SECOND GRADING MUSIC MAPEH 8

East Asian Music 3. Biwa- short necked fretted lute,used in narrative storytelling
-Chosen instrument of Benten (Goddess of music, eloquence, poetry
JAPAN and education.
Instrumental Music of Japan
Wind Instruments (Aerophone)
 Meditative in character
 Highly ritualized 1. Shakuhachi- most famous flute made from bamboo, 4-5 finger holes on
 Spiritual character the front face and -the humbhole on the rear face.
 About religious festival, work, love, dance and regional songs -imported from China for gagaku
2. Nokan- parallel, bamboo flute (fue) only melodic instrument used in Noh,
JAPANESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NO SPECIFIC PITCH
3. Hichiriki- double reed flute (fue) used as 1 of two main melodic
Percussion Instruments (Membranophone) instruments.
4. Sho- free reed musical instruments that was introduced from China during
1. Odaiko- (big drum)- physical energy and sheer excitement of an odaiko the Nara period.
performance is an integral part of many Japanese matsuri (festival) 5. Shinobue- also called takebue, has a high pitch sound.
2. Tsuzumi (hourglass-shape) 6. Ryuteki- “dragon flute” , used in gagaku
 Kotsuzumi- held on the RIGHT SHOULDER and the player alters
the tone by squeezing the laces CHINA
 Otsuzumi- is placed on the LEFT THIGH
*Both Noh And Kabuki Performances Chinese Musical Instruments
3. Tsuridaiko- a large hanging barrel drum 1. Yueqin
4. Taiko- drums comes in various sizes and used to play a variety of musical  a moon shaped lute with shorter neck and four strings
genres.  played with a spectrum,used for accompanying local operas.

String Instruments (Chordophone) 2. Pipa

 a four-stringed lute with 30 frets and a pear-shaped body
1. Koto- 13 string zither, 2 meters long and made of Paulownia wood.
 This instrument has an extremely wide dynamic range and remarkable
- plucked using picks on the thumb and the first two fingers of the
expressive power.
right hand, while the left hand can be used to modify pitch an tone
3. Erhu
-used in an ensemble in gagaku or as a solo instruments
 a two-stringed fiddle and one of the most popular Chinese instruments.
2. Shamisen- plucked string instrument,similar to guitar or banjo
-employing a neck and string stretched across a resonating body  It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles or large
-the NECK is FRETLESS and slimmer than guitar or banjo orchestra and by various ethnic groups.
4. Yunluo
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 literally “CLOUD GONGS” or “CLOUD OF GONGS”  Literally “right (or correct) music”
 A set of 10 small tuned gongs mounted in a wooden frame.  Includes both instrumental and vocal music.
 Generally of equal diameter but different in thickness  ensemble music for men of high social status outside the court
 THICKER GONGS produce a HIGHER PITCH.
5. Sheng Three Important Terms
 also called as Chinese mouth organ and looks like a set of panpipes 1. a-ak
with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes 2. tang-ak
 Each pipe is of length with a brass reed at the bottom and a hole that 3. hyang-ak
must be blocked in order for the note to sound.
 Makes it possible to sound several notes simultaneously, so chords Sog-ak or Minsogak
and melody can be performed at the same time.  category of Korean music traditionally associated with the lower classes or for
 One of the oldest Chinese musical instruments. general public and are vibrant and energetic.
6. Dizi Pansori- music presented to audiences by skilled vocal singers and drummers.(even
 is the traditional Chinese flute. unskilled could sing)
 Can have a membrane over an extra hole to give the characteristic  they sang when they worked in the rice paddy or fields
raffle effect.  sang when they off with their lover
 Player plays by blowing the mouthpiece and produces the different  sang when their life was troubled and weighing them down
notes by stopping the six holes found in the rod.
7. Zheng KOREAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
 Ancient Chinese instrument that has an arched surface and an
elongated-trapezoid with 13-21 strings stretched over individual String Instruments
bridges. 1. Kayagum (gayageum)
 Playing range spans three to four octaves.  Traditional Korean zither-like string instrument
8. Pengling  12 strings (21 or more strings)
 Two small bells made of high-tin bronze, without internal clappers  Best known as traditional Korean musical instruments
and hemispheric or bottomless gourd-like in shape. 2. Geomungo
 Instrument has a delicate, clarion and melodious tone.  6 string plucked zither with both bridges and frets
 Coloring rhythmic instrument, either in ensembles or in theatre music,  Scholars believe that the name refers to GOGURYEO or that it refers
bringing an effect of peaceful dreams. to GOGURYEO ZITHER that is referring to the color that translates
to “black crane zither.
Korea 3. Haegum
Chong-Ak  2 string vertical fiddle
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 Rod-like neck Two Modes
 Hollow wooden soundbox 1. Yo-sen
 Two silk strings 2. In-sen
 Held vertically on the knee of the performer and played with a bow.
Mo Li Hua
Wind Instruments  is the traditional Chinese song with a beautifully gentle and lyrical melody.
1. Piri
 Used in both folk music and classical court music Arirang (means “the hill”)
 Made of bamboo  Korean Folk Song
 Large reed and cylindrical bore give it a sound mellower than that of  Song of farewell
many other types of oboe.

Percussion Instruments
1. Changgo
 The most widely used drum in traditional music
 Hourglass-shaped body with two heads made from animal skin.
 Two heads produce sound of different pitch and timbre which when
played together believed to represents the harmony of man and
woman.

Terminologies
1. Vocal Timbre- nasal and throaty
2. Rhythm- duple, triple, quadruple
3. Melody- pentatonic scale, diatonic scale
4. Texture- monophony (a capella); homophony (with chordal accompaniment);
heterophony (same melody but ornamented by several musical instruments)
5. Form- Strophic (using the same tune on different verses)

Vocal Music of Japan

Main tone of Japan