\laoblo Fklu`ty /Lgocastry Lgkptor ;;4 \tnalgancotry / \olnbs ; \tuiy / ]nrh sgoot)Bkco^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Ikto^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Mrkio ;:/^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
\oltnb ;4 Iofbabm \nalgancoryCkab aiok4
Ygo kcnubt nf oklg rokltkbt prosobt kt tgo stkrt nf k lgocalk` roklnb iotorcabos gnw culg prniult lkb fnrc.
Bow vnlkeu`kry4 [;) _so ]ahapoiak n iofbo snalgancorysnalgancorysəɤhaˇɕcɤra/ as go lk`lu`ktnb n roklkbs kbi prniuls ab lgocalk` rokltnbs.
Ygo `kw n lnbsorvktnb n ckss
stktos tgkt ckor as boatgor lroktoi bnr iostrnyoi ab k lgocalk` roklnb.
Ckss
rokltkbts
3 Ckss
prniults
cn`o rktn
k rkn eotwoob tgo buceors nf cn`os nf kby twn suestkblos ab kek`kbloi lgocalk` oquknb
Zkrtl`o kbi Cn`o Uo`ktnbsgaps4 Oxp`kab
tgo acpnrtkblo nf tgo `kw nf lnbsorvknb nf ckss ab lgocalk` roklnbs.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Uok`-wnr`i lnbbolnb4 Oxp`kab gnw stnalgancotry as acpnrtkbt tn kar ekms kbi ynur skfoty>
5BkB
<
(s)
<B
5
(m) + 5Bk (s), ;:Bk +5 HBN
<
H
5
N +?Bk
5
N+ B
5
, H
5
N +Bk
5
N+\aN
5
Bk
5
H
5
\aN
9
Ygo oxpkbsanb nf kb kar ekm iopobis nb k soraos nf lgocalk` roklnbs abvn`vabm gokt, sniauc kzaio, kbi pntkssauc batrkto. Af tgo lgocalk` roklnbs kro bnt prolaso`y coksuroi tgrnumg stnalgancotral lk`lu`knbs, tgo kar ekm cky bnt abkto, nr tgo abktoi kar ekm cky eo sn gkri tgkt at lkb lkuso gkrc. Ygas kpp`aos tn pgkrckloulk` abiustry, iotormobts kbi kby potrnlgocalk` abiustraos ab tgo _KO.
;
Ygo `kw nf lnbsorvktanb nf ckss stktos tgkt ckttor as boatgor lroktoi bnr iostrnyoi ab k lgocalk` rokltanb. Lgocalk` enbis abrokltkbts erokh kbi bow lgocalk` enbis fnrc tn prniulo prniults, eut tgo kcnubt nf ckttor prosobt kt tgo obi nf tgorokltanb as tgo skco ks at wks kt tgo eomabbabm nf tgo rokltanb.
Aborprotbm Lgocalk` Oquktnbs
Yksh;4 Abtorprot tgo fn``nwabm ek`kbloi lgocalk` oquknb ab torcs nf pkrl`o, cn`o, kbi ckss. \gnw tgkt tgo `kw nf lnbsorvknb nf ckss as nesorvoi.B
5 (m)
+ <G
5 (m)
5BG
< (m)
\ueskbloCn`kr Ckss(m/cn`)Buceorn pkrtl`osBuceor n Cn`os(cn`)
^^^^ cn` x cn`kr ckss3
Ckss (m)
B
5
5 x (;9.:;) 3 57.:5 m/cn`
; cn`olu`o B
5
; cn` B
5
; cn` B
5
x
57.:5 m/cn`3 57.:5 m
G
5
5 x (;.:;) 3 5.:5
m/cn`
< cn`olu`osG
5
< cn` G
5
< cn` G
5
x
5.:5 m/cn`3 6.:6 m
BG
<
; x (;9.:;) + < x
(;.:;)3 ;=.:9 m/cn`
5 cn`olu`os BG
<
5 cn` LN
5
5 cn` BG
<
x
;=.:9 m/cn`3 <9.:7 m
B
5 (m)
+ <G
5 (m)
5BG
< (m)
Uokltkbts Zrniults Ckss
rokltkbts
3 Ckss
prniults
57.:5 m B
5
+
6.:6 m G
5
3 <9.:7 m BG
<
<9.:7 rokltkbts
3 <9.:7 prniults
5
Yksh54
Ek`kblo tgo fn``nwabm oquknb, tgob abtorprot at ab torcs nf pkrl`o, cn`o, kbi ckss.\gnw tgkt tgo `kw nf lnbsorvknb nf ckss as nesorvoi.TbN
(s)
+ 5GL@
(kq)
TbL`
5(kq)
+ G
5
N
(`)
\ueskbloCn`kr Ckss (m/cn`)Buceorn pkrtl`osBuceor n Cn`os(cn`)
^^^^ cn` x cn`kr ckss3
Ckss (m)
TbN
; x (6?.<1) + ; x (;6.::)3
7;.<1 m/cn`
; fnrcu`k ubat TbN; cn` TbN
; cn` TbN
x
7;.<1 m/cn`3 7;.<1 m
GL@
; x (;.:;) + ; x (<?.9?)3
<6.96 m/cn`
5 cn`olu`os GL` 5 cn` GL`
5 cn` GL`
x
<6.96 m/cn`3 =5.15 m
TbL`
5
; x (6?.<1) + 5 x (<?.9?)3
;<6.51 m/cn`
; fnrcu`k ubat
TbL`
5
; cn`
TbL`
5
;cn`
TbL`
5
x
;<6.51m/cn`3 ;<6.51 m
G
5
N
5 x (;.:;) + ;x (;6.::)3
;7.:5 m/cn`
; cn`olu`os
G
5
N
; cn`
G
5
N
; cn`
G
5
N
x
;7.:5 m/cn`3 ;7.:5 m TbN
(s)
+ 5GL@
(kq)
TbL`
5(kq)
+ G
5
N
(`)
Uokltkbts ZrniultsCkss
rokltkbts
3 Ckss
prniults
7;.<1 m
TbN
+
=5.15 m
GL`
3 ;<6.51 m TbL`
5
+
;7.:5 m
G
5
N;?9.<; rokltkbts
3 ;?9.<; prniults
<
Yksh<4
Fnr tgo iolncpnsanb nf pntkssauc lg`nrkto (HL`N
<
) tn netkab pntkssauc lg`nraio kbi nxymob. Lncp`oto kbi ek`kblo tgo lgocalk` oquknb fnr tgas roklnb, tgob abtorprot at ab torcs nf pkrl`o, cn`o, kbi ckss. \gnw tgkt tgo `kw nf lnbsorvknb nf ckss as nesorvoi.
5
HL`N
<
(\)
5 HL`
(\)
+
<N
5
(m)
\ueskbloCn`kr Ckss (m/cn`)Buceorn pkrtl`osBuceorn Cn`os(cn`)
^^^^ cn` x cn`kr ckss3
Ckss (m)
HL`N
<
;x(<1.;)+;x(<?.9?)+<x(;6)3;55.??
m/cn`
5 fnrcu`k ubats
HL`N
<
5 cn`
HL`N
<
5cn` HL`N
<
x;55.?? m/cn`359?.;m
HL`
; x (<1.;) + ; x (<?.9?)3 =9.??
m/cn`
5 fnrcu`k ubats
HL`
5 cn`
HL`
5 cn` TbN
x
=9.?? m/cn`3 ;91.; m
N
5
5 x (;6) 3 <5 m/cn`
< cn`olu`os
N
5
< cn`
N
5
< cn` TbN
x
<5m/cn`3 16 m
5
HL`N
<
(\)
5 HL`
(\)
+
<N
5
(m)
Uokltkbts ZrniultsCkss
rokltkbts
3 Ckss
prniults
59?.;m 3 59?.;m
9