: 0.5 mL x 0.65 = 0.33mL
○ Purified Water: 1 mL x 0.65 = 0.65 mL
Green Soap Tincture: Percentage of alcohol content in the preparation

3.2mL
● 10 mL
x 100 = 32.0%

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Introduction

Official Title: Green Soap; Tincture of Green Soap U.S.P

Basic Concepts (Green soap)

- Chemical reaction involved in the preparation of soaps

Basic Concepts (Green soap tincture)

Green Soap Tincture

Green Soap: Amount of ingredients need to prepare 6.5g of GS

Green Soap Tincture: Percentage of alcohol content in the preparation

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