Book of Knowledge PDF
Book of Knowledge PDF
Book of Knowledge PDF
KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge is Power
Francis Bacon
Kevin Raja
The Book of
KNOWLEDGE
E-book
edition 1
August 2020
WORLD & SPACE 4
Biggest, highest, longest, tallest and more
45
Longest Bridge in the World
MAN-MADE… 36
Longest, heaviest, tallest, biggest and more
PEOPLE 62
Discoverers, achievers, statistics and more
INVENTORS 79 39
Inventors and founders Largest Building Area
70
SPORT 122 First man in space
Successes, achievers, record setters and more
ANIMALS 125 15
Biggest, heaviest, tallest, smallest and more Shortest River in the World
133
Smallest Fish
WONDERS OF THE WORLD 143
What are they?
PHOBIAs 153
Some common phobias
132
Largest Fish
67
21 77 Oldest Person
Deepest Lake in the World Youngest Female Pilot
124 33 40
Youngest Planet Largest Hotel
Most Olympic Medals
143
Wonders of the World
64 / 63 41
Tallest & Shortest Men Largest Manmade Fountain
Correct in 2020
Asia is Earth's largest and most
Biggest Continent populous continent, located primarily in
in the World the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres. It
shares the continental landmass of
Eurasia with the continent of Europe and
Number of Countries: 48 the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia
Area: 44,579,000 sq. km with both Europe and Africa. Asia covers
Population: 4,560,667,108 (2018) an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres
Density: 100 / sq. km (17,212,000 sq mi), about 30% of Earth’s
Biggest: Asian portion of Russia total land area and 8.7% of the Earth’s
Most Populated: China total surface area. Its 4.5 billion people
Smallest & Least Populated: (as of June 2019) constitute roughly 60%
Maldives of the world's population, more than all
other continents combined.
According to the UN, there are 48 countries in Asia. Asian portion of Russia
being the largest and China being the most populated whereas Maldives being
the smallest and least populated.
Singapore is most densely
populated country and
Mongolia is least densely
populated country in Asia.
Least Populated
Country in the
World
Country: VATICAN CITY
Area: 0.44 sq. km
Population: 1,000 (2017 est)
Density: 2272 / sq. km
Currency: Euro
The Gambia’s highest point is Red Rock at only 53 m. Most of the country is mangrove
swamp, floodplain, or a coastal beach.
The Guinea-Bissau, a small tropical country lies at a low altitude; its highest
unnamed point is 300 m. The interior is savanna.
Kuwait is mostly hot desert and its highest point Mutla Ridge is 306 m.
Latvia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea on the level north-western part of the
rising East European platform, between Estonia and Lithuania. About 98% of the country
lies under 200 m elevation, Gaiziņkalns at 311.6 m being the highest point.
While our solar system may seem old at 4.6 billion years,
Oldest the oldest planets discovered are twice and even three
‘Planet’ times as old as our oldest planet, which is Jupiter, as well
as the largest planet in our solar system.
However, including exoplanets and protoplanets,
PSR B1620−26b is one of the oldest known
extrasolar planets, believed to be about 12.7 billion
years old. It is an exoplanet located approximately
12,400 light-years from Earth in the constellation of
Scorpius. The planet is in a circumbinary orbit
around the two stars of PSR B1620-26 (which are
Discovered: 30 May 1993 a pulsar (PSR B1620-26 A) and a white dwarf (WD
B1620-26)) and is the first circumbinary planet
ever confirmed. It is also the first planet found in a globular cluster.
Smallest Planet
MERCURY
Surface Area: 7.48×107 sq.km
Volume: 6.083×1010 cubic km
Mass: 3.3011×1023 kg
Mean Density: 5.427 g/cubic cm
Mean Radius: 2,439.7±1.0 km
Mercury is the smallest and
Av. Orbital Speed: 47.362 km/s
innermost planet in the Solar System. Its Orbital Period: 87.9691 days
orbit around the Sun takes 87.97 days, the Distance from Earth to Mercury:
shortest of all the planets in the Solar 105.98 million km
System. Like Venus, Mercury orbits the Distance from Sun to Mercury:
Sun within Earth's orbit as an inferior 65.5 million km
planet, and its apparent distance from the
Sun as viewed from Earth never exceeds 28°. Mercury appears to have a
solid silicate crust and mantle overlying a solid, iron sulfide outer core layer, a
deeper liquid core layer, and a solid inner core.
Deepest Pools
in the World
Nemo 33 is an indoor non
chlorinated fresh water facility in Brussels,
Belgium. It held the record as the deepest
indoor swimming pool in the world between its opening on 1 May 2004,
and the completion of Y-40 in Montegrotto Terme, Popular Mechanics rates
Nemo 33 as one of the top 18 strangest pools in the world.
Y-40 “The Deep Joy”, the world’s deepest pool, named in Guinness World
Records, is in Hotel Terme Millepini, Padua, Italy. The pool is 42.15 m deep
and contains 4,300 cubic metres of thermal water kept at a temperature of
32-34 degrees Celsius. The pool features underwater caves and a
suspended, transparent underwater tunnel for guests to walk through. When
it opened on 5 June 2014, it was awarded “Deepest Swimming Pool for
Diving”.
Largest
Passenger
Aeroplane The Airbus A380 is the world's
largest passenger airliner, a wide-body
in the World aircraft manufactured by Airbus. Airbus studies
started in 1988 and project was announced in 1990 to challenge the
dominance of the Boeing 747 in the long haul market. It was first delivered to
Singapore Airlines on 15 October 2007 and entered service on 25 October.
On 14 February 2019, after Emirates reduced its last orders in favour of the
A350 and the A330neo, Airbus announced that A380 production would end
by 2021. The full-length double-deck aircraft
has a typical seating capacity of 525, though it
is certified for up to 853 passengers.
As of December 2019, Airbus has received
251 firm orders and delivered 242 aircraft;
Emirates is the biggest customer with 123
ordered, of which 115 have been delivered.
Saturnino de la Fuente, a
Oldest
Spanish is the oldest known living man, aged 111
Living Man
years, after the death of Robert Weighton on 28 in the World
May 2020, at the age of 112 years, 60 days.
SATURNINO de la
Saturnino de la Fuente Garcia, the youngest of six FUENTE
siblings, was born in León, Spain on 8 February Nationality: Spanish
1909. He has lived in the same province of Spain for Born: 8 February 1909
his entire life.
Englishman Robert Weighon, who held the title for
the oldest person living (male), has passed away
due to cancer. Bob Weighton was officially
confirmed as the oldest person living (male) at 112
years and 1 day on 30 March 2020.
Therese Peltier (1873 – 1926) was a French aviator. She may have been
the first woman to pilot a heavier-than-air craft. On unknown date, she made
a solo flight of 200 m at a height of 2.5 m at the Military Square in Turin.
Blanche Stuart Scott (April 8, 1884 – January 12,
1970), was possibly the first American woman aviator. On
6 September 1910 either the limiter moved or a gust of
wind lifted the biplane and she flew to an altitude of forty
feet before executing a gentle landing. Her flight was short
and possibly unintentional but Scott is credited as the first
woman to pilot and solo in an airplane in the US, although Bessica Medlar
Raiche's flight on 16 September was accredited as first by the Aeronautical
Society of America at the time.
Bessica Faith Raiche (April 1875 – 11 April 1932) was the first woman in
the United States accredited with flying solo in her homemade airplane at
Hempstead Plains, New York, on 16 September 1910.
Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (18 March 1858 - 29 September 1913) was
a German inventor and mechanical engineer, famous for the invention of the
Diesel engine, and for his suspicious death at sea, the English Channel.
From 1893 to 1897, Heinrich von Buz, director of MAN SE in
Augsburg, gave Rudolf Diesel the opportunity to test and
develop his ideas. The first successful Diesel engine ran in
1897 and is now on display at the German Technical
Museum in Munich. Rudolf Diesel obtained patents for his
design in Germany and other countries, including the United
States. He was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in
1978.
The Wright brothers – Orville (19 August 1871 - 30 January 1948) and
Wilbur (16 April 1867 – 30 May 1912) were two American aviation pioneers
generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first
successful motor-operated airplane. They made the first controlled,
sustained sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air
aircraft with the Wright Flyer on 17 December
1903, 6 km south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In
1904–05, the brothers developed their flying
machine to make longer-running and more
aerodynamic flights with the Wright Flyer II,
followed by the first truly practical fixed-wing
aircraft, the Wright Flyer III. The Wright brothers
were also the first to invent aircraft controls that
made fixed-wing powered flight possible. The
brothers' breakthrough was their creation of a 3 -
axis control system, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively
and to maintain its equilibrium. After experimenting with several sizes of
Wright Gliders, in 1903 the brothers built the powered Wright Flyer, using
their preferred material for construction, spruce, a strong and lightweight
wood, and Pride of the West muslin for surface coverings. Wilbur made a 3
second flight attempt on 14 December 1903, stalling after takeoff and
causing minor damage to the Flyer. So their first powered test flight
happened on the 121st anniversary of the first hot air balloon test flight that
the Montgolfier brothers had done, on December 14, 1782.
Henri Fabre (29 November 1882 – 30 June 1984) was a French aviator
and the inventor of the first successful seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion. He
intensively studied aeroplane and propeller designs. He patented a system of
flotation devices which he used when he succeeded in taking off from the
surface of the Etang de Berre on 28 March 1910. On that day, he completed
four consecutive flights, the longest about 600 metres. the Hydravion has
survived and is displayed in the Musée de l'Air in Paris. Henri Fabre was
soon contacted by Glenn Curtiss and Gabriel Voisin who used his invention to
develop their own seaplanes.
As late as 1971, Fabre he was still
sailing his own boat single-
handedly in Marseille harbour.
He died at the age of 101 as one of
the last living pioneers of human
flight.
Jian Zhou (1957 – March 1999) was a Chinese virologist and cancer
researcher, who with fellow researcher Ian Frazer, invented Gardasil and
Cervarix, the vaccines for stimulating human immunological resistance to the
cervical cancer-inducing human papilloma virus. The two considered the
problem of developing a vaccine for HPV – a virus that cannot be cultured
without living tissue. Frazer and Zhou filed a provisional patent in June 1991
and began work on developing the vaccine within UQ.
J. S. Fry & Sons, Ltd. better known as Fry's, was a British chocolate
company owned by Joseph Storrs Fry and his family. Beginning in Bristol in
the 18th century, the business went through several changes of name and
ownership, becoming J. S. Fry & Sons in 1822. In 1847, Fry's produced the
first solid chocolate bar. The company also created the first filled chocolate
sweet, Cream Sticks, in 1853. Fry is most famous for Fry's Chocolate Cream,
the first mass-produced chocolate bar which was launched in 1866, and Fry's
Turkish Delight, launched in 1914.
Christian Coleman
is an American professional track
and field sprinter who competes in
the 100-meter dash and 200-meter
dash. He is the current world
champion in the 100 meters. He
was a double medallist at the World
Championships in Athletics in 2017,
winning silver medals in both the
100 m and 4 × 100-meter relay. He
holds personal records of 9.76 s for
the 100 m and 19.85 for the 200 m, and is also the world indoor record holder
for the 60-meter dash with 6.34 seconds.
In February, Coleman decided to compete at the U.S. Indoor Championships
in Albuquerque on the 14th and 15th with the intent of breaking his world
record in the 60 m. he took the U.S. title in a world-leading 6.37 seconds,
equal his second fastest time in world history and 0.12 s ahead of second
place Marvin Bracy.
The English Mastiff is a breed of large dog. The greatest weight ever
recorded for a dog, 155.6 kg, was that of an English Mastiff from England
named Aicama Zorba of La Susa.
Largest Mouth on a
Terrestrial Animal
The largest mouth of all land animals
.
belongs to the hippopotamus of Africa
which can open its jaws to almost 180°. In a
fully grown male hippo, this equates to an
average gape of 1.2 m (4 ft).
The Maldives, is a small island nation in South Asia, located in the Arabian Sea of the
Indian Ocean. It lies southwest of Sri Lanka and India, about 1,000 km from the Asian
continent. The chain of 26 atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to Addu
Atoll in the south to the equator. It is one of the world's most geographically dispersed
sovereign states as well as the smallest Asian country by land area and population.
The Maldives consists of 1,192 coral islands
grouped in a double chain of 26 atolls, that stretch
along a length of 871 km north-south direction,
spread over roughly 90,000 sq. km, only 298 sq.
km of that is dry land, making this one of the
world's most dispersed countries. Its cuisine is
Maldives
mainly coconuts, fish and starches.
Mauritius is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,000 km off the south-east
coast of the African continent. The country includes the islands of Mauritius, Rodrigues,
Agaléga and St. Brandon. Mauritius currently has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites,
namely, Aapravasi Ghat and Le Morne Cultural Landscape. Additionally, Black River
Gorges National Park is currently in the UNESCO tentative list. The cuisine of Mauritius is
a blend of Chinese, European and Indian influences in the history of Mauritius. Dishes from
French cuisine have grown very popular in Mauritius. Most of the dishes and practices into
the culinary traditions are inspired by former slaves, Indian workers and Chinese migrants
arriving during the 19th century.
In 2009, a black jaguar was recorded for the first time in Costa Rica's Alberto Manuel
Brenes Biological Reserve. In jaguars, the melanism allele is dominant. Black jaguars have
either black or spotted cubs, but a pair of spotted jaguars can only produce spotted cubs.
A white panther (left) is a white specimen of any of several species of
larger cat. "Panther" is used in some parts of North America to mean the
cougar (Puma concolor), in South America to mean the jaguar and
elsewhere it refers to the leopard. A white panther may therefore be a
white cougar, a white jaguar or a white leopard. Of these, white leopards
appear to be the most common, although still very rare. White cougars,
white jaguars and white leopards occasionally sighted too.
A puma (below) is a genus in the family Felidae that contains the cougar (also known as
the puma). The cougar (Puma concolor) is a large felid of the subfamily Felinae.
It is native to the Americas. Its range spans from the Canadian Yukon to the
southern Andes in South America, and is the widest of any large wild
terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere. It is the 2nd heaviest cat
after the jaguar. Secretive and largely solitary by nature, the cougar is
considered both nocturnal and crepuscular, although daytime sightings do
occur. Puma is the mountain lion, cougar, puma concolor
while lion is a big cat, panthera leo.
The emu is the 2nd largest living bird by height, after its
ratite relative, the ostrich. It is endemic to Australia where
it is the largest native bird and the only extant member of
the genus Dromaius. It’s range covers most of mainland
Australia. Emus are soft-feathered, brown, flightless birds
with long necks and legs, and can reach up to 1.9 m in
height. Emus can travel great distances, and can sprint at 50 km/h.
Achluophobia Darkness
Acousticophobia Noise
Acrophobia Heights
Aerophobia Aircraft or flying
Agoraphobia Open places
Agyrophobia Crossing streets
Aichmophobia Sharp or pointed objects
Ailurophobia Cats
Algophobia Pain
Aquaphobia Water
Arachnophobia Spiders or Arachnids
Astraphobia Thunder and Lightning
Atelophobia Imperfection
Autophobia Isolation
Bacteriophobia Bacteria
Basophobia Falling
Batrachophobia Amphibians
Belonephobia Needles
Bibliophobia Books
Catoptrophobia Mirrors
Chemophobia Chemicals
Cherophobia Happiness
Chiroptophobia Bats
Chromophobia Colours
Chronomentrophobia Clocks
Claustrophobia No escape / Being closed in
Coimetrophobia Cemeteries
Coprophobia Feces or defecation
Coulrophobia Clowns
Cyberphobia Computers
Cynophobia Dogs
Demonophobia Demons
Dendrophobia Trees
Dentophobia Dentists
Dysmorphophobia Real or imaginary body defect
Eisoptrophobia Seeing one’s reflection in mirror
Emetophobia Vomiting
Enochlophobia Crowds
Entomophobia Insects
Equinophobia Horses
Ergophobia Surgeon’s fear of operating
Erotophobia Sexual abuse
Erythrophobia Colour Red or blushing
Frigophobia Becoming too old
Gamophobia Marriage
Gelotophobia Being laughed at
Gephyrophobia Bridges
Genuphobia Act of kneeling
Gerascophobia Growing old or Aging
Globophobia Balloons
Glossophobia Speaking in public / trying to speak
Gymnophobia Nudity
Halitophobia Bad breath
Heliophobia Sun or sunlight
Helminthophobia Worms
Hemophobia Blood
Herpetophobia Reptiles
hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia Number 666
Hodophobia Travel
Hypnophobia Sleep or Nightmares
Hypochondria Illness
Ichthyophobia Fish, eating fish, dead fish
Insectophobia Insects
Koumpounophobia Buttons
Lilapsophobia Tornadoes or Hurricanes
Mageirocophobia Cooking
Melanophobia Colour Black
Melissophobia Bees
Musophobia Mice or Rats
Myrmecophobia Ants
Mysophobia Germs, Contamination or Dirt
Necrophobia Death or the Dead
Neophobia Newness, novelty or change
Noctiphobia Night
Nomophobia Being out of mobile phone contact
Nosocomephobia Hospitals
Nosophobia Contracting a disease
Numerophobia Numbers
Nyctophobia Darkness
Obesophobia Gaining weight
Odontophobia Dental
Oneirophobia Dreams
Ophidiophobia Snakes
Ornithophobia Birds
Osmophobia Odours
Panphobia Everything or unknown cause
Pedophobia Babies or children
Phagophobia Swallowing
Pharmacophobia Medications
Phasmophobia Ghosts or phantoms
Philophobia Love
Phobophobia Having a phobia
Phonophobia Loud sounds or voices
Pogonophobia Beards
Porphyrophobia Colour Purple
Pteromerhanophobia Flying
Pyrophobia Fire
Radiophobia Radioactivity or X-rays
Ranidaphobia Frogs
Roller Coaster Phobia Roller Coasters
Scopophobia Being looked at or stared
Siderodromophobia Trains or railroads
Sociophobia People or social situations
Somniphobia Sleep
Spectrophobia Mirrors
Spheksophobia Wasps
Stasiphobia Standing or Walking
Submechanophobia Partially or fully submerged objects
Taphophobia Graves
Technophobia Advanced technology
Teratophobia Disfigured people
Tetraphobia Number 4
His passion for long distance driving made him to execute a drive mission from Singapore to Cambodia to
help the needy children in late 2019. He drove his Mazda 3 sports on a 5403 km trip via Malaysia and
Thailand to Siem Reap, Cambodia and returned in 12 days. He is planning another charity drive mission
further than Cambodia after the pandemic situation.
As an Arts enthusiast, he sings, acts and produces stage and online shows and concerts. In mid 2020, amidst
the pandemic situation he produced several online shows for online audience. One of which, Tiktok Stars
2020 was recorded in Singapore Book of Records as the ‘Largest Tiktok Video Montage’.
During the Covid-19 Circuit Breaker period, while searching and reading many topics on knowledge, he
decided to compile them and make it useful to everyone. He felt not many takes the trouble to read such
statistics. So he decided to have them compiled and hope all keep it in their mobile phones for quick
references. Hence this e-book BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE is born. It took Kevin 3 months to search, compile,
proof-read and make it worthy of sharing, on 9 August 2020 as Singapore celebrate the nation’s 55th birthday.
Kevin Raja thanks Google, Guinness Records, Wikipedia and many other sources that made this possible for
all to benefit from. Currently he is writing a book “Earth and Mankind” that tells much about the beginning
of Earth and its Mankind. Expected to complete in 2021.