BINARY NUMBER

Binary in mathematics means base 2 not base 10.

0 and 1 are the only numbers used in this system.
Subscript 2 is always written for us to distinguish that the given number is a
binary number.

1012 – For this example, we have a three BIT number.

BIT - “binary digit”

In binary numbers it is important to know the number base system

Binary 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 . 0 1 1
Number
Place … 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2−1 2−2 2−3 …
Value Or Or Or
1 1 1
2 1 2 2 23
Place … 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 …
Value 2 4 8

This number system will be used in converting the Binary Numbers.

CONVERSION OF BINARY NUMBERS

BINARY – DECIMAL NUMBER

Always remember to start left.

1. 1012

1 0 1
22 21 20
4 2 1

We will only focus on the binary digit 1 then we add. So, we have 4 and 1 then
4 + 1 = 5.

Therefore 1012 = 5
2. 10102 = 10

1 0 1 0
23 22 21 20
8 4 2 1

8 + 2 = 10
3. 10101112 = 87 4. 11110112 = 123

1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

128 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 2 = 174 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 =24

Try this!

1. 1011001112 = 359 3. 101001112 = 167

2. 10000112 = 67 4. 101001012 = 165

How about if the given example of binary number is fraction;

5. 10101. 1012 = 21.625

1 0 1 0 1 . 1 0 1
24 23 22 21 20 . 2−1 2−2 2−3

Like we did, we will focus on the number containing 1.

24 + 22 + 20 + 2−1 + 2−3
1 1
16 + 4 + 1 + +
2 8
16 + 4 + 1 + 0.5 + 0.125
21.625
You don’t need to round off your answer into two decimal places

6. 10111. 101012 = 23.640625

1 0 1 1 1 . 1 0 1 0 1
24 23 22 21 20 . 2−1 2−2 2−3 2−4 2−5

24 + 22 + 21 + 20 + 2−1 + 2−3 + 2−5

1 1 1
16 + 4 + 2 + 1 + + +
2 8 64
16 + 4 + 2 + 1 + 0.5 + 0.125 + 0.015625
23.640625

Try This!
1. 111001. 1101 = 57.8125 3. 10111. 01001 = 23.265625
2. 110111.0110 = 55.375 4. 101001. 10001 = 41.515625
DECIMAL – BINARY

In converting decimal into a binary number, we have two methods that we can
use one is using the subtraction method and the other one is by means of successive
division.

Using Subtraction Method

1. 58 –

You’re going to list the powers of 2.

64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Then we don’t need to go further because 64 exceed 58. So, you will look for the
highest base 2 number that is less than 58 which is 32.
So, we’re going to start in 32.
64 32 16 8 4 2 1

58 32 + 16 + 8 + 2

58 – 32 = 26 (Then you are going to look for another highest base 2 number less
than 26)
26 – 16 = 10
10 – 8 = 2
2-2=0

Then add those four numbers will give the sum of 58. Once you have that
you can start writing the binary numbers. You’re going write 1 on the numbers used
to have 58 as sum and for those number that we didn’t use we put 0.

64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 1 0 1 0

Therefore 58 in binary number is 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟐 .

2. 101
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

101 – 64 = 37 5–4=1
37 – 32 = 5 1–1=0

64+32+4+1 = 101

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 1 0 1
101 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐

Try This!

1. 208 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐
2. 156 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟐
Using Successive Division

Using this method, you need to divide your given number by two (2).
Let’s try the example we use above

1. 58 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟐
58 ÷ 2 = 29 R 0
29 ÷ 2 = 14 R 1
14 ÷ 2 = 7 R 0
7÷2=3 R 1
3÷2=1 R 1
1÷2 =0 R 1

When we write it into binary, you will start from bottom to top. Then
don’t forget to write subscript of 2.
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟐

2. 101 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐

101 ÷ 2 = 50 R 1
50 ÷ 2 = 25 R 0
25 ÷ 2 = 12 R 1
12 ÷ 2 = 6 R 0
6 ÷2= 3 R 0
3÷2 = 1 R 1
1÷2 = 0 R 1
𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐

What if, if the given example is like this:

121.625

First you need to disregard the number on right side, you will focus first on the
left side we do the same process.
121 ÷ 2 = 60 R 1
60 ÷ 2 = 30 R 0
30 ÷ 2 = 15 R 0
15 ÷ 2 = 7 R 1
7 ÷ 2 = 3 R 1
3 ÷ 2 = 1 R 1
1 ÷ 2 = 0 R 1

How about on the number on right side you’re just going to multiply it by 2

until you reach the 1.0?

 You put the whole number on the right side because it will become
your binary number

.625 x 2 = 1 .25 1
.25 x 2 = 0. 50 0
.50 x 2 = 1.0 1
When writing this binary number, you start from top to bottom. So, we have
101.
Therefore 121.625 is equal to 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐

Try this!
1. 150.78125 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐

2. 220.578125 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐

Check the link below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsxT4FfRBaM&t=44s
ACTIVITY 1:
Convert the following:
I. binary numbers to decimal numbers
1. 11112
2. 100012
3. 1010002
4. 10000102
5. 110110102
6. 11010101.10112
7. 10000011.011012
8. 111101.101112
II. decimal numbers to binary numbers
9. 52
10. 256
11. 169
12. 75
13. 106
14. 86.09375
15. 154.5078125

ACTIVITY 2:
Convert the following:
I. binary numbers to decimal numbers
1. 11000102
2. 1111001112
3. 100000000002
4. 100001002
5. 110111102
6. 10110101.1011112
7. 1000011.010112
8. 11101.101012

II. Decimal numbers to binary

9. 257
10. 369
11. 170
12. 78
13. 108
14. 88.26953125
15. 159.876953125
 BINARY OPERATIONS

ADDITION

When adding two binary numbers, there is a basic rule to consider when
performing the operation:

0+0=0
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 0, then you need to carry 1
1
1 1
1 1
10 2

1 + 1 + 1 = 1, then you need to carry 1

1
1 1
1 1
1 1
11 3

Now to check if your answer is correct, you can convert it into a decimal
number.

Checking
E1.
1 1 1
+ 1 0 0 10 18
1 0 1 11 23
1 0 1 0 01 41
32 16 8 4 2 1

E2.
1
1 0 0 1 0 18
+ 1 0 1 0 1 21
1 0 0 1 1 1 39
32 16 8 4 2 1
NOTE:

You can check the link below for you to easily understand the topic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5F6orbqZigI&list=RDCMUCEWpbFLzoYGPfuWU
MFPSaoA&start_radio=1&t=520

SUBTRACTION

Like on the addition, there are rules we need to consider when performing the
given operation.

0-0=0
1-0=1
1-1=0
0 – 1 = 1, it will give you a negative answer, but if there is a number before that you
need to borrow.

For Example
0 10
1 0 2
1 1
0 1 1

Examples

For checking like we did on the Addition, we are going to convert the given
binary numbers into a decimal number.

ES.1
10
0 0 10
− 10 11 01 1 1
0 0
1
1
55
25
0 1 1 1 1 0 30
32 16 8 4 2 1
ES.3
1 1
0 10 10 10 0 10 0 10
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 277
− 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 234
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 43
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

NOTE:
You can check the link below for you to easily understand the topic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHf0Eg9ZhGQ&t=16s

MULTIPLICATION

When performing this operation, it is necessary that you really understand the
concept of adding binary numbers, because we are going to apply the rules in the
addition of binary numbers.

In this operation like we did in normal multiplication that 𝟏 × 𝟏 = 𝟏 and 𝟏 × 𝟎 =

𝟎.

Examples

EM.1
10110
× 101
10110
APPLYING THE RULES OF ADDING
+ 0 0 000
BINARY NUMBERS
10110
1101110

EM.2
× 1 11 11 01 10 11
111011
000000 APPLYING THE RULES OF ADDING
+ 111011 BINARY NUMBERS
111011
111011
11010101111
CHECKING

EM.1
10110 22
× 101 5
10110 110
+ 0 0 000
10110
1101110
64 32 16 8 4 2 1

NOTE:
You can check the link below for you to easily understand the topic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Va_UvwJULcI&t=19s

DIVISION

In this operation we are going to apply the rule of subtraction. It is the same on
how we divide decimal numbers. Remember that if the dividend is greater than
divisor we use 1 as our quotient, but if the divisor is greater than dividend we use
0 as our quotient.

QUOTIENT
DIVISOR DIVIDEND

REMAINDER

Example

ED.1

1 0 0 0 1 1 ÷ 1 1 =?

Dividend Divisor

0 1 1 0 r. 1 6 r. 1
1110011 3 19
−0 18
100 1
− 11
− 11 11
0 1 - remainder
NOTE:
You can check the link below for you to easily understand the topic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubCCemtuZH8&t=16s

Activity 1:
Perform the indicated operation: 10. 1011102 11010112
1. 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 12
+ 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 12

2. 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 12
+ 1 1 0 1 0 1 12
+ 1 1 0 1 12

3. 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 12
- 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 12

4. 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 12
- 1 1 1 1 1 0 12

5. 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 02
- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 02

6. 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 12
x 1 1 0 0 12

7. 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 02
x 1 1 1 02

8. 1 0 0 1 1 1 12
x 1112

9. 110112 1111010102
Activity 2:
Perform the indicated operation:

1. 1011010112
1011111112

.2. 1011111112
1011110012
. 1111111012

3. 1011111112
1011110012

4. 10110112
10101112

5. 1011000112
11010112

6. 10111000012
110111112

7. 1000112
10112

8. 10110112
10112

.9. 11011 1101110101

.10. 1111 110011110101