Computer Systems Servicing

Module 5 and 6
Week 5 and 6:
Installing Applications

Name: _______________________ Date: ________________

Grade Level/ Tracks: ___________ Teacher: ______________________

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 Introduction

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature
of Computer Systems Servicing NC-II. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The
module is divided into five lessons, namely:

The module is composed of one lesson with the following contents:

1. Installation of applications software with different variations
2. Software updates
3. Disk management software
4. Antivirus / diagnostic software
5. Drivers/Software update procedures
PRE TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. This is a pretest in installing
applications. If you get 100% in this assessment, you can proceed to the next
module.
1. What software is designed to let the OS talk to hardware?
A. Application B. Patch C. Virtual D. Driver
2. What is an error of an application if the original programming was done
incorrectly?
A. Human error B. Computer error C. RAM error D. All of the above
3. Microsoft Excel is an example of software.
A. Word Processing B. Spreadsheet C. Presentation D. Reference
4. Which of the following is true of locally installed software?
A. It is streamed to your device whenever you use it.
B. It is hosted in the cloud.
C. It is installed and runs directly on your device.
D. It is automatically updated.
5. Which of the following an anti-virus software does not do?
A. Delete your files and emails C. Scan your computer
B. Delete malware D. Warn you about dangers
6. Why should you register your software whenever you install it?
A. To ensure you receive notification of available updates.
B. To ensure that you receive marketing materials from the software vendor.
C. All users are required by law to register any and all installed software.
D. To ensure that you can get a free version of the next major update.

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7. Why does software need a license?
A. This is how it is bought and sold.
B. To protect the intellectual property of its creator/s.
C. To make it more difficult to buy.
D. So that it doesn‘t break privacy laws.
8. When thinking of software compatibility, which factor matters most?
A. If the software will work with other software on the computer.
B. If the software will work with the operating systems.
C. If the minimum hardware requirements are met.
D. If the software comes with automatic updates.
9. Ryhian Phoebe opens her software applications and get a message stating
that she has only 16 more uses of the product available. Given this scenario,
what is the best course of action in order to use it more than 16 additional
times?
A. Activate the software C. Register the software
B. Uninstall and reinstall the software D. Not close the application anymore
10. You have just purchased licensed software and want to install it. How would
you do this?
A. Enter your name and contact information C. Change the product key
B. Choose the serial number of your processor D. None of the abov
11. Zhi purchase a single – user software license for an application and
installs it on his desktop. Then he installs it on his laptop computer.
In this scenario, which of the following statement is true?
A. John can use the application on both computers at the same time.
B. John can use the application on both computers but only one at a time.
C. John can use the application on only one of the computers.
D. John can share the application with his friends to install on their
computers.
12. You are to install a word processing, spreadsheets, and presentation
software in your computer? How do we call these applications?
A. Collaborative software C. Utility software
B. Productivity software D. Operating system add –
ins
13. What do you need to do before you can download or install apps from
the Windows store?
A. Sign in with a Microsoft Account C. Update your operating system
B. Open an outlook.com email account D. Create an account on the
window
14. Zhia Martha wants to play the game that comes with
windows on her computer, but they are not on the Start
Menu. What should she do?
A. Install the games from Control Panel.
B. Install the games from Windows Update.
C. Install the games from System Update.
D. Delete and reinstall the Windows.

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 15. You just installed an antivirus program on your laptop, by this
scenario in which you want to maintain proper levels of security,
how often should you update the software?
A. At least once a month C. At least twice a year
B. At least once a week D. Only when a new virus is discovered

Installing Application
Installation or setup of a computer program (including device drivers and plugins), is the act of
making the program ready for execution. The installation refers to the particular configuration of
software or hardware with a view to making it usable with the computer.
Installing application sets up various files in specific places that it would otherwise needs to do
each time it runs. It installs information into your registry, creates space for temporary and other
files, and configures things like your security software etc. It also helps your computer to keep
track of the programs you have.

Review
Now, let‘s have a review about our past lesson about installing operating system. This activity will
surely enhance your learned skills in the previous module and be able to connect and use it to this
new lesson. You are to complete the following word puzzle by looking at the clues provided. Use
a separate sheet in answering this activity.

1. While running DOS on a PC, which command would be used to duplicate the
entire diskette?

D K Y

2. What is the system program that sets up an executable program in main

memory?

O P E

3. An input device which allows a user to transmit letters, numbers, and

symbols.

Y O D

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 4. What does a microphone transmit to a computer?

S D

5. The main circuit board that everything inside the computer attaches to

O R D

6. is a pointing and input device that allows the user to move a cursor around screen
and selects items with the click of a button

M E

7. What is called the starting up on operating system?

B T G

8. The operating system is the most common type of__________ software.

S T M

9. The process to start or restart the computer is known as _______

B T

10. What is the most important type of system software in a computer system?

O R I Y M

After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre - assessment test, you might have
ideas of what you will be dealing with in this module. Now prepare to set yourself by answering
the self-assessment guide below. Write your answer on a piece of paper.

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Now, let‘s assess what you already know and what you have to learn. Here is a self- assessment
guide used by all specializations for the trainees to assess themselves in their prior knowledge and
competencies, and also to know where to begin and what to focus on. Put a check on the
appropriate area to indicate your answer. Use a separate sheet of paper

QUALIFICATION TITLE Computer Systems Servicing NC-II

COMPETENCY Installing Application

Can I… Yes No
install software application through operating system instruction?
configure computer to accept new software or upgrade?
carry out testing and acceptance according to organizational
guidelines?

install portable application according to software user guide and

software license?

access and install OS and Drivers updates/patches based on

manufacturer‘s instruction and OS installation procedure?

check quality of work according to established procedures?

access and install software updates based on manufacturer‘s
recommendations and requirements?

follow the 5S and 3R according to environment policies?

conduct stress test to ensure reliability of equipment?
agree to undertake this lesson in the knowledge that information gathered will only be used for
professional development purposes and can only be accessed by
concerned personnel of this institution?
Name & Signature: Date:

NOTE:* Critical aspect of competency

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How do you feel after answering the self - assessment guide?
What skills or knowledge will you need to prepare for this module?
Do you think you‘re ready for the next module? Explain your answer.

Let‘s now proceed to the new competency! Turn the page to explore the new world of installing
application software.

There are tens of thousands of software programs that are developed since the day inception
of the internet. How to install a software program/application is a question that most of the users
known as the development in the field is rapid. The installation of program is not a big deal at all.
It all depends upon the fact that which OS is being used. On the other, hand the user should also
consider the program that is being installed. 1
Now, let‘s explore this module for you to be able to gain new knowledge and skills.

1. Installation of Application Software with Different Various Computer software is

basically programs and procedures intended to perform specific tasks on a system. From
the lowest level assembly language to the high- level languages, there are different types
of application software. Computer software systems are classified into three major types
namely system software, programming and application software.

While system software comprises device drivers, OS, servers, and software
components, programming software helps in writing programs through tools such
as editors, linkers, debuggers, compilers/interpreters and ore. Application
software, in contrast to these two, is used for attaining specific tasks. Application
software uses the capacity of a computer directly for specific tasks and are used
to manipulate text, graphics and numbers.

Some computer programs can be executed by simply copying them into a

folder stored on a computer and executing them. Other programs are supplied in
a form unsuitable for immediate execution and therefore need an installation
procedure. Once installed, the program can be executed again and again, without
the need to reinstall before each execution.

Common operations performed during software installations include:

1. Making sure that necessary system requirements are met
2. Checking for existing versions of the software
3. Creating or updating program files and folders
4. Adding configuration data such as configuration files,
Windows registry entries or environment variables
5. Making the software accessible to the user, for
instance by creating links, shortcuts or bookmarks
6. Configuring components that run
automatically, such as daemons or Windows

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 services
7. Performing product activation
8. Updating the software versions
9. These operations may require some charges or be free of
charge. In case of payment, installation costs mean the costs
connected and relevant to or incurred as a result of installing
the drivers or the equipment in the customers' premises.

Some installers may attempt to trick users into installing junkware such as various forms of adware,
toolbars, trialware, or software of partnering companies. To prevent this, extra caution on what
exactly is being asked to be installed is needed. The installation of additional software then can
simply be skipped or unchecked (this may require the user to use the "custom", "detailed" or
"expert" version of the installation procedure)

1. Types of Installation

1.1 Attended installation

On Windows systems, this is the most common form of installation. An installation process usually
needs a user who attends it to make choices, such as accepting or declining an end-user license
agreement (EULA), specifying preferences such as the installation location, supplying passwords
or assisting in product activation. In graphical environments, installers that offer a wizard-based
interface are common. Attended installers may ask users to help mitigate the errors. For instance, if the
disk in which the computer program is being installed was full, the installer may ask the user to specify
another target path or clear enough space in the disk. A common misconception is unarchivation, which
is not considered an installation action because it does not include user choices, such as accepting or
declining EULA. 3

1.2 Silent installation

Installation that does not display messages or windows during its progress. "Silent installation" is
not the same as "unattended installation" (see below): All silent installations are unattended but
not all unattended installations are silent. The reason behind a silent installation may be
convenience or subterfuge. Malware is almost always installed silently.

1.3 Unattended installation

Installation that is performed without user interaction during its progress or with no user present
at all. One of the reasons to use this approach is to automate the installation of a large number of
systems. An unattended installation either does not require the user to supply anything or has
received all necessary input prior to the start of installation. Such input may be in the form of
command line switches or an answer file, a file that contains all the necessary parameters.
Windows XP and most Linux distributions are examples of operating systems that can be installed
with an answer file. In unattended installation, it is assumed that there is no user to help mitigate

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errors. For instance, if the installation medium was faulty, the installer should fail the installation,
as there is no user to fix the fault or replace the medium. Unattended installers may record errors
in a computer log for later review.
1.4 Headless installation
Installation performed without using a computer monitor connected. In attended forms of headless
installation, another machine connects to the target machine (for instance, via a local area network)
and takes over the display output. Since a headless installation does not need a user at the location
of the target computer, unattended headless installers may be used to install a program on multiple
machines at the same time.

1.5 Scheduled or automated installation

An installation process that runs on a preset time or when a predefined condition transpires, as
opposed to an installation process that starts explicitly on a user's command. For instance, a
system administrator willing to install a later version of a computer program that is being used can
schedule that installation to occur when that program is not running. An operating system may
automatically install a device driver for a device that the user connects. Malware may also be
installed automatically.

1.6 Clean installation

A clean installation is one that is done in the absence of any interfering elements such as old
versions of the computer program being installed or leftovers from a previous installation. In
particular, the clean installation of an operating system is an installation in which the target disk
partition is erased before installation. Since the interfering elements are absent, a clean installation
may succeed where an unclean installation may fail or may take significantly longer.

1.7 Network installation

Not to be confused with network booting. Network installation, shortened reinstall, is an
installation of a program from a shared network resource that may be done by installing a minimal
system before proceeding to download further packages over the network. This may simply be a
copy of the original media but software publishers which offer site licenses for institutional
customers may provide a version intended for installation over a network.

2. What are the standard software applications installed on my

computer?

The following is a list of the standard software applications

installed on your computer:
a. Windows Computers:
1. Microsoft Windows 7 Operating System
2. 7-Zip
3. Adobe Acrobat Professional
4. Adobe Reader
5. Google Chrome
6. Microsoft Internet Explorer
7. Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)

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 8. Microsoft Windows Media Player
9. Media Player Classic
10. PuTTY
11. Sophos AntiVirus

3. Installing software on your Windows PC

Your computer allows you to do some really amazing things. Digital photo editing, sophisticated
computer gaming, video streaming—all of these things are possible because of different types of
software. Developers are always creating new software applications, which allow you to do even
more with your computer.

3.1 installing from a CD-ROM

From the mid-1990s through the late 2000s, the most common way to get new software was to
purchase a CD-ROM. You could then insert the disc, and the computer would walk you through
the installation.
Now, almost all software has moved away from this model. Many new computers no longer
include a CD-ROM for this reason. However, if you do need to install software from a CD-ROM,
simply insert the disc into your computer, then follow the instructions.

3.2 Installing software from the Web

Today, the most common way to get new software is to download it from the Internet. Applications
like Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop can now be purchased and downloaded right to your
computer. You can also install free software this way. For example, if you wanted to install the
Google Chrome web browser, you can visit its page and click the Download button.
The installation file will be saved to your computer in .exe format. Pronounced dot e-x-e, this is
the standard extension for installation files on Windows computers. You can follow the steps
below to install an application from an .exe file.

a. Locate and download an .exe file.

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 b. Locate and double-click the .exe file.
(It will usually be in your Downloads folder.)

c. A dialog box will appear. Follow the instructions to install the software

d. The software will be installed. You can now open the application from
the Start menu (Windows 7) or the Start Screen (Windows 8)

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 4. Installing software from the Web

Today, the most common way to get new software is to download it from the Internet. Applications
like Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop can now be purchased and downloaded right to your
computer. You can also install free software this way. For example, if you wanted to install the
Google Chrome web browser.

The installation file will usually be saved to your computer in the .dmg format. Pronounced dot d-
m-g, this is the standard extension for installation files on Mac computers. You can follow the
steps below to install an application from a .dmg file.

a. Locate and download a .dmg file.

b. Locate and select the .dmg file. (It will usually be

in your Downloads folder.)

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c.A dialog box will appear. Click and drag the icon to your
Applications folder.

b. The application is now installed. You can

double-click the icon to open the program.

c. On the desktop, there will probably be a disk drive icon with

the name of the application. This is known as a volume, and
it is not needed after the application has been installed. You
can simply drag it into the Trash on the dock. Some
applications will use the .pkg extension instead of .dmg—in
this case, you can simply follow the instructions to install the
software.

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 5. Installing Microsoft Office to Windows 7

Microsoft office or simple office, is a family of client software, server software and services
developed by Microsoft. It was first announced by Bill Gates on August 1, 1998 at Comdex in Las
Vegas. Initially a marketing term for an office suite, the first version of the office contained
Microsoft word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft PowerPoint. Over the years, office applications
have grown substantially closer with shared features such as common spell checker, OLE data
integration and Visual Basic of Applications script language.
Now, let‘s find out how to install Microsoft office to windows 7.

A. Open the 2016 file

B. Double-click the folder 2016

C. Double-click the setup file

D. Allow changes Click Yes

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 E. Accept the terms

Check the box next to I accept the terms of this agreement

Click Continue

F. Install Now

Click Install Now to download all products in the Suite (recommended)

Click Customize to choose which products to download

G. Wait for the Installer

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1

Note: this may take several times

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 H. Close the Installer

Click Close

I. Open the License.txt File

Open the License file Copy the serial number

J. Open any Microsoft Product

This example will use Word.

J.1 Open Other Documents

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 Click Open other Documents

J.2 Open Account

Click Account

J.3 Activate Microsoft Office

Click Change Product Key

J.4 Paste Serial Number

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 Paste the serial number. If it is right, a green check mark will

appear. Click Install

Success!
You have successfully installed Microsoft Office 2016 on Windows 7

6. How to Install an Antivirus

Viruses and malware can cripple your computer and destroy your files.
Antivirus programs are designed to find and intercept viruses before they
do any harm. An antivirus program is essential on a Windows PC, and
can be very useful for Mac and Linux users as well.

a. Understand the need for an antivirus program. Windows is the

most virus-prone operating system (OS) out of the three major
OS‘s. It has the most users and the weakest built-in security.
Antivirus programs will defend your computer from malware that
comes through email, flash drives, downloads, websites and more.
b. Acquire an antivirus program. There are several popular free
options available that do a good job of protecting the average user.
These programs are updated frequently with new virus definitions
that recognize the latest threats.
B.1 If you frequently deal with files or websites that
are virus-infected, you may want to opt for more
powerful paid protection. Paid antivirus programs
are typically available for a yearly subscription fee.

B.2 When downloading free or paid antivirus

programs, ensure that you are downloading from a
trusted source. There are many programs out there
that claim to be antivirus/antimalware but instead
install malware themselves. Read reviews and
download products from companies that have been
around for a long time.

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B.3 Windows 10 and 8 have Windows Defender, which is a free anti- malware
application provided by Microsoft. It's already built-in.

c. Install the antivirus program. Make sure that no other

programs are running while you install the antivirus. You
will most likely need to be connected to the internet to
download additional files and updates.

C.1 Some free antivirus programs come packaged with

toolbars for your web browser. These can add protection but
also change your search options and bog down older
computers. You have the opportunity to opt out of these

changes during the installation process.

Update the program. After the installation is complete,
reboot your computer and update the program. The file
that you downloaded is likely not the most up to date
version, so you will need to connect to your antivirus
program‘s servers and download the latest updates. Most
antivirus programs allow you to right-click on the icon in
the System Tray while it is running and click Update.

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 D.1 Update your definitions on a weekly basis. Most
antivirus programs are set to automatically update. Double
check the settings for your program to ensure that you are
receiving the necessary updates.

e.Scan your computer. Once you have the program

installed and updated, it‘s time to scan your computer. This
could take several hours, depending on the number of files
being scanned and your computer‘s speed.

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 d. Set a scan schedule. Antivirus programs are most
effective when they are automated. Open your
antivirus program‘s settings and look for the Schedule
option. Try to schedule a time when your computer will
be on but you won‘t be using it. Ideally you should be
scanning once a week; scan more frequently if you deal
with potentially infected files on a regular basis.

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e. Keep Windows updated. The best way to keep your

computer protected is to always make sure that your
copy of Windows is up to date. Microsoft releases
security updates for Windows on a regular basis, fixing
exploitable areas of Windows.

d. Keep Windows updated. The best way to keep your

computer protected is to always make sure that your copy
of Windows is up to date. Microsoft releases security
updates for Windows on a regular basis, fixing exploitable
areas of Windows.

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2. Software Updates
Anyone who uses software of any kind has encountered prompts to
update or upgrade that software. Software updates and upgrades may
sound alike, but there are important differences that you should
understand.

Software update, which is sometimes called a software patch, is a free

download for an application, operating system, or software suite that
provides fixes for features that aren't working as intended or adds minor
software enhancements and compatibility.

An update is generally an enhancement to the current version of the

software or application, while an upgrade is a whole new version of it.
Updates are usually free and simple to install. Often, you must pay for
upgrades, and they're more complicated to install.
Before you install any update or upgrade, back up your device. Read
the information issued with the update and upgrade announcements to
make sure your computer or mobile device and its operating system are
compatible and won't suffer any repercussions.

Software updates are released to address security issues when they

occur, address minor bugs discovered in the software, improve the
operation of hardware or peripherals, and to add support for new models
of equipment. These small, incremental updates improve the operation
of your software.
A common operating system update is a security update, which is
issued to protect your computer against vulnerabilities that might
be exploited by hackers and viruses. It is wise to install security
updates when they are released to ensure your system is as protected as
possible against constantly changing threats. 4

1. Software Updates Aren't Limited to Computers

The operating system and apps that run on your phone and tablet,
the smartwatch on your wrist, and the peripheral that live streams
video to your TV all use software that occasionally needs to be
updated. In most cases, unless you have chosen a setting that
allows automatic updates, the device
notifies you when a software update is available and gives you
some information on why the update is important. Then, you
decide whether to allow the update to go forward. The vast majority
of software updates are applied over the internet, so an internet
connection is often a requirement.

In the case of smartphones and tablets, software takes the form of

apps. When an updated version of an app is available, you're
notified either by message or by a visual indicator on the app icon.

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 App updates are almost always no-cost and occur over a Wi-Fi
connection after you give your permission.

Operating system updates for smartphone and tablets are usually

made through the devices' settings. In some cases, the mobile
device must be connected to a power outlet during the installation
of an operating system update, because the process takes much
longer than an app download.

If you subscribe to an internet application or a suite of apps, such

as Microsoft 365, software updates—and upgrades—may take
place under the hood. You may not even realize the software has
been updated. This is because the internet applications may not
need to place a software update on your computer or device to work
properly. In other cases, such as with Adobe Creative Cloud, you
are notified when an update is available for the applications you
previously downloaded, and you choose when to apply the update.

2. The Importance of Software Updates

Although they are typically small and free, software updates
play important roles often related to solving or preventing a
problem:
a. Protect against new-found security risks
b. Introduce new features in your software
c. Improve battery depletion rate or performance speed
d. Extend your equipment's usable life by allowing its
maximum productivity
e. Fix bugs in the software and improve functionality

3. Software Upgrades
A software upgrade is a new version of the software that offers a
significant change or major improvement over your current version.
In many cases, a software upgrade requires the purchase of the new
version of the software, sometimes at a discounted price if you own
an older version of the software.

If you bought your software recently and an upgrade is released soon

after that, some software companies offer the upgrade to the latest
version for free. Be sure to register the software when you install it
so you know if you qualify for these types of deals. 5
4. Understanding Software Version Numbers
All software applications have version numbers associated with them.
This number helps track iterations of the software, including updates
and upgrades. It is represented as a series of numbers separated by
periods.

The leftmost number in a software's version number represents major

upgrades to the software. For example, going from version 1.0 to 2.0
in software is a major upgrade. These upgrades may also have version

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 names associated with them such as Windows 10 or OS X Mavericks.

The rightmost number in a software's version number generally

represents minor updates. Going from version 3.0.2 to 3.0.3 is
usually a small change and is usually delivered as a free update.

5. Operating System Upgrades

Operating system (OS) upgrades are large and have significant
effects on your computer. These upgrades can make important
changes to your system in functionality, user interface, and general
appearance over the previous version.

Examples of operating system upgrades include upgrading from

Windows 7 to Windows 8 or Windows 10, or on Macs, to upgrading
from OS 9 to OS X or macOS.

Software manufacturers usually offer free software updates for their

products to make them compatible with new versions of operating
systems. However, these updates may not be immediately available

when the new OS software is released.6

3. Antivirus Software
Antivirus software is a program or set of programs that are designed to
prevent, search for, detect, and remove software viruses, and other malicious
software like worms, trojans, adware, and more. Anti-virus software is a
diagnostic tool that is generally included with many operating system
software packages. The licenses for the anti-virus software might be for one
user or assigned to as many as 40 or more users at one time. When computers
are melded together on a company network, the threat for computer viruses to
spread among numerous computers is incredible. To protect visitors to
websites, many companies install anti-virus software on the network servers.

1. How antivirus software works?

Antivirus software typically runs as a background process, scanning

computers, servers or mobile devices to detect and restrict the spread of
malware. Many antivirus software programs include real-time threat detection
and protection to guard against potential vulnerabilities as they happen, as

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well as system scans that monitor device and system files looking for possible
risks.

2. Antivirus software usually performs these basic functions:

2.1 Scanning directories or specific files for known malicious
patterns indicating the presence of malicious software;
2.2 Allowing users to schedule scans so they run automatically;
2.3 Allowing users to initiate new scans at any time; and
2.4 Removing any malicious software it detects. Some antivirus
software programs do this automatically in the background, while
others notify users of infections and ask them if they want to clean
the files.

In order to scan systems comprehensively, antivirus software must

generally be given privileged access to the entire system. This
makes antivirus software itself a common target for attackers, and
researchers have discovered remote code execution and other
serious vulnerabilities in antivirus software products in recent
years.

3. Types of antivirus programs

Antivirus software is distributed in a number of forms, including stand-

alone antivirus scanners and internet security suites that offer antivirus
protection, along with firewalls, privacy controls and other security
protections. Some antivirus software vendors offer basic versions of
their products at no charge. These free versions generally offer basic
antivirus and spyware protection, but more advanced features and
protections are usually available only to paying customers.

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 4. Virus detection techniques

Antivirus software uses a variety of virus detection techniques. Originally,

antivirus software depended on signature-based detection to flag malicious
software. Antivirus programs depend on stored virus signatures -- unique
strings of data that are characteristic of known malware. The antivirus
software uses these signatures to identify when it encounters viruses that have
already been identified and analyzed by security experts.

4. Diagnostic Software

A diagnostic program (also known as a Test Mode) is an automatic

computer program sequence that determines the operational status within the
software, hardware, or any combination thereof in a component, a system, or a
network of systems. Diagnostic programs ideally provide the user with guidance
regarding any issues or problems found during its operation.
Diagnostics programs may be simple or complex, operating unknowingly
within everyday devices or awaiting their invocation to make more complex
performance assessments. Everyday examples are a microwave oven that displays

code F6 to warn of a shorted temperature probe or a garage door opener

that flashes its control board's LED four times warning of critically
misaligned safety sensors and impending shutdown.

1. Methods of operation
The diagnostics program for a device or system may be
independently located or integrated within. These Methods of
Operation are arranged, more-or-less, in order of increasing
complexity and their increasing value of diagnostics information.
a. Background monitoring of system indicators, for
statistical analysis of trends, and for recording abnormal
events.
b. Solution-based diagnostics, that test for known failure
modes by identifying if their known symptoms are
detected.
c. Black box, which is testing of a mechanism without
knowing how it works, and merely focusing on the
accuracy of output data based on a known input.

26
 d. White box, which uses knowledge of a mechanism's inner
functions for direct testing.
e. Operation-oriented, a combination of both black and
white box, with one or more black-box operations
interleaved with one or more white-box operations. This
mode of testing is not preferred, however, some complex
systems do not have the necessary interfaces to perform
one or the other type independently.
f. Integrated background diagnostics, that perform testing
of system components during idle-time of a system.
g. Operation-interleaved diagnostics, that incorporate
diagnostics into the normal operation of a system
component, thus any marginal operating mode is
immediately diagnosed. Examples of hardware
components with features that assist a diagnostic
program are:
Modern hard drives have Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) commands that
provide information about internal error conditions, e.g., spin retry counts, bad sector counts, etc.

Some systems may use Error Correcting Code (ECC) memory that logs memory failure
events that were automatically corrected.
2. Example diagnostics program
a. A BIOS embedded Power-on self-test (POST) program that validates
integrity of the system's hardware components before commencing
normal operation
b. Diagnostics that are run on-demand when a user needs assistance,
typically within the primary operating system of the computer
(e.g.Windows)
c. "Off-line diagnostics" that are run outside the primary operating
system, typically to reduce the masking influence of software on
hardware issues
d. Household refrigerators that display diagnostics of their internal
temperature, ice machine functionality, etc.
e. The 1996 Onboard Diagnostics II system (OBD II) that standardized
the diagnostics port across all models of cars and light trucks
allowing vehicle owners and repair technicians access to the vehicle's
error code and emissions history.
f. Personal computer users have diagnostics options from both software
and hardware sources, e.g., Hewlett-Packard's (HP's) diagnostics
guide for confirming hardware failures.
g. Industrial production test equipment that diagnoses electronic
devices or systems.
h. When an electronic device such as a Bop It says its version number
such as "one point three six" and starts playing through a set of
sounds one after the other.

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 6. Device/Drivers
A device driver is a small piece of software that tells the operating system and
other software how to communicate with a piece of hardware.

For example, printer drivers tell the operating system, and by extension
whatever program you have the thing you want to print open in, exactly how
to print information on the page

Sound card drivers are necessary so your operating system knows exactly how
to translate the 1s and 0s that comprise that MP3 file into audio signals that
the sound card can output to your headphones or speakers.
The same general idea applies to video cards, keyboards, monitors, mice, disc
drives, etc
1. Types of Device Drivers
Device drivers are small computer programs that allow operating
systems to read pieces of hardware connected to your computer. There
are countless kinds of device drivers for dozens of different pieces of
computer hardware. However, for a computer to have basic
functionality there are a few select drivers that all computers must have.
1.1 BIOS
BIOS (basic input/output system) is, by definition, the most basic computer driver in existence
and is designed to be the first program that boots when a PC turns on. The BIOS is stored on
memory built into the motherboard and is designed to boot the hardware connected to the PC,
including the hard drives, video display output (whether it be video card or on-board), keyboard
and mouse.

1.2 Motherboard Drivers

Motherboard drivers are small programs that are read by either Windows or Linux and allow for
basic computer functions while inside the operating system. These drivers normally include
programs that allow broadband ports, USB ports and I/O ports for the mouse and keyboard.
Depending on the make of the motherboard, the drivers may also have basic drivers for video and audio
support. BIOS are not the same as motherboard drivers.

1.3 Hardware Drivers

Hardware drivers are programs that are designed to allow pieces of computer hardware, such as
expansion slots, to function on a computer. Video cards, sound cards, network cards and other
expansion cards come with driver discs to ease the installation process of the hardware. Other
devices, like certain kinds of digital cameras and MP3 players, have PC drivers programmed into
their software for easy use on most makes of personal computers.

1.4Virtual Device Drivers

Virtual device drivers are different than most drivers. Unlike the majority of drivers, which allow
pieces of hardware to work with a particular operating system, virtual device drivers emulate a

28
piece of hardware and essentially trick the computer into thinking that it is reading from a piece
of actual hardware. A particularly popular use for virtual device drivers is with reading .iso files
without having an actual disc, using one of these drivers to emulate a CD or DVD drive.

2. What devices need drivers?

Hardware devices that are unknown by the operating system or that
have features that are unknown by the operating system all require
drivers. Below is a list of hardware devices and peripherals that
require drivers.
2.1 Card reader
2.2 Controller
2.3 Modem
2.4 Motherboard chipset
2.5 Network card
2.6 Printer
2.7 Scanner
2.8 Sound card
2.9 Tape drive
2.10 USB devices
2.11 Video card

3. What devices may not need drivers

Today's operating systems have a lot of generic drivers that allow
hardware to work at a basic level without needing drivers or
software. However, if that device has features unknown to the
operating system, it will not work without drivers. For example, you
could plug any keyboard into a computer and expect it to work.
However, if that keyboard has any special keys or features, they will
not work until the drivers are installed.
3.1 CPU
3.2 Disc drive
3.3 Fan
3.4 Hard drive
3.5 Heat sink
3.6 Joystick
3.7 Keyboard
3.8 Mouse
3.9 Monitor
3.10 Power supply
3.11 RAM
3.12 Speakers

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 3.13 Thumb drive
3.14 UPS

7. Drivers/Software Procedures
1. How to update software application?
If you don‘t know how to perform software updates, you won‘t benefit from application
improvements, bug fixes, and new security defenses (including virus and malware attacks).
Follow these instructions and get the new software versions online. These steps show how to
manually update applications, but you can set up your computer to automatically update.
Step 1. Check the File and Help menus for update instructions.
You should be able to find the software version number also
on the Help menu.
Step 2. Choose Start→Programs→All Programs.
Step 3. Look for the install directory of an application you
want to update. Look for an update program option.
Step 4. Point your Internet browser to the software
manufacturer‘s Web site and look for update instructions.
Step 5. Download a newer version than the version you‘re running.
Step 6. Install according to the software directions.
Step 7. Run diagnostics and use a defragmentation utility,
which differs depending on your operating system:
Windows Vista or
Windows 7: Step 1.
Choose Start→Control
Panel. Step 2. Click
System and Security.
Step 3. Choose Defragment Your Hard Drive in the
Administrative Tools section.

Step 4. Choose the drive you want to defragment.

Step 5. Click Defragment Disk.

2. Application Software License Agreement

A software license agreement is the legal contract between the licensor and/or author and the
purchaser of a piece of software which establishes the purchaser's rights. A software license
agreement details how and when the software can be used, and provides any restrictions that are
imposed on the software. A software license agreement also defines and protects the rights of the

30
parties involved in a clear and concise manner. Most of software license agreements are in digital
form and are not presented to the purchaser until the purchase is complete. A free software license
agreement gives the purchaser the rights to modify and redistribute the software and related
components, while a proprietary software license agreement forbids this.

Software companies also make special license agreements and warranties for large business and
government entities that may be different from those provided to the general consumer.

3. Stress – Testing Procedures

STRESS TESTING is a type of Software Testing that verifies the stability & reliability of the
system. This test mainly measures the system on its robustness and error handling capabilities
under extremely heavy load conditions.

Stress Testing is done to make sure that the system would not crash under crunch situations. It
even tests beyond the normal operating point and evaluates how the system works under those
extreme conditions.
a. Types of Stress Testing:
There are five types of stress testing, which test different
aspects of a software or an application. These stress testing
types ensure that the software does not crash due to insufficient
resources by emphasizing the availability and error handling
under heavy loads. The various types of stress testing are:

1. Distributed Stress Testing: During this type of stress

testing, the tests are executed across all clients from the
server to track their status as well as to identify
failures due to excessive stress.
2. Application Stress Testing: The focus of this testing is on
finding defects in the software that are related to data
locking and blocking, network issues, and performance
bottlenecks.

3. Transactional Stress Testing: Transactional testing does

stress testing on one or more transactions between various
software products or applications. Its main aim is to fine-
tune and to optimize the system to improve its
performance.
4. Systematic Stress Testing: An integrated stress testing,
systematic stress testing, is used to test multiple systems
running on the same server. It enables the testing team to
detect defects where data of one software blocks another
software.
5. Exploratory Stress Testing: It is used to test the system
with unusual conditions that are unlikely to occur in a real
scenario. These stress tested scenarios allow the team to

31
 detect various undetected issues and bugs in the system.
4. Stress Testing Process:
During stress testing, testers measure various aspects of the software, by
putting it under different user load. This allows them to measure the
frequency of the system crashes and the software‘s ability to resist denial
of service (DOS) attacks. However, to ensure the accuracy of the test
results and the system‘s performance, it is crucial for the team to
implement the correct testing methodology. Therefore, here is the process
of stress testing:

a. Identify Test Objectives: The testing team defines the objective

of stress testing and prepare an execution plan accordingly.
Moreover, they also prepare resources, like tools, testers, etc.
b. Establishing Important Scenarios: Here, the team establishes
the key scenarios for stress testing that play a major role in the
success of the product.
c. Workload Identification: Another important stage of the
process, here, the team defines the workload that will be applied
to the software to test its threshold limit.
d. Design Test Cases: During this stage of the process, the team
designs and creates test cases based on the testing requirements.
e. Load Creating: After the completion of earlier stages, the load
is simulated on the software to test its performance
under unpredictable load.
f. Result Analysis: Finally, the captured test data is
analyzed and compared against the accepted level of
metrics, defined by the team earlier.

8. 5s and 3Rs Environmental Policies

Environmental Policy is the commitment of an organization or government of the laws,
regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning environmental issues. In computer systems
servicing, we have the what we called 5s and 3Rs environmental policies. Now, let‘s have a short
discussion dealing with these

Independent Activity 1. Fill Me Out

Now, are you ready for the next level? Here is an activity for you to test your
knowledge in the above discussion about Installing Application. First, we have to
do an activity about Installation of Application Software with different kinds and
uses. Can you list down at least Six (5) common operations performed during
software installations.
1.
2.
3.
4.

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 5.

These steps in software installations don‘t vary even if you are installing different
software in your computer system. Don‘t be confused in the GUI of every
software you intend to install. As long as you keep these 5 common operations in
mind, you have a long way to go!

Independent Assessment 1. Correct IT If I’m Wrong

After listing down the common operations performed during software

installations, do you think you can go to the next assessment? Let‘s see how far
you can go by answering the following evaluation in installing application
software in your computer system, read each statement and identify if the
statement is true or false. Write True if statement is correct but Wrong if statement
is incorrect.
1. Seiketsu encompasses both personal and environmental cleanliness.
2. Anti-virus software is a diagnostic tool that is generally included with
many operating system software packages
3. A diagnostic software is a small piece of software that tells the operating
system and other software how to communicate with a piece of
hardware.
4. Installing application sets up various files in specific places that it would
otherwise need to do each time it ran.

5. Silent installation that is performed without user interaction during its

progress or with no user present at all.
6. Applications like Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop can now be
purchased and downloaded right to your computer.
7. An installation is a new version of the software that offers a significant
change or major improvement over your current version.
8. The main benefit of virtualization software is that it permits you to
augment your server infrastructure without you having to buy another
hardware devices.
9. Mini tool is a disk management tool which not only supports Windows
but also is compatible with Mac.
10. Installation of application allowing users to schedule scans so they
run automatically

These are the common terms you might encounter in installing applications. I‘m

33
 glad that you did very well in this assessment let‘s move on to the next activity.
Independent Activity 2. Follow and Answer IT!
Hooray! After carefully answer the assessment given by your teacher, let‘s have
another activity that you‘ll surely enjoy. This activity will teach you how to install
anti – virus program on a computer. Just follow the easy steps below. After
following the easy steps in installing anti – virus program on a computer, kindly
answer the following questions that will help you to deepen your thoughts and
skills in dealing with the said competency, thus, it will help you provide a wider
knowledge in assessing yourself and mastery of the content. You can ask your
teacher for a copy of antivirus software or you can download it in the internet.

Step 1 - If you purchased the antivirus program from a retail store, insert
the CD or DVD into the computer's disc drive. The installation process should
start automatically, with a window opening to help guide you through the install
process. Or you can simply click on the setup icon.
Guide Question – What antivirus program are you installing?
Step 2 - If you downloaded the antivirus program on the Internet, find the
downloaded file on your computer. If the downloaded file is a zip file, unzip the
file to extract and access the installation files. Look for a file
named setup.exe, install.exe, or something similar, then double-click that file.
The installation process should start, with a window opening to help guide you
through the install process.
Guide Question – What features should you look for in an antivirus program?
Step 3 - In the installation process window, follow the steps provided to install
the antivirus program. The install process provides recommended options so the
antivirus program will function properly, which in most cases can be accepted as
is. The one exception is if the install process recommends that you also install
any toolbars for Internet browsers or other helpful programs for your computer.
If prompted to install other software along with the antivirus program, uncheck
all boxes or decline the install of those extra programs. No additional programs
should

be needed for the antivirus program to install and run successfully

on your computer.
Guide Question – What do you think is the best antivirus to use?
Does the free antivirus program offer adequate protection?

Step 4 - When the installation process is complete, close out of the

install window. Guide Question – Is it safe to use a computer or other
device without having an antivirus or other security program installed?

34
 Step 5 - If used, remove the CD or DVD from the computer's disc drive.
Guide Question – What is an anti-virus? How do you know if your chosen
anti- virus is safe and effective?

After doing this activity, you may install and uninstall the application once or twice to master the
competency on your own. And try to do it on your own on the second

Independent Assessment 2. Match IT! And You will Identify Me

How was the activity above? Master the installation procedure and then
you are now ready to this new assessment. Let‘s try another assessment
that will help you to understand better this module. Match the column
A to Column B.
A.

1. ____ is a type of Software

Testing that verifies the stability & reliability of the system
2. One of the 5s in environmental policies that refers to the act of throwing away all unwanted,
unnecessary, and unrelated materials in the workplace.
3. The interacts directly with the physical server's CPU and disk space.
4. A is a new version of the software that offers a significant change or major improvement over
your current version.
5. ______ is basically programs and procedures intended to perform specific tasks on a
system.

B.
A. Seiri

B. Stress Testing

C. Software Upgrade

D. Hypervisor

E. Computer Software

F. Anti - virus

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Independent Activity 3. Arrange IT!
After mastering the installation procedures in the above activities, let us now
move to how to access disk management in windows 7. Rearrange the following
procedures in their proper order based on the discussion in the previous pages of
this module. Use numbers to indicate their order of precedence. Let‘s try this one!
1. Click on Manage
2. The Disk Management window will be displayed showing all the
drives detected by Windows.
3. Click on start and right - click computer
4. A window titled Computer Management will open displaying two
panes, click on Disk Management.
5. Disk Management access finish.

Did your knowledge and skills increase with regards to installation of

applications? You have taught to install variation of application standards in the
previous activities. Now is another assessment for you.

Independent Assessment 3. Essay Time!

After knowing the procedures in installation. Let us now assess your knowledge.
Answer the essential questions below according to your experience in installing
applications. Use a separate sheet in answering.
You will be graded using the rubrics below. You can have a highest possible score
of 40 points for this assessment. Try your best to get 80% in this activity, this will
be the passing rate. The following questions will help you remember and assess
your understanding in installing application. This will deepen your thoughts and
skills in dealing with the said competency. Thus, will help you provide a wider
knowledge in assessing yourself and mastery of the content.
1. How does system software interact with application software?
2. Describe the learning aids available in many software applications.
3. How to view which programs are installed on a computer?
4. How to install and update a computer driver? Explain your answer.
5. How do I locate software or drivers for my computer? Specify

36
 Indicators Excellent Good Fair Score
10 8 6

Ideas and What you are What you are You put
Content writing about writing about thought into
is clear and is clear and this, but there
well- well- is no real
expressed, expressed, evidence of
including including learning. More
specific specific specific
examples to examples to information is
demonstrate demonstrate needed or you
what you what you need to follow
learned. Well learned. Well the directions
done! done! more closely.

Sentence Sentences are Sentences are Some

Fluency complete and complete and sentences are
they connect able to be complete and
to one another understood. easy to
easily when understand.
they are read Others require
out loud. Your some work.
writing 'flows.

Conventions No Use of Mistakes

punctuation punctuation using end
or structural marks and marks or
mistakes. No capitals, as capitals as
spelling well as well as
errors. Your spelling, is spelling
writing shows mostly mistakes
full awareness correct. Few make the
of the rules of errors exist in writing hard
English use. your answer. to read.

TOTAL

Have you had trouble in answering the above activity? Well, of course
not! Because you are now equipped with the needed skills. If not yet sure,
you can always go back to the discussion part and review what you‘ve
missed.

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 Overview

Installing application is the particular configuration of a software or

hardware with a view in making it usable with the computer. It‘s also the software
program that writes the necessary data for running the program on your hard
drive. Software updates, which are typically downloaded from the internet, work
in the same way. Installing software is usually a simple process. It involves double
clicking an installer icon and clicking ―I Agree‖ when the license agreement pops
up.
In this module, I learn things such as:
1. Checking of existing versions of the software.
2. Making sure that necessary system requirements are met.
3. Updating software version.
4. Different anti – virus
5. Desk management procedures
6. How to update application software
7. The importance of license agreement and what are the uses and
functions of 5s and 3Rs in the environmental policies.

A Lab in progress. Perform and use one of the installing applications presented
in this lesson but not limited to the three (3) programs which have been stated in
the previous pages. You can use other diagnostic programs which can be
downloaded over the internet or if not possible, your teacher will provide you
with applications to install. You will be rated using the following rubrics. You
can have the highest possible score of 40 for this assessment. Try your best to get
80% in this activity, this will be the passing rate.

Performance / Excellent Good Fair Score

Output Indicator 10 7 5
Program execution Program was Program was Program was
executed executed with a executed but
correctly with minor (easily with major
no errors fixed error) error
Correct output Program Output has Output has

38
 displays correct minor errors multiple
output with no errors
errors
Craftsmanship Demonstration He or she will He or she
of new insights indicate does not
and working knowledge of demonstrate
methods, and some new new insights
some historic insights and and working
knowledge of working methods and
the uses and methods and has
development of some historic insufficient
the medium knowledge of historic
chosen are the uses and knowledge of
essential. development of the uses and
the medium development
chosen. of the medium
chosen
Interpretation/ The student The student The student
Analysis demonstrated demonstrated a demonstrated
an excellent solid an
understanding understanding understanding
of the of the at the
application. application beginning
level.

TOTAL

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What are the types of software which is designed for users to customize the
program.?
A. Freeware B. Open – source software C. Shareware D.
Macros
2. Your boss calls you on the phone while he is trying to install a printer. He is
telling that he needs a product key. Where should you tell him to look for it?
A. On the screen in the options menu
B. In the Windows updates
C. On the internet
D. In an email from the manufacturer
3. What software is designed to let the OS talk to hardware?

39
 A. Application B. Driver C. Patch D. Virtual
4. Word processing, spreadsheets, and presentation software are
examples of what?
A. Productivity software C. Collaboration software
B. Utility software D. Operating system add - ins
5. Where can you find the activation key of an installed application?
A. On the package installation cd
B. On the screen in the options menu
C. In the windows updates
D. On the internet
6. When thinking of software compatibility, which factor matters most?
A. If the software will work with other software on the computer.
B. If the minimum hardware requirements are met.
C. If the software will worth the operating systems.
D. If the software comes with automatic updates.
7. Ryan receives an email from an unknown user with a file
attachment in it that has an .exe extension. What should Ryan do
with his file?
A. Delete the email
B. Double click the file to open
C. Save the file to his desktop and then open it
D. Right click the file to identify its product key and install it
8. Why are viruses made?
A. People think they eat your lunch
B. People like viruses
C. People want to steal others information
D. People like to made virus
9. Viruses can cause one of the following actions to your computer. What is it?
A. Delays in computer function C. Save data
B. Manage your files D. Turn on the computer
10. Computer viruses can destroy a computer‘s memory and
application programs. How do viruses spread?
A. They travel through CPU C. They fly
B. They travel to email D. They found in driver
11. Where would you go to enable virtualization support on a PC?
A. Control Panel>System and Security>System>Enable Virtualization
B. All settings>System>Storage>Enable Virtualization
C. All Settings>Devices>Connected devices>Enable Virtualization
D. UEFI>Advances>System Options>Enable Virtualization
12. Ryhian Phoebe opens her software applications and get a message
stating that she has only 16 more uses of the product available.
Given this scenario, what is the best course of action in order to
use it more than 16 additional times?
C. Activate the software C. Register the software
D. Uninstall and reinstall the software D. Not close the application
anymore

40
13. Zhi purchase a single – user software license for an application and
installs it on his desktop. Then, he installs it on his laptop computer.
In this scenario, which of the following statements is true?
A. John can use the application on both computers at the same time.
B. John can use the application on both computers but only one at a time.
C. John can use the application on only one of the computers.
D. John can share the application with his friends to install on their
computers.
14. Zhia Martha wants to play the game that comes with
Windows on her computer, but they are not on the Start
Menu. What should she do?
A. Install the games from Control Panel.
B. Install the games from Windows Update.
C. Install the games from System Update.
D. Delete and reinstall the Windows.
15. just installed an application program on your laptop, by this scenario
in which you want to maintain proper levels of security, how often
should you update the application?
C. At least once a month C. At least twice a year
D. At least once a week D. Only when a new virus is discovered

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