Quiz 1 DCN
Quiz 1 DCN
Quiz 1 DCN
(Karachi Campus)
Department of Software Engineering
QUIZ#01 – Fall 2020
Q1: What are the main functionalities of following layers in TCP/IP network model? [CLO 1]
Layer1: Physical Layer
It manages, those functions that are essential to carry bit streams over a physical
Medium.
In TCP/IP, the physical layer is the lowest level of suite of protocols.
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Q2: Write down the propagation modes of fiber optics. Describe each of them. [CLO 1]
Propagation Modes of Fiber-Optics:
1. Multimode: Multiple beams from a source of light can travel through various paths through
the core.
The Stage Index:
Sudden modification in light beam movement.
Causes signal attenuation and distortion.
Graded Index:
Seamless modification in light beam movement.
Reduces attenuation and distortion.
2. Single Mode: Beam propagation is nearly horizontal
Q3: Describe network topologies in your answer? [CLO 1]
Network topology is basically the geometric representation of the relationships of all links and linking devices to
one another. The four basic network topologies are:
1. Star Topology
2. Bus Topology
3. Ring Topology
4. Mesh Topology
In star topology, every device has dedicated point-to-point link to a central controller. One link and one I/O is
required at each device.
Advantages: less expensive and less resources required than mesh, easy fault isolation.
Disadvantage: if the central controller is down, the whole network will be affected.
In bus topology, there is a multipoint connection where nodes are connected to bus cable by drop lines and taps.
Advantages: easy to install, less resources than star.
Disadvantages: Difficult to locate faulty line in cases of breakdown and Any break stops all
transmission.
Applications: traditional LANs, i.e. less popular nowadays.
In ring topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point connection with only the two devices on either side
of it.
Advantage: Easy to install, can easily add up another connection.
In mesh topology, a host is connected to one or multiple hosts. This topology has hosts in point-to-point
connection with every other host or may also have hosts which are in point-to-point connection to few hosts
only.
Advantages: reliable, secure, robust, easy fault isolation.
Disadvantages: costly, installation efforts.
Apart from the above topologies, we have a Hybrid Topology too, which is a combination of star and bus
topology.