CEE 241 Notes III

CE 241 – Advanced Steel Design
CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

Professor Thomas A. Sabol
Prequalified Connection Standard

ANSI/AISC 358
Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate
Moment Frames for Seismic Applications

1. General
Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

and Environmental Engineering III.1

1.1 Scope
Provide design, detailing, fabrication, and quality

criteria for special and intermediate moment
frames
To be used as prequalified connections with Seismic
Provisions
Not intended to preclude use of other connections
tested per Seismic Provisions Chapter K

1.2 References
2010 AISC Seismic Provisions

2010 AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code
2009 RCSC Specification for Structural Joints
Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts
2010 AISC Specification for Structural Steel
Buildings


1.3 General
Design, materials, and workmanship to be

performed per AISC Seismic Provisions

2. Design Requirements


2.1 Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection

Types
The following connections are prequalified as SMF and
IMF seismic systems
 Reduced Beam Section (Ch. 5)
 Bolted End-Plate (Ch 6)
 Bolted Flange Plate (Ch 7)*
 Welded Unreinforced Flange Welded Web (Ch 8)
¢ ConXL Moment Connection (proprietary) (Ch 10)*

 Kaiser Bolted Bracket (proprietary) (Ch 9)
*Supplement 1 of 2010 version


Types
5. Reduced Beam Section Moment Connection



Types
6. Bolted Unstiffened and Stiffened Extended End-Plate

Moment Connection


Types
7. Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Moment Connection

funded

Types
Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Moment Connection
8. Welded Unreinforced Flange, Welded Web (WUF-W)

Moment Connection


Types
9. Kaiser Bolted Bracket (KBB)

End-Plate Moment Connection (Proprietary)



Types
10. ConXL Moment Connection (Proprietary)

2.2 Connection Stiffness
All connections in this Standard shall be

considered fully restrained (FR)


2.3 Members
Wide Flags only
kss → Need month .

2.3.1 Rolled Wide-Flange Members
Rolled wide-flange members shall conform to the

requirements of this Standard


2.3.2 Built-up Members
Built-up, doubly symmetric I-shaped sections OK:

 Flanges and webs have width, depth, and thickness
profiles meeting profile limitations for rolled wide-
flange sections
 Webs are continuously connected to flanges per
Sections 2.3.2a or 2.3.2b PLTCIRDLN
A -
#
Webs and flanges meet
Web continuously compactness
connected to requirements for rolled
flanges wide-flange sections
CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design .
2.3.2a Beams
Within a zone extending from beam end to a distance
at least one beam depth beyond plastic hinge, Sh,
 Web and flanges shall be connected using a CJP weld
with a pair of 5/16 in. (min.) reinforcing fillets
 Exception: if individual prequalification requirements
specify other requirements
db
Sh CJP weld and

S h + db reinforcing fillets
Plastic hinge Sh


2.3.2b Columns
Built-up columns shall

 conform to one of the geometries discussed below and
 shall satisfy requirements of Section E6 of
Specification

2.3.2b Columns
I-shaped Welded Columns
 Elements shall comply with AISC Seismic Provisions
(i.e. seismically compact per Table I-8-1 if SMF)
 Weld column flange to web with CJP weld with a pair of
5/16 in. (min.) reinforcing fillets 12 in. above and below
beam top and bottom flanges
12”
CJP weld and

reinforcing
fillets
12”


2.3.2b Columns
Boxed Wide-Flange Columns
 Wide-flange shall comply with AISC Seismic Provisions
(i.e. seismically compact per Table I-8-1 if SMF)
 Width-to-thickness ratio of flange plates shall not
exceed 0.6√(Es/Fy)
 Width-to-thickness ratio of plates used only as webs
shall satisfy Table I-8-1 of AISC Seismic Provisions
Wide-flange satisfies
If used only as webs,
Seismic Provisions
plates shall be seismically
compact per Table I-8-1

2.3.2b Columns
Boxed Wide-Flange Columns
 Weld column plates with CJP weld with a pair of 5/16 in.
(min.) reinforcing fillets 12 in. above and below beam
top and bottom flanges. Outside of this range, double
fillets or groove welds may be used
12”
CJP weld and

reinforcing
fillets
12”


2.3.2b Columns
Built-up Box Columns

 Width-to-thickness ratio of flange plates shall not
exceed 0.6√(Es/Fy)
 Width-to-thickness ratio of plates used only as webs
shall satisfy AISC Seismic Provisions
If used only as webs,

plates shall be seismically
Flane plate satisfies
compact per Table I-8-1
Seismic Provisions

2.3.2b Columns
Built-up Box Columns
 Weld column plates with CJP weld with a pair of 5/16
in. (min.) reinforcing fillets 12 in. above and below
beam top and bottom flanges. Outside of this range,
web and flange plates shall be continuously
connected by groove welds
12”
CJP weld and

reinforcing
fillets
12”


2.3.2b Columns
Pieces of box column being End view of box column

assembled
Internal stiffeners in box column Use of electroslag welding

2.3.2b Columns
Flanged Cruciform Columns
 Elements, whether built-up from plate or wide
flanges, shall satisfy AISC Seismic Provisions
 Weld web to tee-shaped section to web of
continuous tee-shaped section with CJP weld with
a pair of 5/16 in. (min.) reinforcing fillets 12 in. above
and below beam top and bottom beam flanges.


2.4 Connection Design Parameters

2.4.1 Load Combinations and Resistance Factors
Where available strengths are calculated per AISC

Specification, use φ-factors therein
When available strengths are calculated using this
Standard, use
 φd = 1.0 for ductile limit states This is
) limitstatedesign
-
 φn = 0.9 for non-ductile limit states


2.4.2 Plastic Hinge Locations
Distance of plastic hinge from face of column, Sh,

shall be as specified for each connection
¥
Face of column
Plastic hinge
Sh

2.4.3 Probable Maximum Moment at Plastic Hinge

PGTSYIBM
Probable moment, Mpr, at location of plastic hinge:
#-)
Mpr = CprR-0
yFyZe
modulus
where
Ze = effective plastic modulus at location of Mpr
plastic hinge
Cpr = factor to account for peak connection
strength. Unless noted otherwise:
layettes
.


2.4.4 Beam Flange Continuity Plates
Continuity plates shall be provided

Exception:
 See Section 6 for bolted end-plate connections
 Continuity plates need not be provided if:
aim
tbf
or
Fee
bbf
this
.
for 358 tcf
in !
Not
anymore

2.4.4 Beam Flange Continuity Plates
Continuity plates shall be provided…

Exception…
 Continuity plates need not be provided when beam
flange connects to flange of I-shape in a boxed wide
flange column having thickness that satisfies equations
below:
and


2.4.4a Continuity Plate Thickness

Where continuity plates (CP) are required, thickness of
plates shall be:
 For one-sided connections, CP shall be at least 0.5tbf
 For two-sided (interior) connections, CP shall be at
least tbf of thicker flange
Continuity Continuity
plate plate
≥0.5tbf ≥tbf
tbf tbf

2.4.4b Continuity Plate to Column Attachment

Welded joints of continuity plates to column flanges shall
be made with:
 CJP groove welds
 Two-sided PJP groove welds
 Two-sided fillet welds
Required strength of joints shall not be less than available
strength of contact area of plate with column flange.
CJP groove weld,
two-sided PJP
groove weld, or
fillet weld


CP connected to column web with CJP or fillet

weld. Required strength shall be the least of the
following:
 Sum of available strengths at connections of
continuity plates to column flanges
 Available shear strength of contact area of the
plate with column web. Continuity plate
(CP)
Least of: Sum of weld
capacity of CP at column
flanges…or…shear strength of
CP contact area with column
web…or…

CP connected to column web with CJP or fillet

weld. Required strength shall be the least of the
following:
 Weld available strength that develops design
shear strength of column panel zone.
 Actual force transmitted by the stiffener.
Continuity plate
(CP)
Least of: …or…weld capacity
to develop shear strength of
column panel zone…or…actual
force transmitted by stiffener


2.5 Panel Zones
Panel zones shall conform to requirements for

SMF or IMF in AISC Seismic Provisions

2.6 Protected Zones

Protected zone shall
 be as defined for each prequalified connection
 Shall meet requirements of Section D.1 of AISC
Seismic Provisions, except as indicated in Standard
Offending welds ground off and

angle cantilevers from outside
protected zone
Stair support welded to web Steel support welded to

in the protected zone flange in the protected zone


2.6 Protected Zones
Protected zone shall

 Unless noted otherwise, protected zone shall be
from face of column to one-half of beam depth
beyond theoretical hinge point.
 Bolt holes in web, when detailed per requirements of
this Standard, are permitted
Sh Protected zone
Sh+ db/2 Plastic hinge

3. Welding Requirements


3.1 Filler Metals
Filler metals shall satisfy requirements of Section

D.1 and Section A.4 of AISC Seismic Provisions
and AWS D1.8
General CVN and

demand critical
weld CVN
requirements

3.2 Welding Procedures
Welding procedures shall satisfy requirements of

Section D.2 and Section A.4 of AISC Seismic
Provisions and AWS D1.8
e.g. permitted
welding
processes


3.3 Backing at Beam to Column and Continuity Plate to

Column Joints

3.3.1 Steel Backing at Continuity Plates
Steel backing used at continuity plates to column

need not be removed
At column flanges, backing left in place shall be
attached to column flange using continuous
5/16 in. fillet weld on edge below CJP weld
CJP weld at flange
Weld backing left in place with

continuous fillet weld (below CJP weld)
Backing left in place

(opposite side of CP) Continuity plate (CP)


3.3.1 Steel Backing at Continuity Plates
When backing is removed, root pass shall be

backgouged to sound weld metal and
backwelded with 5/16 in. reinforcing fillet
When backing is removed,
CJP weld at flange
backgouge root pass to sound metal
and reinforced with continuous fillet
weld (below CJP weld)
Backing removed
(opposite side of CP) Continuity plate (CP)

3.3.2 Steel Backing at Beam Bottom Flange
Where steel backing used at CJP welds between

bottom beam flange and column, backing shall
be removed
Following removal, root pass shall be backgouged
to sound weld metal and backwelded with 5/16
in. reinforcing fillet
Backing removed and

reinforced with fillet weld


3.3.2 Steel Backing at Beam Bottom Flange
Reinforcing fillet leg adjacent to beam flange shall

be such that fillet toe is located on beam flange
base metal
Exception: If base metal and weld root are ground
smooth after removal of backing, reinforcing
fillet adjacent to beam flange need not extend to
base metal
Fillet toe located on

beam flange base metal

3.3.3 Steel Backing at Beam Top Flange
When steel backing is used with CJP weld and is

not removed, backing shall be attached with
5/16 in. reinforcing fillet on edge below CJP
groove weld
Backing may remain
Backing need not be

removed, but if it is not,
attach backing to
column flange with
reinforcing fillet


3.3.4 Prohibited Welds at Steel Backing
Backing at beam flange-to-column flange joints

 Shall not be welded to underside of beam flange
 Tack welds are not permitted to underside of beam
flange
If welds or tack welds are placed in error:
 Weld shall be removed such that weld no longer
attaches backing to beam flanges
 Surface of beam flange shall be ground flush

3.3.4 Prohibited Welds at Steel Backing
If welds or tack welds are placed in error:

 Any gouges shall be repaired using E7018 electrodes or
other filler metals meeting requirements of Section 3.1
(i.e. Section D.2 and Section A.4 of AISC Seismic
Provisions and AWS D1.8)
 Following repair, repair weld shall be ground smooth

CE 241 – Advanced Steel Design Not on the test !
b.
-

3.3.5 Non-Fusible Backing at Beam Flange-to-Column

Joints
Where non-fusible backing used at CJP welds
between beam flanges and column, backing
shall be removed
Following removal, root pass shall be backgouged
to sound weld metal and backwelded with 5/16
in. reinforcing fillet

3.3.5 Non-Fusible Backing at Beam Flange-to-Column

Joints
Reinforcing fillet leg adjacent to beam flange shall
be such that fillet toe is located on beam flange
base metal
Exception: If base metal and weld root are ground
smooth after removal of backing, reinforcing
fillet adjacent to beam flange need not extend to
base metal


3.4 Details and Treatment of Weld Tabs
Weld tabs shall be removed to within 1/8 in. of

base metal
Exception: At continuity plates, ¼ in. is permitted
Edges where weld tabs are removed shall be
finished to surface roughness of 500 µ-inches
Contour of weld shall provide smooth transition to
adjacent surfaces

3.4 Details and Treatment of Weld Tabs
Bottom flange Top flange backing left in

backing and weld place with reinforcing fillet
tabs left in place
Weld tabs removed and weld
ground to smooth transition


3.5 Tack Welds
In protected zone, tack welds for attaching

backing and weld tabs shall be placed where
they will be incorporated into final weld

3.6 Continuity Plates

Corners of continuity and stiffeners placed in
webs of rolled shapes shall be clipped:
 Along web, clip extends a distance of at least 1.5 in.
beyond published “k” detail dimension
 Along flange, clip shall not exceed 0.5 in. beyond
published “k1” detail dimension and avoids
interference with radius of rolled shape
“Clip” in continuity
than k1 + 0.5”
plate to avoid
column fillet
Not more
Not less than k + 1.5” to avoid

welding in k-region


Corners of continuity and stiffeners placed in

webs of rolled shapes shall be clipped:
 Detail clip to facilitate suitable weld terminations at
flanges and webs
 Curved clips shall have a minimum radius of 0.5 in.

At end of weld adjacent to column web/flange

juncture, weld tabs for continuity plates
 shall not be used unless permitted by EOR
 If used, weld tabs shall not be removed unless
specified by EOR
At column web/flange
intersection, no weld tabs
used unless required by EOR.
If used, weld tabs shall be left
in place unless required by
EOR to be removed.



Where continuity plate welds are made without weld tabs
near column fillet,
 weld layers may transition at 45o angle
 Effective length of weld is that portion having full size
 NDT shall not be required on tapered or transition portion of
weld not having full size
Effective
Beam CP weld with length of
no weld tab weld
Beam CP weld
with no weld tab
Column web 45o Column
flange
(beyond)
Column web
Plan view Section through weld

3.7 Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Quality control and quality assurance shall be in

accordance with Appendix Q of AISC Seismic
Provisions


4. Bolting Requirements

4.1 Fastener Assemblies
of Bolts shall be pre-tensioned high-strength ASTM

A325 or A490 bolts
Twist-off type tension control bolt assemblies of
equivalent mechanical properties may be
substituted for A325 or A490 fastener assemblies


4.2 Installation Requirements
Installation requirements for bolts shall be in

accordance with AISC Seismic Provisions,
expect as noted otherwise

4.3 Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Quality control and quality assurance shall be in

accordance with Appendix Q of AISC Seismic
Provisions


5. Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Moment Connection

5.1 General
In reduced beam section (RBS), portions of beam

flanges are selectively trimmed in a region
adjacent to beam-to-column connection
Yielding and hinge formation are intended to
occur primarily within the RBS Trimmed
(reduced) flange
Reduced Beam Section Yielding in RBS


5.2 Systems
Within the limits of this Standard, RBS is

prequalified for
 Special moment frame (SMF)
 Intermediate moment frame (IMF)

5.3 Prequalified Limits
- Max .
Beam , Splice ,


5.3.1 Beam Limitations
Beams shall satisfy the following limitations

 Beams shall be rolled wide-flange or built-up I-
shaped members conforming to Section 2.3
 Beam depth is limited to W36 (and equivalent for
built-up shapes)
 Beam weight is limited to 300 lbs/ft
Depth: W36 x max or equivalent for built-up
member Weight: 300 plf max
Reduced beam
section


sthe
y
 Beam flange thickness is limited to 1.75 in. horten
 Clear span-to-depth ratio is limited to the
span ,
 7 or greater for SMF and 5 or greater for IMF the shallower

For same drift angle, greater the beam is
beam depth requires larger
extreme fiber strain
Depth
Clear span



 Width-to-thickness ratios shall conform to AISC Seismic
Provisions
 Value of bf for checking seismic compactness shall not be
less than flange width at ends of center two-thirds of RBS
(provided gravity loads do not shift location of plastic hinge
from center of RBS)
0.67b
Trimmed (reduced) flange
¥-7
bf

Bracing
spacing,
5.3.1 Beam Limitations strength and
stiffness
requirements

 SMF lateral bracing shall be provided
 SMF bracing shall satisfy Section D.1 of AISC
Seismic Provisions
 Supplemental lateral bracing shall be provided
per Section D.1 of AISC Seismic Provisions for
bracing adjacent plastic hinges
Supplemental bracing adjacent

to plastic hinge (RBS)



 SMF lateral bracing shall be provided
 When supplemental lateral bracing is supplied,
attachment of bracing shall be located no more than d/2
beyond end of RBS furthest from face of column
 No attachment of lateral bracing shall be made in region
extending from face of column to end of RBS furthest
from face of column
d = depth of
beam
d/2 beyond Supplemental bracing
end of RBS adjacent to RBS


 For IMF, lateral bracing shall be provided
 IMF bracing shall satisfy Section D.1 of AISC
Seismic Provisions
Bracing spacing,
strength and
stiffness
requirements



 Exception: For SMF and IMF, when beam supports
concrete structural slab that is connected between
protected zones with welded shear connectors space a
maximum of 12 in., supplemental top and bottom
flange bracing at RBS is not required
Supplemental bracing adjacent to

RBS not required if top flange
Other lateral bracing still required supports structural concrete slab
(i.e. that required by Section D.1 of
the Seismic Provisions)

5.3.2 Column Limitations
Columns shall satisfy the following limitations:

 Columns shall be any rolled shape or built-up shape
permitted in Section 2.3
 Beam shall be connected to flange of column
 Rolled shape column depth shall be limited to W36
(equivalent for built-up section and cruciform)
No weight limit on W36 x for rolled
columns sections and
equivalent for built-
up and cruciform.
Boxed columns limited to 24 in. and boxed wide-

flanges limited to 24 in. in direction of demand



 Boxed columns shall not have a width or depth
exceeding 24 in.
 Boxed wide flange columns shall not have a width
or depth exceeding 24 in. if participating in
orthogonal moment frames
 There is no limit on weight per foot of columns
24 in. max
No limit unless part of

orthogonal frame, then
the limit is 24 in. max.
24 in. max


 Width-to-thickness ratios for flanges and webs of
columns shall conform to Table I-8-1 of AISC
Seismic Provisions (i.e. seismically compact)
 Lateral bracing of columns shall conform to Section
D.1 in AISC Seismic Provisions
Column flange bracing

requirements form
SMF. Nothing beyond
the Specification for
IMF


5.4 Beam-Column Relationship Limitations
Beam-column connections shall satisfy:

 Panel zones shall conform to requirements for
Sections E.3 (SMF) or E.2 (IMF) in AISC Seismic
Provisions
 SMF column-beam ratios shall be limited as follows:
 Column-beam ratio shall conform to AISC
Seismic Provisions Additional moment
due to shear
 Value of ΣM*pb = Σ(Mpr + Mv) amplification from
center of RBS to
centerline of column


 Mv can be computed as VRBS(a + b/2 + dc/2)
 VRBS is shear at center of RBS computed per Step
4 of Section 5.8
Face of column
RBS cut = b
Plastic hinge
VRBS
dc/2 a b/2



 IMF column-beam ratio shall conform to Section E.2
of AISC Seismic Provisions
No additional
requirements
beyond those in
the Specification
(which are
effectively “none”)

5.5 Beam Flange to Column Flange Weld Limitations
Beam flange shall be connected to column flanges

using CJP welds
Beam flange welds shall conform to requirements for
demand critical welds per Section D.2 and Section
A.4 of AISC Seismic Provisions and AWS D1.8


5.5 Beam Flange to Column Flange Weld Limitations
Weld access hole geometry shall conform to

requirements of Section J1.6 of AISC Specification
(i.e. not the special weld access hole)

5.6 Beam Web to Column Connection Limitations
Required shear strength shall be determined per

Equation 5.8-9 of Prequalified Connection Standard
For SMF: Discussed
later
 Beam web shall be connected to column flange with a

CJP weld extending between weld access holes
 Single plate shear connection, with minimum thickness
of 3/8 in., may be used as backing


Required shear strength shall be determined per

Equation 5.8-9 of Prequalified Connection Standard
For SMF:
 Weld tabs are not required at ends of CJP weld at web
 Erection bolt holes in web are permitted

For IMF:
 Beam web shall be connected to column
flange per requirements for SMF
 Exception:
 Bolted web connection using single
shear plate is permitted
 Bolts shall be designed as slip-critical
 Nominal bearing strength at bolt holes
per Section J3.8 of AISC Specification


For IMF:
 Exception:
 Design shear strength for single plate shear
connector shall be determined based on shear
yielding of gross section and shear fracture of net
section
 Plate shall be welded to column flange with CJP
weld or fillet welds on both sides of plate

For IMF:
 Exception:
 Minimum size of fillet weld shall be 75% of plate
thickness
 Short slotted holes, with slot parallel to beam
flanges) are permitted in either beam web or shear
plate but not in both
 Bolts may be pretensioned either before or after
welding


5.7 Fabrication of Flange Cuts
RBS shall be made using thermal cutting to produce a

smooth curve
Maximum surface roughness shall be 500 µ-inches
All transitions between reduced beam section and
unmodified beam shall be rounded in direction of flange
length to minimize notch effects

Corners between RBS surface and top and bottom

flanges shall be rounded to remove sharp edges
Thermal cutting tolerances shall be ±¼ in. from
theoretical cut line
Beam effective flange width at any section shall
have a tolerance of ±3/8 in.


Gouges and notches in RBS may be repaired if not

more than ¼ in. deep by grinding to smooth
transition that is at least 5 x depth of gouge on
each side of gouge If sharp notch exists, area
shall be MT after grinding
Grinding that increases depth of RBS cut more than
¼ in. beyond specified depth is not permitted

Gouges and notches that exceed ¼ in. but not ½ in.

may be repaired by welding.
Notch or gouge shall be removed and radiused to ¼
in. minimum and preheated to 150 oF or per AWS
D1.1 Table 3.2, whichever is greater
Notches and gouges greater than ½ in. in depth
shall be repaired only with a method approved by
EOR


5.8 Design Procedures

Procedures outline steps to design RBS connection

Note that currently there is no HSS or weak-axis
wide flange RBS connection that has been
prequalified
c
b a
RBS Dimensions


Step 1: Choose trial values for the beam sections,

column sections and RBS dimensions a, b, and
c (Figure 5.1) subject to the limits: Initial guess at
RBS geometry
Maximum cut
at RBS
\ the more
'
e
'
,
bbf
the softer the

c
b
°
a Conn
)
.
RBS Dimensions
this to
we don't ° out
get too
big .

where
bbf = width of beam flange, in. (mm)
d = depth of beam, in. (mm)
a = distance from face of column to start of RBS
cut, in. (mm)
b = length of RBS cut, in. (mm)
c = depth of cut at center of the reduced beam
section, in. (mm)



Ze
computation
Step 2: Compute the plastic section modulus at

the center of the reduced beam section:
a
bound
' ,lofO where
Ze = plastic section modulus at center of the reduced
beam section, in.3 (mm3)
Zx = plastic section modulus for full beam cross-section,
in.3, (mm3)
tbf = thickness of beam flange, in. (mm)


Mpr
computation
Step 3: Compute the probable maximum moment at the

center of the reduced beam section:
where
Mpr = probable maximum moment at center of the
reduced beam section, kip-in. (N-mm)
Mpr


Shear at
centerline of 5.8 Design Procedures
RBS
Step 4: Compute the shear force at the center of the

reduced beam sections at each end of the beam.
The shear force at the center of the reduced beam
sections shall be determined by a free body
diagram of the portion of the beam between the
centers of the reduced beam sections.

This calculation shall assume the moment at the

center of each reduced beam section is Mpr
and shall include gravity loads acting on the
beam based on the load combination 1.2D +
f1L+0.2S


Shear at
centerline of 5.8 Design Procedures
RBS
where
f1 = load factor determined by the applicable
building code for live loads, but not less than
0.5
Plastic hinge
VRBS
dc/2 a b/2

Step 5: Compute the probable maximum moment

at the face of the column.
The moment at the face of the column shall be
computed from a free-body diagram of the
segment of the beam between the center of the
reduced beam section and the face of the
column


Based on this free-body diagram, the moment at

the face of the column is computed as follows:
Moment at
face of
It
column
Mf
Mpr
Sh VRBS


where
Mf = probable maximum at face of column, kip-in.
VRBS = larger of the two values of shear force at the
center of the reduced beam section at each
end of the beam, kips
Sh = a + b/2, in.
Mf
Mpr
Sh VRBS


Step 6: Compute the plastic moment of the beam

based on the expected yield stress:
Cafe were
- no ↳ -
pedant
-0
,
Unreduced this to
moment capacity
where at face of column
yield .
Mpe = plastic moment of beam based on expected

yield stress, kip-in.

Step 7: Check that Mf does not exceed φdMpe

as follows:
Mf ≤ φdMpe
If gross section
cannot resist
applied moment,
adjust RBS
If Equation 5.8-8 is not satisfied, increase the

value of c and/or decrease the values of a and b,
and repeat Steps 2 through 7.


Step 8: Determine the required shear strength Vu

of beam and beam web-to-column connection
from:
d/2 beyond
Shear demand end of RBS
on beam and
beam-column
connection
± .
L’

where
Vn = required shear strength of beam and beam web-
to-column connection, kips
L’ = distance between the centers of the reduced
beam sections, in.
Vgravity = beam shear force resulting from 1.2D + f1L + 0.2S,
kips
f1 = load factor determined by the applicable building
code for live loads, but not less than 0.5


Check design shear strength of beam according to

Chapter G of the AISC Specification.

Step 9: Design the beam web-to-column connection

according to Section 5.6.
Step 10: Check continuity plate requirements according to
Chapter 2.
Step 11: Check column panel zone according to Section 5.4.
Step 12: Check column-beam moment ratio according to
Section 5.4.
Step 13: Confirm that drift is acceptable (scale Ix downward
up to 10% based on amount of flange removed).


Deflection Amplification
Investigate the impact on the stiffness of a frame girder with

a significant reduction in flange area in the region of the
RBS (i.e., why can you cut out 50% of the flange area and
only experience (at most) a 10% amplification of the frame
drift?)
b a
RBS Dimensions

Deflection Amplifcation
Model 1: 30’ long simply supported W36x150 with 121k load at
midspan. Modeled using 5 continuously connected beam elements.
(This shows that breaking the beam up into segments does not
significantly impact results.)
Model
Hand-calculated
deflection = 0.4594”
Hand-calculated
Deflected
reaction = 62.75 k III-112
shape


Model 2: 30’ long fixed W36x150 with 121k load at midspan.

Modeled using 5 continuously connected beam elements.
Model
Deflected
shape

Model 3: 30’ long fixed beam with 121k load at midspan.

Modeled using 3 – W36x150 and 2-W30x132 continuously
connected beam elements.
a = 6” W30x132 36” long” a = 6”
IW30x132 = 0.63IW36x150
Model
b = 36” b = 36”
16.8% increase in
deflection compared to
prismatic section
Deflected
shape


Conclusion: the amplification of deflection is not close to

being linearly proportional to the reduction in stiffness at
the RBS.
 Reduction in stiffness impacts a relatively small portion of the

beam (albeit in an area of high moment demand)
 The beams are not the only parts of the frame contributing to its
stiffness (e.g., the columns)


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CE 241 – Advanced Steel Design

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

Prequalified Connection Standard

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

Provide design, detailing, fabrication, and quality

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2010 AISC Seismic Provisions

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

Design, materials, and workmanship to be

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.1 Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection

¢ ConXL Moment Connection (proprietary) (Ch 10)*

*Supplement 1 of 2010 version

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.1 Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection

5. Reduced Beam Section Moment Connection

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.1 Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection

6. Bolted Unstiffened and Stiffened Extended End-Plate

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.1 Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection

7. Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Moment Connection

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

2.1 Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection

Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Moment Connection

8. Welded Unreinforced Flange, Welded Web (WUF-W)

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.1 Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection

9. Kaiser Bolted Bracket (KBB)

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.1 Special and Intermediate Moment Frame Connection

10. ConXL Moment Connection (Proprietary)

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.2 Connection Stiffness

All connections in this Standard shall be

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

kss → Need month .

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.3.1 Rolled Wide-Flange Members

Rolled wide-flange members shall conform to the

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

2.3.2 Built-up Members

Built-up, doubly symmetric I-shaped sections OK:

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design .

Professor Thomas A. Sabol

Sh CJP weld and

Prof. Thomas A. Sabil – UCLA Department of Civil

CEE 241– Advanced Steel Design

Built-up columns shall