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Joe Biden
Official portrait, 2013
President-elect of the United States
Assuming office
January 20, 2021
Vice President Kamala Harris (elect)
Succeeding Donald Trump
47th Vice President of the United States
In office
January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017
President Barack Obama
Preceded by Dick Cheney
Succeeded by Mike Pence
United States Senator

from Delaware
In office
Preceded by J. Caleb Boggs
Succeeded by Ted Kaufman
Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
In office
Preceded by Richard Lugar
Succeeded by John Kerry
In office
June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003
Preceded by Jesse Helms
Succeeded by Richard Lugar
In office
Preceded by Jesse Helms
Succeeded by Jesse Helms
Chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus
In office
Preceded by Chuck Grassley
Succeeded by Dianne Feinstein
Chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee
In office
Preceded by Strom Thurmond
Succeeded by Orrin Hatch
Member of the New Castle County Council from the 4th district
In office
November 4, 1970 – November 8, 1972
Preceded by Henry Folsom

Succeeded by Francis Swift
Personal details
Born Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.
November 20, 1942 (age 77)
Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Neilia Hunter
Spouse(s)
(m. 1966; died 1972)
Jill Jacobs
(m. 1977)
Children Beau
Hunter
Naomi
Ashley
Joseph Robinette Biden Sr.

Parents
Catherine Eugenia Finnegan
Relatives Family of Joe Biden
University of Delaware (BA)
Education
Syracuse University (JD)
Occupation Politician
lawyer
author
Awards Presidential Medal of Freedom with distinction
(2017)
Signature
Campaign website
Website
Transition website
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (/ˈbaɪdən/ BY-dən; born November 20, 1942) is an

American politician and the president-elect of the United States. Having defeated
incumbent Donald Trump in the 2020 United States presidential election, he will
be inaugurated as the 46th president on January 20, 2021. A member of the Democratic
Party, Biden served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 and a United States
senator for Delaware from 1973 to 2009.
Raised in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and New Castle County, Delaware, Biden studied at
the University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University in
1968. He was elected a New Castle County Councillor in 1970, and became the sixth-
youngest senator in American history when he was elected to the U.S. Senate from
Delaware in 1972, at the age of 29. Biden was a longtime member of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee, and eventually its chairman. He opposed the Gulf War in
1991, but supported expanding the NATO alliance into Eastern Europe and its
intervention in the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. He supported the resolution authorizing
the Iraq War in 2002, but opposed the surge of U.S. troops in 2007. He also chaired
the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1995, dealing with drug policy, crime
prevention, and civil liberties issues; led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and
Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act; and oversaw six U.S.
Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert
Bork and Clarence Thomas. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential
nomination in 1988 and again in 2008.
Biden was reelected to the Senate six times, and was the fourth-most senior
senator when he resigned to serve as Barack Obama's vice president after they won
the 2008 presidential election; Obama and Biden were reelected in 2012. As vice
president, Biden oversaw infrastructure spending in 2009 to counteract the Great
Recession. His negotiations with congressional Republicans helped pass legislation
including the 2010 Tax Relief Act, which resolved a taxation deadlock; the Budget
Control Act of 2011, which resolved a debt ceiling crisis; and the American Taxpayer
Relief Act of 2012, which addressed the impending "fiscal cliff". He also led efforts to
pass the United States–Russia New START treaty, supported military intervention in
Libya, and helped formulate U.S. policy toward Iraq through the withdrawal of U.S.
troops in 2011. Following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, he led the Gun
Violence Task Force. In January 2017, Obama awarded Biden the Presidential Medal of
Freedom with distinction.
In April 2019, Biden announced his candidacy in the 2020 presidential election, and he
reached the delegate threshold needed to secure the Democratic nomination in June
2020.[1] On August 11, he announced U.S. Senator Kamala Harris of California as his
running mate. Biden defeated Trump in the November 3 election. [2][3] He is the second
non-incumbent vice president to be elected president, after Richard Nixon in 1968.[4][5][6]
Contents
 1Early life (1942–1965)
 2First marriage, law school, and early career (1966–1972)
o 2.11972 U.S. Senate campaign
o 2.2Death of wife and daughter
 3United States Senate (1973–2009)
o 3.1Second marriage
o 3.2Early Senate activities
o 3.3Opposition to busing
o 3.41988 presidential campaign
o 3.5Brain surgeries
o 3.6Senate Judiciary Committee
o 3.7Senate Foreign Relations Committee
o 3.8Other
o 3.9Reputation
o 3.102008 presidential campaign
 42008 vice-presidential campaign
 5Vice president (2009–2017)
o 5.1Reelection
o 5.2Second term (2013–2017)
o 5.3Role in the 2016 presidential campaign
 6Post-vice presidency (2017–2021)
o 6.1Comments on Donald Trump
 72020 presidential campaign
o 7.1Speculation and announcement
o 7.2Campaign
o 7.3Allegations of inappropriate physical contact
 8President-elect of the United States
 9Political positions
 10Distinctions
 11Electoral history
 12Writings by Biden
 13Notes
 14References
o 14.1Citations
o 14.2Books
 15External links
o 15.1Official
o 15.2Other
Early life (1942–1965)

See also: Family of Joe Biden
Biden at age 10 (1953)
This article is part of

a series about
Joe Biden
 Political positions
 Electoral history
 Early life
 Early career
 Family
U.S. Senator from Delaware
 Tenure
 Senate Judiciary Committee

o Supreme Court hearings
 Robert Bork
 Clarence Thomas
o 1994 Crime Bill
o Violence Against Women Act
 Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Vice President of the United States
 Transition
 Tenure
 Obama administration
 Economic policy
o Great Recession response
o 2010 Tax Relief Act
o 2011 debt-ceiling crisis response
o Fiscal cliff response
 Foreign policy
 Task forces
o Gun Violence
o Women and Girls

o Protect Students from Sexual Assault
 Transition
 Inauguration
 First 100 days
 Cabinet
 Presidency
 COVID-19 Advisory Board
show
Presidential campaigns
show
Vice presidential campaigns
Published works
 Promises to Keep
 Promise Me, Dad
 v
 t
 e
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born November 20, 1942, at St. Mary's Hospital
in Scranton, Pennsylvania,[7]:5 to Catherine Eugenia "Jean" Biden (née Finnegan) and
Joseph Robinette Biden Sr.[8][9] The oldest child in a Catholic family, he has a
sister, Valerie, and two brothers, Francis and James.[7]:9 Jean was of Irish descent,[10][11]
[7]:8
while Joseph Sr. had English, French, and Irish ancestry.[12][7]:8
Biden's father was initially wealthy but had suffered several financial setbacks by the
time Biden was born; for several years the family lived with Biden's maternal
grandparents.[13] Scranton fell into economic decline during the 1950s and Biden's father
could not find steady work.[14] Beginning in 1953, the family lived for several years in an
apartment in Claymont, Delaware, then moved to a house in Wilmington, Delaware.
[13]
Joe Biden Sr. later became a successful used car salesman, maintaining the family a
middle-class lifestyle.[13][14][15]
At the Archmere Academy in Claymont,[7]:27, 32 Biden was a standout halfback and wide
receiver on the high school football team;[13][16] he also played baseball.[13] A poor student
but a natural leader, he was class president in his junior and senior years.[7]:40–41[17]:99 He
graduated in 1961.[7]:40–41
At the University of Delaware in Newark, Biden briefly played freshman football[18][19] and
earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965 with a double major in history and political
science, and a minor in English.[20][17]:98 He had a C average and was ranked 506th in his
class of 688.[21][22]
Biden has a stutter, which has improved since his early twenties.[23] He says he has
reduced it by reciting poetry before a mirror,[17]:99[24] but it has been suggested that it
affected his performance in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential debates.[25]
First marriage, law school, and early career (1966–1972)
Biden in the University of Delaware's 1965 yearbook

Results (by county) of the 1972 U.S. Senate election in Delaware
On August 27, 1966, Biden married Neilia Hunter (1942–1972), a student at Syracuse

University,[20] after overcoming her parents' reluctance for her to wed a Roman Catholic;
the ceremony was held in a Catholic church in Skaneateles, New York.[26] They had
three children: Joseph R. "Beau" Biden III (1969–2015), Robert Hunter Biden (born
1970), and Naomi Christina "Amy" Biden (1971–1972). [20]
In 1968, Biden earned a Juris Doctor from Syracuse University College of Law, ranked
76th in his class of 85,[21][22] and was admitted to the Delaware bar in 1969.[27] While in
school, he received student draft deferments,[28] and afterward was classified as
unavailable for military service due to asthma.[28][29]
In 1968, Biden clerked at a Wilmington law firm headed by prominent
local Republican William Prickett and, he later said, "thought of myself as a
Republican".[30][31] He disliked incumbent Democratic Delaware governor Charles L.
Terry's conservative racial politics and supported a more liberal Republican, Russell W.
Peterson, who defeated Terry in 1968.[30] Biden was recruited by local Republicans but
registered as an Independent because of his distaste for Republican presidential
candidate Richard Nixon.[30]
In 1969, Biden practiced law first as a public defender and then at a firm headed by a
locally active Democrat[32][30] who named him to the Democratic Forum, a group trying to
reform and revitalize the state party;[7]:86 Biden subsequently reregistered as a Democrat.
[30]
He and another attorney also formed a law firm.[32] Corporate law, however, did not
appeal to him, and criminal law did not pay well.[13] He supplemented his income by
managing properties.[33]
Later that year Biden was elected to a county council seat in a usually Republican
district of New Castle County, Delaware, running on a liberal platform that included
support for public housing in the suburbs.[32][34][32][7]:59 He served on the council, while still
practicing law, until 1972.[27][35] He opposed large highway projects that might disrupt
Wilmington neighborhoods.[7]:62
1972 U.S. Senate campaign
Main article: 1972 United States Senate election in Delaware
Biden in 1973
In 1972, Biden defeated Republican incumbent J. Caleb Boggs to become the junior
U.S. senator from Delaware. He was the only Democrat willing to challenge Boggs; [32] his
campaign had almost no money, and he was given no chance of winning. [13] Family
members managed and staffed the campaign, which relied on meeting voters face-to-
face and hand-distributing position papers,[36] an approach made feasible by Delaware's
small size.[33] He received some help from the AFL–CIO and Democratic pollster Patrick
Caddell.[32] His platform focused on withdrawal from Vietnam, the environment, civil
rights, mass transit, more equitable taxation, health care, and public dissatisfaction with
"politics as usual".[32][36] A few months before the election Biden trailed Boggs by almost
thirty percentage points,[32] but his energy, attractive young family, and ability to connect
with voters' emotions worked to his advantage, [15] and he won with 50.5 percent of the
vote.[36]
Death of wife and daughter
On December 18, 1972, Biden's wife Neilia and their one-year-old daughter Amy were
killed in an automobile accident in Hockessin, Delaware.[20] Biden's sons Beau and
Hunter respectively suffered a broken leg and a minor skull fracture, [7]:93, 98 but doctors
predicted they would recover fully.[7]:96 Biden considered resigning to care for them,
[15]
but Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield persuaded him not to.[37]
United States Senate (1973–2009)

Main article: United States Senate career of Joe Biden
Second marriage
Biden and his second wife, Jill, met in 1975 and married in 1977.
Biden was sworn in on January 5, 1973, by secretary of the Senate Francis R. Valeo at

the Delaware Division of the Wilmington Medical Center;[38][7]:93, 98 present were Beau
(whose leg was still in traction), Hunter, and other family. [38][7]:93, 98 At 30, he was the sixth-
youngest senator in U.S. history.[39][40]
To see his sons every day,[41] Biden commuted by train between his Delaware home and
Washington, D.C. — 90 minutes each way — and maintained this habit throughout his
36 years in the Senate.[15] But the accident had filled him with anger and religious doubt.
He wrote later that he "felt God had played a horrible trick" on him, [42] and he had trouble
focusing on work.[43][44]
Biden credits his second wife, teacher Jill Tracy Jacobs, with the renewal of his interest
in politics and life;[45] they met in 1975[46] and were married at the United Nations chapel in
New York on June 17, 1977.[47][48] They spent their honeymoon at Lake Balaton in
the Hungarian People's Republic, behind the Iron Curtain;[49][50] the destination was
chosen upon the recommendation of Hungarian-born Biden staffer Tom Lantos.[51] They
are Roman Catholics and attend Mass at St. Joseph's on the Brandywine in Greenville,
Delaware.[52] Their daughter Ashley Blazer (born 1981)[20] is a social worker.[53]
Beau Biden became an Army Judge Advocate serving in the Iraq War, and
later Delaware Attorney General;[54] he died of brain cancer in 2015. [55][56] Hunter Biden is a
Washington attorney and lobbyist.[57]
Early Senate activities
Biden with President Jimmy Carter.

Biden shaking hands with President Ronald Reagan, 1984.
During his early years in the Senate, Biden focused on consumer protection and
environmental issues and called for greater government accountability. [58] In a 1974
interview, he described himself as liberal on civil rights and liberties, senior citizens'
concerns and healthcare but conservative on other issues, including abortion and
the military conscription.[59]
Biden became ranking minority member of the Senate Judiciary Committee in 1981. In
1984, he was a Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of
the Comprehensive Crime Control Act; over time, the law's tough-on-crime provisions
became controversial and in 2019, Biden called his role in passing the bill a "big
mistake".[60][61] His supporters praised him for modifying some of the law's worst
provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment to that time. [62] He
gained notice for speeches he gave that year that simultaneously scolded and
encouraged Democrats.[63]:216
In 1993, Biden voted for a provision that deemed homosexuality incompatible with
military life, thereby banning gays from serving in the armed forces. [64][65][66] In 1996, he
voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibited the federal government from
recognizing same-sex marriages, thereby barring individuals in such marriages from
equal protection under federal law and allowing states to do the same; [67] in 2015, the act
was ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges.[68]
In his first decade in the Senate, Biden focused on arms control.[69][70] After Congress
failed to ratify the SALT II Treaty signed in 1979 by Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev and
President Jimmy Carter, Biden met with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko to
communicate American concerns, and secured changes that addressed the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee's objections. [71] When the Reagan administration wanted to
interpret the 1972 SALT I treaty loosely to allow development of the Strategic Defense
Initiative, Biden argued for strict adherence to the treaty. [69] He received considerable
attention when he excoriated Secretary of State George Shultz at a Senate hearing for
the Reagan administration's support of South Africa despite its continued policy
of apartheid.[30]
Opposition to busing
In the mid-1970s, Biden was one of the Senate's leading opponents of race-integration
busing. His Delaware constituents strongly opposed it, and such opposition nationwide
later led his party to mostly abandon school integration policies. [72]
In his first Senate campaign, Biden expressed support for busing to remedy de
jure segregation, as in the South, but opposed its use to remedy de facto segregation
arising from racial patterns of neighborhood residency, as in Delaware; he opposed a
proposed constitutional amendment banning busing entirely. [73] In May 1974, Biden voted
to table a proposal containing anti-busing and anti-desegregation clauses but later
voted for a modified version containing a qualification that it was not intended to weaken
the judiciary's power to enforce the 5th Amendment and 14th Amendment.[74]
Later, Biden was heckled when he told a meeting of Delaware parents that his position
on busing was evolving, emphasizing that busing in Delaware was in his opinion beyond
court restrictions.[further explanation needed][75] This, along with the prospect of a busing plan in
Wilmington, led Biden to align himself with anti-busing senators. [72] In 1975, he supported
a proposal that would have prevented the Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare from cutting federal funds to districts that refused to integrate; [76] he said busing
was a "bankrupt idea [violating] the cardinal rule of common sense" and that his
opposition would make it easier for other liberals to follow suit. [62] At the same time he
supported initiatives on housing, job opportunities and voting rights. [74]
Biden supported a measure[when?] forbidding the use of federal funds for transporting
students beyond the school closest to them. In 1977, he co-sponsored an amendment
closing loopholes in that measure, which President Carter signed into law in 1978. [77]
1988 presidential campaign
Main article: Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign
Biden in 1987
Biden formally declared his candidacy for the 1988 Democratic presidential

nomination on June 9, 1987.[78] He was considered a strong candidate because of his
moderate image, his speaking ability, his high profile as chair of the Senate Judiciary
Committee at the upcoming Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination hearings, and his
appeal to Baby Boomers; he would have been the second-youngest person elected
president, after John F. Kennedy.[30][79][17]:83 He raised more in the first quarter of 1987 than
any other candidate.[79][17]:83
By August his campaign's messaging had become confused due to staff rivalries, [17]:108–
109
and in September, he was accused of plagiarizing a speech by British Labour
Party leader Neil Kinnock.[80] Biden's speech had similar lines about being the first
person in his family to go to university. Biden had credited Kinnock with the formulation
on previous occasions,[81][82] but did not on two occasions in late August. [63]:230–232[82] Earlier
that year he had also used passages from a 1967 speech by Robert F. Kennedy (for
which his aides took blame) and a short phrase from John F. Kennedy's inaugural
address; two years earlier he had used a 1976 passage by Hubert Humphrey.[83] Biden
responded that politicians often borrow from one another without giving credit, and that
one of his rivals for the nomination, Jesse Jackson, had called him to point out that he
(Jackson) had used the same material by Humphrey that Biden had used. [15][84]
A few days later an incident in law school in which he drew text from a Fordham Law
Review article with inadequate citations was publicized.[84] Biden was required to repeat
the course and passed with high marks.[85] At Biden's request the Delaware Supreme
Court's Board of Professional Responsibility reviewed the incident and concluded that
he had violated no rules.[86]
He also made several false or exaggerated claims about his early life: that he had
earned three degrees in college, that he had attended law school on a full scholarship,
that he had graduated in the top half of his class, [87][88][87] and that he had marched in
the civil rights movement.[89] The limited amount of other news about the race amplified
these revelations[90] and on September 23, 1987, Biden withdrew from the race, saying
his candidacy had been overrun by "the exaggerated shadow" of his past mistakes. [91]
Brain surgeries
In February 1988, after several episodes of increasingly severe neck pain, Biden was
taken by ambulance to Walter Reed Army Medical Center for surgery to correct a
leaking intracranial berry aneurysm.[92][93] While recuperating he suffered a pulmonary
embolism, a serious complication.[93]
After a second aneurysm was surgically repaired in May, [93][94] Biden's recuperation kept
him away from the Senate for seven months. [95]
Senate Judiciary Committee
Biden spoke at the signing of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act in 1994.
Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. He chaired it

from 1987 to 1995 and was ranking minority member from 1981 to 1987 and from 1995
to 1997.
As chairman, Biden presided over two highly contentious U.S. Supreme
Court confirmation hearings.[15] When Robert Bork was nominated in 1988, Biden
reversed his approval‍—‌given in an interview the previous year‍—‌of a hypothetical Bork
nomination. Conservatives were angered,[96] but at the hearings' close Biden was praised
for his fairness, humor and courage.[96][97] Rejecting some Bork opponents' less
intellectually honest arguments,[15] Biden framed his objections to Bork in terms of the
conflict between Bork's strong originalism and the view that the U.S.
Constitution provides rights to liberty and privacy beyond those explicitly enumerated in
its text.[97] Bork's nomination was rejected in the committee by a 9–5 vote [97] and then in
the full Senate, 58–42.[98]
During Clarence Thomas's nomination hearings in 1991, Biden's questions on
constitutional issues were often convoluted to the point that Thomas sometimes lost
track of them,[99] and Thomas later wrote that Biden's questions had been akin to
"beanballs".[100] After the committee hearing closed, the public learned that Anita Hill,
a University of Oklahoma law school professor, had accused Thomas of making
unwelcome sexual comments when they had worked together.[101][102] Biden had known of
some of these charges, but had initially shared them only with the committee because
at the time Hill had been unwilling to testify. [15] The committee hearing was reopened and
Hill testified, but Biden did not permit testimony from other witnesses, such as a woman
who had made similar charges and experts on harassment; [103] Biden said he wanted to
preserve Thomas's privacy and the hearings' decency. [99][103] The full Senate confirmed
Thomas by a 52–48 vote, with Biden opposed. [15] Liberal legal advocates and women's
groups felt strongly that Biden had mishandled the hearings and not done enough to
support Hill.[103] Biden later sought out women to serve on the Judiciary Committee and
emphasized women's issues in the committee's legislative agenda. [15] In 2019, he told
Hill he regretted his treatment of her, but Hill said afterward she remained unsatisfied. [104]
Biden has helped craft many federal crime laws. He spearheaded the 1994 Crime Bill;
this included the Federal Assault Weapons Ban[105][106] and the Violence Against Women
Act,[107] which he has called his most significant legislation. [108]
Biden was critical of Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr during the 1990s Whitewater
controversy and Lewinsky scandal investigations, saying "it's going to be a cold day in
hell" before another independent counsel would be granted similar powers. [109] He voted
to acquit during the impeachment of President Clinton.[110]
As chairman of the International Narcotics Control Caucus, Biden wrote the laws that
created the U.S. "Drug Czar", who oversees and coordinates national drug control
policy. In 2003, he introduced the Reducing Americans' Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act. He
worked to control "date rape drugs" such as flunitrazepam, party drugs such
as ecstasy and ketamine, and commonly abused steroids such as androstenedione.[15]
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Biden accompanied President Clinton and other officials to Bosnia in December 1997.
Biden with Colin Powell and Jesse Helms in October 2001
Biden addresses the press after meeting with Prime Minister Ayad Allawi in Baghdad in 2004.
Biden was also a longtime member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He

became its ranking minority member in 1997, and chaired it from June 2001 to 2003
and 2007 to 2009.[111] His positions were generally liberal internationalist.[69][112] He
collaborated effectively with Republicans and sometimes went against elements of his
own party.[111][112] Biden was also co-chairman of the NATO Observer Group in the Senate.
[113]
During this time Biden met with at least 150 leaders from 60 countries and
international organizations.[114] At times he also chaired the committee's Subcommittee
on European Affairs.[69]
Biden voted against authorization for the Gulf War in 1991,[112] siding with 45 of the 55
Democratic senators; he said the U.S. was bearing almost all the burden in the anti-Iraq
coalition.[115]
Biden became interested in the Yugoslav Wars after hearing about Serbian abuses
during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991.[69] Once the Bosnian War broke out,
Biden was among the first to call for the "lift and strike" policy of lifting the arms
embargo, training Bosnian Muslims and supporting them with NATO air strikes, and
investigating war crimes.[69][111] The George H. W. Bush administration and Clinton
administration were both reluctant to implement the policy, fearing Balkan
entanglement.[69][112] In April 1993, Biden spent a week in the Balkans and held a tense
three-hour meeting with Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević.[116] Biden related that he had
told Milošević, "I think you're a damn war criminal and you should be tried as
one."[116] Biden wrote an amendment in 1992 to compel the Bush administration to arm
the Bosnians, but deferred in 1994 to a somewhat softer stance the Clinton
administration preferred, before signing on the following year to a stronger measure
sponsored by Bob Dole and Joe Lieberman.[116] The engagement led to a successful
NATO peacekeeping effort.[69] Biden has called his role in affecting Balkans policy in the
mid-1990s his "proudest moment in public life" related to foreign policy. [112]
In 1999, during the Kosovo War, Biden supported the 1999 NATO bombing of the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[69] He co-sponsored with John McCain the McCain-
Biden Kosovo Resolution, which called on President Clinton to use all necessary force,
including ground troops, to confront Milošević over Yugoslav actions toward ethnic
Albanians in Kosovo.[112][117]
Biden was a strong supporter of the 2001 war in Afghanistan, saying, "Whatever it
takes, we should do it."[118] As head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Biden
said in 2002 that Saddam Hussein was a threat to national security and there was no
option but to "eliminate" that threat. [119] In October 2002, he voted in favor of
the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, approving the U.S. invasion
of Iraq.[112] As chair of the committee, he assembled a series of witnesses to testify in
favor of the authorization. They gave testimony grossly misrepresenting the intent,
history and status of Saddam and his secular government, which was an avowed
enemy of al-Qaida, and touting Iraq's fictional possession of weapons of mass
destruction.[120]
Biden eventually became a critic of the war and viewed his vote and role as a "mistake",
but did not push for U.S. withdrawal.[112][116] He supported the appropriations to pay for the
occupation, but argued repeatedly that the war should be internationalized, that more
soldiers were needed, and that the Bush administration should "level with the American
people" about the cost and length of the conflict. [111][117] By late 2006, Biden's stance had
shifted considerably, and he opposed the troop surge of 2007,[112][116] saying
General David Petraeus was "dead, flat wrong" in believing the surge could work.
[121]
Biden instead advocated dividing Iraq into a loose federation of three ethnic states.
[122]
In November 2006, Biden and Leslie H. Gelb, president emeritus of the Council on
Foreign Relations, released a comprehensive strategy to end sectarian violence in Iraq.
[123]
Rather than continuing the present approach or withdrawing, the plan called for "a
third way": federalizing Iraq and giving Kurds, Shiites, and Sunnis "breathing room" in
their own regions.[7]:572–573 In September 2007, a non-binding resolution endorsing such a
scheme passed the Senate,[123] but the idea was unfamiliar, had no political constituency,
and failed to gain traction.[121] Iraq's political leadership denounced the resolution as de
facto partitioning of the country, and the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad issued a statement
distancing itself from it.[123]
In March 2004, Biden secured the brief release of Libyan democracy activist
and political prisoner Fathi Eljahmi, after meeting with leader Muammar
Gaddafi in Tripoli.[124][125] In May 2008, he sharply criticized President George W. Bush for
a speech to Israel's Knesset in which he compared some Democrats to Western leaders
who appeased Hitler before World War II; Biden called the speech "bullshit", "malarkey",
and "outrageous". He later apologized for his language. [126]
Other
Biden strongly supported increased Amtrak funding and rail security.[127]
Beginning in 1991,[until when?] Biden co-taught a seminar on constitutional law at Widener
University School of Law. The seminar often had a waiting list and Biden sometimes
flew back from overseas for the class.[128][129][130][131]
During the 2000s, Biden sponsored bankruptcy legislation sought by credit card issuers.
[15]
President Bill Clinton vetoed the bill in 2000, but it passed in 2005 as the Bankruptcy
Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act,[15] with Biden one of only 18 Democrats
to vote for it, while leading Democrats and consumer rights organizations opposed it.
[132]
MBNA, at the time the world's largest independent credit card issuer, hired Hunter
Biden during the years when Biden was a senator and was pushing for bankruptcy
reform legislation supported by the company, which became law and makes it more
difficult to acquire bankruptcy protection.[133]
Biden held up trade agreements with Russia when it stopped importing U.S. chickens.
The Sussex County, Delaware region is the nation's top chicken-producing area. [127]
Reputation
Official Senate photo, 2005
Elected to the Senate in 1972, Biden was reelected in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002,

and 2008, usually getting about 60% of the vote.[127] He was junior senator to William
Roth, who was first elected in 1970, until Roth was defeated in 2000. [134] As of 2018 he
was the 18th-longest-serving senator in U.S. history.[135]
Biden was consistently ranked one of the least wealthy members of the Senate, [136][137]
[138]
which he attributed to his having been elected young. [139] Feeling that less-wealthy
public officials may be tempted to accept contributions in exchange for political favors,
he proposed campaign finance reform measures during his first term.[62]
The political writer Howard Fineman has written, "Biden is not an academic, he's not a
theoretical thinker, he's a great street pol. He comes from a long line of working people
in Scranton—auto salesmen, car dealers, people who know how to make a sale. He has
that great Irish gift."[33] Political columnist David S. Broder wrote that Biden has grown
over time: "He responds to real people—that's been consistent throughout. And his
ability to understand himself and deal with other politicians has gotten much much
better."[33] James Traub has written, "Biden is the kind of fundamentally happy person
who can be as generous toward others as he is to himself." [121] In 2006, Delaware
newspaper columnist Harry F. Themal wrote that Biden "occupies the sensible center of
the Democratic Party".[140]
Biden has a reputation for loquacity; [141] he is a strong speaker and debater and an
effective guest on Sunday morning talk shows.[142] He often deviates from prepared
remarks[143] and sometimes "puts his foot in his mouth".[144][145][146][142] The New York
Times wrote that Biden's "weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much
anything".[145]
Biden campaigns at a house party in Creston, Iowa, July 2007.
Biden chose not to run for president in 1992 in part because he had voted against
authorizing the Gulf War,[127] and did not run in 2004 because, he said, he felt he had little
chance of winning and could best serve the country by remaining in the Senate. [147] In
January 2007, he declared his candidacy in the 2008 election.[148]
During his campaign, Biden focused on the Iraq War, his record as chairman of major
Senate committees, and his foreign-policy experience. Biden rejected speculation that
he might become Secretary of State,[149] focusing on only the presidency.[150] In mid-2007,
Biden stressed his foreign policy expertise compared to Obama's, saying of the latter, "I
think he can be ready, but right now I don't believe he is. The presidency is not
something that lends itself to on-the-job training." [151] Biden also said Obama was copying
some of his foreign policy ideas.[121] Biden was noted for his one-liners during the
campaign; in one debate he said of Republican candidate Rudy Giuliani: "There's only
three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and 9/11." [152] Overall,
Biden's debate performances were an effective mixture of humor and sharp and
surprisingly disciplined comments.[153]:336
Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to
gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Senator Hillary Clinton.
[154]
He never rose above single digits in national polls of the Democratic candidates. In
the first contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the Iowa caucuses, garnering
slightly less than one percent of the state delegates. [155] He withdrew from the race that
evening.[156]
Despite its lack of success, Biden's 2008 campaign raised his stature in the political
world.[153]:336 In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama.
Although they had served together on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, they
had not been close, with Biden resenting Obama's quick rise to political stardom [121]
[157]
and Obama viewing Biden as garrulous and patronizing. [153]:28, 337–338 Having gotten to
know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden's campaigning style and
appeal to working-class voters, and Biden said he became convinced Obama was "the
real deal".[157][153]:28, 337–338
2008 vice-presidential campaign

Main articles: Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign and 2008 Democratic Party
vice presidential candidate selection
Biden speaks at the August 23, 2008, vice presidential announcement in Springfield, Illinois.
Shortly after Biden withdrew from the presidential race, Obama privately told him he
was interested in finding an important place for Biden in his administration. [158] Biden
declined Obama's first request to vet him for the vice-presidential slot, fearing the vice
presidency would represent a loss in status and voice from his Senate position, but he
later changed his mind.[121][159] In a June 22, 2008 interview, Biden said that while he was
not actively seeking the vice-presidential nomination, he would accept it if offered. [160] In
early August, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility, [158] and
developed a strong personal rapport. [157] On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that
Biden would be his running mate.[161] The New York Times reported that the strategy
behind the choice reflected a desire to fill out the ticket with someone with foreign
policy and national security experience—and not to help the ticket win a swing state or
to emphasize Obama's "change" message.[162] Others pointed out Biden's appeal to
middle-class and blue-collar voters, as well as his willingness to aggressively challenge
Republican nominee John McCain in a way that Obama seemed uncomfortable doing at
times.[163][164] In accepting Obama's offer, Biden ruled out running for president again in
2016,[158] but his comments in later years seemed to back off that stance, as he did not
want to diminish his political power by appearing uninterested in advancement. [165][166]
[167]
Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 by voice vote at
the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver.[168]
After his nomination, the Catholic bishop of Scranton, Pennsylvania, barred Biden from
receiving Holy Communion there because of his support for abortion rights, [169] but Biden
continued to receive Communion at his Delaware parish. [170] Scranton became a
flashpoint in the competition for swing-state Catholic voters between the Democratic
campaign and liberal Catholic groups, who stressed that other social issues should be
considered as much as or more than abortion, and many bishops and conservative
Catholics, who maintained abortion was paramount. [171] Biden said he believed life begins
at conception but would not impose his religious views on others. [172] Bishop Saltarelli
had previously said of stances like Biden's, "No one today would accept this statement
from any public servant: 'I am personally opposed to human slavery and racism but will
not impose my personal conviction in the legislative arena.' Likewise, none of us should
accept this statement from any public servant: 'I am personally opposed to abortion but
will not impose my personal conviction in the legislative arena.'" [170]
Biden's vice-presidential campaigning gained little media visibility, as far greater press
attention was focused on the Republican running mate, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[145]
[173]
During one week in September 2008, for instance, the Pew Research
Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism found that Biden was included in only five
percent of coverage of the race, far less than the other three candidates on the tickets
received.[174] Biden nevertheless focused on campaigning in economically challenged
areas of swing states and trying to win over blue-collar Democrats, especially those who
had supported Hillary Clinton.[121][145] Biden attacked McCain heavily despite a long-
standing personal friendship.[nb 1] He said, "That guy I used to know, he's gone. It literally
saddens me."[145] As the financial crisis of 2007–2010 reached a peak with the liquidity
crisis of September 2008 and the proposed bailout of the United States financial
system became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted in favor of the
$700 billion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which went on to pass in
the Senate 74–25.[176]
On October 2, 2008, Biden participated in the vice-presidential debate with Palin
at Washington University in St. Louis. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded
many voters' expectations, Biden had won the debate overall. [7]:655–661 During the
campaign's final days, he focused on less populated, older, less well-off areas of
battleground states, especially Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, where polling indicated
he was popular and where Obama had not campaigned or performed well in the
Democratic primaries.[177][178][179] He also campaigned in some normally Republican states,
as well as in areas with large Catholic populations. [179]
Under instructions from the campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to
avoid offhand remarks, such as one about Obama's being tested by a foreign power
soon after taking office, which had attracted negative attention. [177][178] Privately, Biden's
remarks frustrated Obama. "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?" he
asked.[153]:411–414, 419 Obama campaign staffers referred to Biden blunders as "Joe bombs"
and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which in turn irked Biden.
[167]
Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden
apologized on a call to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership. [153]:411–414 Publicly,
Obama strategist David Axelrod said Biden's high popularity ratings had outweighed
any unexpected comments.[180] Nationally, Biden had a 60% favorability rating in a Pew
Research Center poll, compared to Palin's 44%.[177]
On November 4, 2008, Obama and Biden were elected with 53% of the popular vote
and 365 electoral votes to McCain–Palin's 173.[181][182][183]
Biden ran for reelection to his Senate seat as well as for vice president, [184] as permitted
by Delaware law.[127] On November 4, he was also reelected to the Senate, defeating
Republican Christine O'Donnell.[185] Having won both races, Biden made a point of
holding off his resignation from the Senate so he could be sworn in for his seventh term
on January 6, 2009.[186] He became the youngest senator ever to start a seventh full
term, and said, "In all my life, the greatest honor bestowed upon me has been serving
the people of Delaware as their United States senator." [186] Biden cast his last Senate
vote on January 15, supporting the release of the second $350 billion for the Troubled
Asset Relief Program,[187] and resigned from the Senate later that day.[nb 2] In an emotional
farewell, Biden told the Senate: "Every good thing I have seen happen here, every bold
step taken in the 36-plus years I have been here, came not from the application of
pressure by interest groups, but through the maturation of personal
relationships."[191] Delaware Governor Ruth Ann Minner appointed longtime Biden
adviser Ted Kaufman to fill Biden's vacated Senate seat.[192]
Vice president (2009–2017)
Biden was sworn into office by Associate Justice John Paul Stevens on January 20, 2009.
Biden said he intended to eliminate some of the explicit roles assumed by George W.
Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, and did not intend to emulate any previous vice
presidency.[193] He chaired Obama's transition team[194] and headed an initiative to improve
middle-class economic well-being.[195] In early January 2009, in his last act as chairman
of the Foreign Relations Committee, he visited the leaders of Iraq, Afghanistan
and Pakistan,[196] and on January 20 he was sworn in as the 47th vice president of the
United States[197]‍—‌the first vice president from Delaware[198] and the first Roman
Catholic vice president.[199][200]
Obama was soon comparing Biden to a basketball player "who does a bunch of things
that don't show up in the stat sheet".[201] In May, Biden visited Kosovo and affirmed the
US position that its "independence is irreversible". [202] Biden lost an internal debate to
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton about sending 21,000 new troops to Afghanistan,[203]
[204]
but his skepticism was valued,[159] and in 2009, Biden's views gained more influence
as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy. [205] Biden visited Iraq about every two
months,[121] becoming the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi
leadership about expected progress there. [159] More generally, overseeing Iraq policy
became Biden's responsibility: Obama was said to have said, "Joe, you do
Iraq."[206] Biden said Iraq "could be one of the great achievements of this administration".
[207]
His January 2010 visit to Iraq in the midst of turmoil over banned candidates from
the upcoming Iraqi parliamentary election resulted in 59 of the several hundred
candidates being reinstated by the Iraqi government two days later. [208] By 2012, Biden
had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit
of U.S. troops in 2011.[209][210]
Biden speaks to Navy SEAL trainees at NAB Coronado, California, May 2009.
President Obama congratulates Biden for his role in shaping the debt ceiling deal which led to the Budget
Control Act of 2011.
Biden, Obama and the national security team gathered in the White House Situation Room to monitor the
progress of the May 2011 mission to kill Osama bin Laden.
Biden was also in charge of overseeing infrastructure spending from the Obama

stimulus package intended to help counteract the ongoing recession, and stressed that
only worthy projects should get funding.[211] He talked with hundreds of governors,
mayors, and other local officials in this role.[209] During this period, Biden was satisfied
that no major instances of waste or corruption had occurred, [159] and when he completed
that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies
had been less than one percent.[212]
In late April 2009, Biden's off-message response to a question during the beginning of
the swine flu outbreak, that he would advise family members against traveling on
airplanes or subways, led to a swift retraction by the White House. [213] The remark
revived Biden's reputation for gaffes.[214][205][215] Confronted with rising unemployment
through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad
the economy was" but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many
more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up. [216] On March 23, 2010, a
microphone picked up Biden telling the president that his signing the Patient Protection
and Affordable Care Act was "a big fucking deal" during live national news telecasts.
White House press secretary Robert Gibbs replied on Twitter, "And yes Mr. Vice
President, you're right ..."[217] Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden
formed a friendship, partly based around Obama's daughter Sasha and Biden's
granddaughter Maisy, who attended Sidwell Friends School together.[167]
Members of the Obama administration said Biden's role in the White House was to be a
contrarian and force others to defend their positions. [218] Rahm Emanuel, White House
chief of staff, said that Biden helped counter groupthink.[201] White House press
secretary Jay Carney, Biden's former communications director, said Biden played the
role of "the bad guy in the Situation Room". [218] Another senior Obama advisor said Biden
"is always prepared to be the skunk at the family picnic to make sure we are as
intellectually honest as possible."[159] Obama said, "The best thing about Joe is that when
we get everybody together, he really forces people to think and defend their positions,
to look at things from every angle, and that is very valuable for me." [159] On June 11,
2010, Biden represented the United States at the opening ceremony of the World Cup,
attended the England v. U.S. game, and visited Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa. [219] The
Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their official residence in Washington, often
entertaining their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware. [220]
Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the 2010 midterm elections, maintaining an
attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party.
[221]
Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of White House
chief of staff Rahm Emanuel, Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress
became more important.[222][223] He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate
approval for the New START treaty.[222][223] In December 2010, Biden's advocacy for a
middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader Mitch
McConnell, were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax
package that included a temporary extension of the Bush tax cuts.[223][224] Biden then took
the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress. [223]
[225]
The package passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization,
and Job Creation Act of 2010.
In foreign policy, Biden supported the NATO-led military intervention in Libya in 2011.
[226]
He supported closer economic ties with Russia.[227]
In March 2011, Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations between Congress and the
White House in resolving federal spending levels for the rest of the year and avoiding a
government shutdown.[228] By May 2011, a "Biden panel" with six congressional members
was trying to reach a bipartisan deal on raising the U.S. debt ceiling as part of an
overall deficit reduction plan.[229][230] The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next
few months, but Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved key in breaking a
deadlock and bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of
2011, signed on August 2, 2011, the same day an unprecedented U.S. default had
loomed.[231][232][233] Biden had spent the most time bargaining with Congress on the debt
question of anyone in the administration,[232] and one Republican staffer said, "Biden's
the only guy with real negotiating authority, and [McConnell] knows that his word is
good. He was a key to the deal."[231]
Some reports suggest that Biden opposed to going forward with the May 2011 U.S.
mission to kill Osama bin Laden,[209][234] lest failure adversely affect Obama's reelection
prospects.[235][236] He took the lead in notifying Congressional leaders of the successful
outcome.[237]
Reelection
Main article: Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign
Biden with President Barack Obama, July 2012
In October 2010, Biden said Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for
the 2012 presidential election,[221] but with Obama's popularity on the decline, White
House chief of staff William M. Daley conducted some secret polling and focus group
research in late 2011 on the idea of replacing Biden on the ticket with Hillary Clinton.
[238]
The notion was dropped when the results showed no appreciable improvement for
Obama,[238] and White House officials later said Obama had never entertained the idea. [239]
Biden's May 2012 statement that he was "absolutely comfortable" with same-sex
marriage gained considerable public attention in comparison to Obama's position, which
had been described as "evolving".[240] Biden made his statement without administration
consent, and Obama and his aides were quite irked, since Obama had planned to shift
position several months later, in the build-up to the party convention, and since Biden
had previously counseled the president to avoid the issue lest key Catholic voters be
offended.[167][241][242][243] Gay rights advocates seized upon Biden's statement, [241] and within
days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part
forced by Biden's unexpected remarks.[244] Biden apologized to Obama in private for
having spoken out,[242][245] while Obama acknowledged publicly it had been done from the
heart.[241] The incident showed that Biden still struggled at times with message discipline,
[167]
as Time wrote, "Everyone knows Biden's greatest strength is also his greatest
weakness."[209] Relations were also strained between the campaigns when Biden
appeared to use his position to bolster fundraising contacts for a possible run for
president in 2016, and he ended up being excluded from Obama campaign strategy
meetings.[238]
The Obama campaign nevertheless still valued Biden as a retail-level politician who
could connect with disaffected, blue-collar workers and rural residents, and he had a
heavy schedule of appearances in swing states as the Obama reelection
campaign began in earnest in spring 2012.[246][209] An August 2012 remark before a mixed-
race audience that Republican proposals to relax Wall Street regulations would "put y'all
back in chains" led to a similar analysis of Biden's face-to-face campaigning abilities
versus his tendency to go off track.[246][247][248] The Los Angeles Times wrote, "Most
candidates give the same stump speech over and over, putting reporters if not the
audience to sleep. But during any Biden speech, there might be a dozen moments to
make press handlers cringe, and prompt reporters to turn to each other with amusement
and confusion."[247] Time magazine wrote that Biden often went too far and "Along with
the familiar Washington mix of neediness and overconfidence, Biden's brain is wired for
more than the usual amount of goofiness." [246]
Biden speaks during the U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue in Washington, D.C., July 2013.
Biden was officially nominated for a second term as vice president on September 6 by
voice vote at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina.
[249]
He faced his Republican counterpart, Representative Paul Ryan, in the vice-
presidential debate on October 11 in Danville, Kentucky. There he made a feisty,
emotional defense of the Obama administration's record and energetically attacked the
Republican ticket, attempting to regain the momentum lost by Obama's unfocused
debate performance against Republican nominee Mitt Romney the week before.[250][251]
On November 6, 2012, Obama and Biden were elected to second terms. [252] The ticket
won 332 Electoral College votes to Romney–Ryan's 206 and 51% of the popular vote. [253]
In December 2012, Obama named Biden to head the Gun Violence Task Force, created
to address the causes of gun violence in the United States in the aftermath of the Sandy
Hook Elementary School shooting.[254] Later that month, during the final days before the
United States fell off the "fiscal cliff", Biden's relationship with McConnell once more
proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the American Taxpayer Relief
Act of 2012 being passed at the start of 2013.[255][256] It made many of the Bush tax cuts
permanent but raised rates on upper income levels. [256]
Second term (2013–2017)
Biden with Brazilian vice president Michel Temer, October 11, 2013
Biden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony

at Number One Observatory Circle, his official residence, with Justice Sonia
Sotomayor presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21). [257] He continued to
be in the forefront as, in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, the
Obama administration put forth executive orders and proposed new gun control
measures[106] (they failed to pass).[258]
Biden played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of
the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, which resolved the federal government
shutdown of 2013 and the debt-ceiling crisis of 2013. This was because Senate majority
leader Harry Reid and other Democratic leaders cut him out of any direct talks with
Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations. [259][260][261]
Biden's Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to
related developments, such as the White House Council on Women and Girls, begun in
the first term, as well as the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual
Assault, begun in January 2014 with Biden and Valerie Jarrett as co-chairs.[262][263] Biden
discussed federal guidelines on sexual assault on university campuses while giving a
speech at the University of New Hampshire. He said, "No means no, if you're drunk or
you're sober. No means no if you're in bed, in a dorm or on the street. No means no
even if you said yes at first and you changed your mind. No means no." [264][265][266]
Biden with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem, Israel, March 9, 2016
Biden favored arming Syria's rebel fighters.[267] As Iraq fell apart during 2014, renewed
attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some
observers suggesting Biden had been right all along. [268][269] Biden himself said the U.S.
would follow ISIL "to the gates of hell".[270] In October 2014, he said Turkey, Saudi
Arabia and the United Arab Emirates had "poured hundreds of millions of dollars and
tens of thousands of tons of weapons into anyone who would fight against Al-Assad,
except that the people who were being supplied were al-Nusra, and al-Qaeda, and the
extremist elements of jihadis coming from other parts of the world."[271]
By 2015, a series of swearings-in and other events where Biden had placed his hands
on women and girls and talked closely to them attracted attention both in the press and
on social media.[272][273][274] In one case, a senator issued a statement afterward saying of
his daughter, "No, she doesn't think the vice president is creepy." [275]
On December 8, 2015, Biden spoke in Ukraine's parliament in Kyiv [276][277] in one of his
many visits to set U.S. aid and policy stance on Ukraine. [278][279] On February 28, 2016, he
gave a speech on sexual assault awareness at the 88th Academy Awards; he also
introduced Lady Gaga.
In 2015, Speaker of the House John Boehner and Senate majority leader Mitch
McConnell invited Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to address a joint session
of Congress without notifying the Obama administration. This defiance of protocol led
Biden and more than 50 congressional Democrats to skip Netanyahu's speech.[280] But in
March 2016, Biden spoke at the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)
Policy Conference in Washington, D.C., saying, "We're all united by our unyielding—I
mean literally unyielding—commitment to the survival, the security, and the success of
the Jewish State of Israel."[281]
In August 2016, Biden visited Serbia, where he met with Serbian president Aleksandar
Vučić and expressed his condolences for civilian victims of the bombing campaign
during the Kosovo War.[282] In Kosovo, he attended a ceremony renaming a highway after
his son Beau, in honor of Beau's service to Kosovo in training its judges and
prosecutors.[283][284][285]
On December 8, 2016, Biden went to Ottawa to meet with Canadian Prime
Minister Justin Trudeau.[286]
Role in the 2016 presidential campaign
Biden with Vice President-elect Mike Pence on November 10, 2016
During his second term, Biden was often said to be preparing for a possible bid for
the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[287] At age 74 on Inauguration Day in
January 2017, he would have been the oldest president on inauguration in history.
[288]
With his family, many friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the
race, and with Hillary Clinton's favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was
reported to again be seriously considering the prospect and a "Draft Biden
2016" PAC was established.[287][289][290]
As of September 11, 2015, Biden was still uncertain about running. He cited his son's
recent death as a large drain on his emotional energy, and said, "nobody has a right ...
to seek that office unless they're willing to give it 110% of who they are." [291]
On October 21, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and Obama
by his side, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016. [292][293][294] In
January 2016, Biden affirmed that it was the right decision, but admitted to regretting
not running for president "every day". [295]
As of the end of January 2016, neither Biden nor Obama had endorsed anyone in the
2016 presidential election. Biden missed his annual Thanksgiving tradition of going
to Nantucket, opting instead to travel abroad and meet with several European leaders.
He took time to meet with Martin O'Malley, having previously met with Bernie Sanders,
both 2016 candidates. Neither of these meetings was considered an endorsement, as
Biden had said he would meet with any candidate who asked. [296]
After Obama endorsed Clinton on June 9, 2016, Biden endorsed her later that day.
[297]
Though Biden and Clinton were scheduled to campaign together in Scranton on July
8, Clinton canceled the appearance in light of the shooting of Dallas police officers the
previous day.[298]
During the campaign season, Biden publicly displayed his disagreements with
Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump. On June 20, Biden critiqued Trump's
proposal to temporarily ban Muslims from entering the United States as well as his
stated intent to build a wall along the border with Mexico, adding that Trump's
suggestion to either torture or kill family members of terrorists was damaging both to
American values and "to our security". [299] In a July 26 interview, he said that "moral and
centered" voters would not vote for Trump.[300] On October 21, the anniversary of his
decision not to run, Biden said he wished he were still in high school so he could take
Trump "behind the gym".[301] On October 24, Biden clarified he would have fought Trump
only if he was still in high school,[302] and the next day, Trump responded that he would
"love that".[303]
Post-vice presidency (2017–2021)
Biden with Chuck Schumer, Barack Obama and President Donald Trump, January 2017
Biden campaigned for U.S. Senate candidate Doug Jones in October 2017.
In 2017, Biden became the Benjamin Franklin Presidential Practice professor at

the University of Pennsylvania, where he led the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and
Global Engagement.[304] He also wanted to pursue his "cancer moonshot" agenda, [305] in
March 2017 calling the fight against cancer "the only bipartisan thing left in America". [306]
Biden was close friends with Senator John McCain for over 30 years. When McCain
died in 2018, Biden's eulogy began: "My name's Joe Biden. I'm a Democrat. And I loved
John McCain."[307] He also called McCain a brother.[307]
Biden wrote his memoir Promise Me, Dad in 2017 and went on a book tour.[308] Biden
earned $15.6 million in 2017–18.[309] In 2019, Biden and his wife reported that their
assets had increased to between $2.2 million and $8 million, thanks to speaking
engagements and a contract to write a set of books. [310]
Comments on Donald Trump
While attending the launch of the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global
Engagement on March 30, 2017, a student asked Biden what "piece of advice" he
would give Trump. Biden responded that Trump should grow up and cease his tweeting
so he could focus on the office.[311] During a speech at a May 29 gathering of then New
Jersey gubernatorial candidate Phil Murphy supporters at a community center
gymnasium, Biden said, "There are a lot of people out there who are frightened. Trump
played on their fears. What we haven't done, in my view—and this is a criticism of all us
—we haven't spoken enough to the fears and aspirations of the people we come
from."[312]
At a Florida Democratic Party fundraiser in Hollywood on June 17, 2017, Biden
predicted the "state the nation is today will not be sustained by the American people".
[313]
He told CBS This Morning that Trump's administration "seems to feel the need to
coddle autocrats and dictators" like Saudi Arabian leaders, Russian president Vladimir
Putin, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte.[314] In
October 2018, Biden said if Democrats retook the House of Representatives, "I hope
they don't [impeach Trump]. I don't think there's a basis for doing that right now." [315] On
June 11, 2019, Biden criticized Trump's "damaging" trade war with China.[316] He also
criticized Trump's decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Syria, which critics say
gave Turkey the green light to launch the military offensive against Syrian Kurds.[317]
Climate change
During an appearance at the Brainstorm Health Conference in San Diego, California, on

May 2, 2017, Biden said the public "has moved ahead of the administration [on
science]".[318] On May 31, Biden tweeted that climate change was an "existential threat to
our future" and remaining in the Paris Agreement was the "best way to protect our
children and global leadership".[319] The next day, after Trump announced U.S.
withdrawal from the agreement, Biden tweeted that the choice "imperils U.S. security
and our ability to own the clean energy future". [320] While appearing at the Concordia
Europe Summit in Athens, Greece, on June 7, Biden said, referring to the withdrawal,
"The vast majority of the American people do not agree with the decision the president
made."[321]
During the October 22 presidential debate, Biden claimed that he "never said I
oppose fracking". In fact, he said in 2019 that "we would make sure [fossil fuels are]
eliminated" and in 2020 that he opposes "new fracking"; his written policy plan says he
endorses "banning new oil and gas permitting on public lands and waters"‍—‌but not
ending all new fracking everywhere or ending current fracking on public lands and
waters. He opposes federal subsidies for fossil fuels. [322]
Healthcare
On March 22, 2017, during his first appearance on Capitol Hill since Trump's
inauguration, Biden called the Republican healthcare bill a "tax bill" meant to transfer
nearly $1 trillion used for health benefits for those struggling to wealthy Americans.
[323]
On May 4, after the House of Representatives narrowly voted for the American
Health Care Act, Biden tweeted that it was a "Day of shame for Congress", lamenting
the loss of preexisting condition protections. [324] On June 24, in response to Senate
Republicans' revealing an American Health Care Act draft the previous day, Biden
tweeted that the bill "isn't about health care at all—it's a wealth transfer: slashes care to
fund tax cuts for the wealthy & corporations." [325] On July 28, in response to the failure in
the Senate of a bill to repeal parts of Obamacare, Biden tweeted, "Thank you to
everyone who tirelessly worked to protect the healthcare of millions." [326]
Immigration
Biden has vowed to stop building the U.S.-Mexico border wall.[327] On September 5,

2017, after Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced that the Trump administration
would rescind Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, Biden tweeted, "Brought by
parents, these children had no choice in coming here. Now they'll be sent to countries
they've never known. Cruel. Not America." [328]
LGBTQ rights
Biden speaks at the Human Rights Campaign National Dinner in 2018.
Biden was the first to speak on gay marriage at a Human Rights Campaign event in Los
Angeles in 2012. He also called LGBT workplace discrimination "close to barbaric" and
"bizarre".[329]
On April 14, 2017, Biden released a statement denouncing Chechen authorities for
rounding up, torturing, and murdering "individuals who are believed to be gay", and
stating his hope that the Trump administration would honor a prior pledge to advance
human rights by confronting Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov and Russian leaders
over "these egregious violations of human rights". [330] On June 21, during a speech at a
Democratic National Committee LGBT gala in New York City, Biden said, "Hold
President Trump accountable for his pledge to be your friend." [331]
On July 26, 2017, after Trump announced a ban of transgender people serving in the
military, Biden tweeted, "Every patriotic American who is qualified to serve in our military
should be able to serve. Full stop."[332]
In March 2019, Biden condemned Brunei's new LGBT death penalty law, tweeting:
"Stoning people to death for homosexuality or adultery is appalling and immoral. There
is no excuse—not culture, not tradition—for this kind of hate and inhumanity." [333] He
suggested the Trump administration's hostility to LGBT rights was a poor example for
countries like Brunei.[334]
On May 6, 2020, the Human Rights Campaign endorsed Biden for president. He
accepted the endorsement and emphasized the importance of continuing to fight
for LGBTQ equality.[335]

See also: 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Speculation and announcement
Biden at his presidential kickoff rally in Philadelphia, May 2019
Biden in Henderson, Nevada, February 2020
Between 2016 and 2019, media outlets often mentioned Biden as a likely candidate for
president in 2020.[336] When asked if he would run, he gave varied and ambivalent
answers, saying "never say never".[337] At one point he suggested he did not see a
scenario where he would run again,[338][339] but a few days later, he said, "I'll run if I can
walk."[340] A political action committee known as Time for Biden was formed in January
2018, seeking Biden's entry into the race.[341]
Biden said he would decide whether to run or not by January 2019, [342] but made no
announcement at that time. Friends said he was "very close to saying yes" but was
concerned about the effect another presidential run could have on his family and
reputation, as well as fundraising struggles and perceptions about his age and relative
centrism.[343] On the other hand, he was prompted to run by his "sense of duty", offense
at the Trump presidency, the lack of foreign policy experience among other Democratic
hopefuls, and his desire to foster "bridge-building progressivism" in the party. [343] He
launched his campaign on April 25, 2019.[344]
Campaign
In September 2019, it was reported that Trump had pressured Ukrainian
president Volodymyr Zelensky to investigate alleged wrongdoing by Biden and his
son Hunter Biden.[345] Despite the allegations, as of September 2019, no evidence has
been produced of any wrongdoing by the Bidens. [346][347][348] The media widely interpreted
this pressure to investigate the Bidens as trying to hurt Biden's chances of winning the
presidency, resulting in a political scandal[349][350] and Trump's impeachment by the House
of Representatives.
Beginning in 2019, Trump and his allies falsely accused Biden of getting the Ukrainian
prosecutor general Viktor Shokin fired because he was supposedly pursuing an
investigation into Burisma Holdings, which employed Hunter Biden. Biden was accused
of withholding $1 billion in aid from Ukraine in this effort. In 2015, Biden pressured the
Ukrainian parliament to remove Shokin because the United States, the European Union
and other international organizations considered Shokin corrupt and ineffective, and in
particular because Shokin was not assertively investigating Burisma. The withholding of
the $1 billion in aid was part of this official policy.[351][352][353][354]
Throughout 2019, Biden stayed generally ahead of other Democrats in national polls. [355]
[356]
Despite this, he finished fourth in the Iowa caucuses, and eight days later, fifth in
the New Hampshire primary.[357][358] He performed better in the Nevada caucuses,
reaching the 15% required for delegates, but still was behind Bernie Sanders by 21.6
percentage points.[359] Making strong appeals to black voters on the campaign trail and in
the South Carolina debate, Biden won the South Carolina primary by more than 28
points.[360] After the withdrawals and subsequent endorsements of candidates Pete
Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar, he made large gains in the March 3 Super
Tuesday primary elections. Biden won 18 of the next 26 contests, including Alabama,
Arkansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee,
Texas, and Virginia, putting him in the lead overall. [361] Elizabeth Warren and Mike
Bloomberg soon dropped out, and Biden expanded his lead with victories over Sanders
in four states (Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, and Missouri) on March 10. [362]
When Sanders suspended his campaign on April 8, 2020, Biden became the
Democratic Party's presumptive nominee for president.[363] On April 13, Sanders
endorsed Biden in a live-streamed discussion from their homes. [364] Former
President Barack Obama endorsed Biden the next day.[365] In March 2020, Biden
committed to choosing a woman as his running mate. [366] In June, Biden met the 1,991-
delegate threshold needed to secure the party's presidential nomination. [1] On August
11, he announced U.S. Senator Kamala Harris of California as his running mate,
making her the first African American and South Asian American vice-presidential
nominee on a major-party ticket.[367]
On August 18, 2020, Biden was officially nominated at the 2020 Democratic National
Convention as the Democratic Party nominee for president in the 2020 election.[368][369][370]
Allegations of inappropriate physical contact
Biden has been accused of inappropriate contact with women at public events, such as
embracing, kissing, gripping, or placing a hand on their shoulder. [371][372] He has described
himself as a "tactile politician" and admitted this behavior has caused trouble for him in
the past.[373]
In March 2019, former Nevada assemblywoman Lucy Flores alleged that Biden had
touched her without her consent at a 2014 campaign rally in Las Vegas. In an op-ed,
Flores wrote that Biden had walked up behind her, put his hands on her shoulders,
smelled her hair, and kissed the back of her head, adding that the way he touched her
was "an intimate way reserved for close friends, family, or romantic partners—and I felt
powerless to do anything about it."[374] Biden's spokesman said Biden did not recall the
behavior described.[375] Two days later, Amy Lappos, a former congressional aide to Jim
Himes, said Biden touched her in a non-sexual but inappropriate way by holding her
head to rub noses with her at a political fundraiser in Greenwich in 2009. [376] The next
day, two more women came forward with allegations of inappropriate conduct. Caitlin
Caruso said Biden placed his hand on her thigh, and D.J. Hill said he ran his hand from
her shoulder down her back.[377][378] In early April 2019, three women told The Washington
Post Biden had touched them in ways that made them feel uncomfortable. [379] In April
2019, former Biden staffer Tara Reade said she had felt uncomfortable on several
occasions when Biden touched her on her shoulder and neck during her employment in
his Senate office in 1993.[380] In March 2020, Reade accused him of a 1993 sexual
assault.[381] Biden and his campaign vehemently denied the allegation. [382][383]
Biden apologized for not understanding how people would react to his actions, but said
his intentions were honorable. He went on to say he was not sorry for anything he had
ever done, which led critics to accuse him of sending a mixed message. [384]

Further information: Presidential transition of Joe Biden
Biden was elected the 46th president of the United States in November 2020, defeating
the incumbent, Donald Trump, the first sitting president to lose reelection since George
H. W. Bush in 1992. He is the second non-incumbent vice president to be elected
president, and the first Democrat to do so.[4] He is also expected to become the oldest
president, as well as the first president from Delaware. Biden is expected to
be inaugurated at noon on January 20, 2021.[nb 3][nb 4]
Before naming any White House staff or cabinet appointments, Biden announced that
he will appoint a COVID-19 task force, co-chaired by former Surgeon General Vivek
Murthy, former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner David Kessler and Yale
University epidemiologist Professor Marcella Nunez-Smith.[391][392] Biden pledged a larger
federal government response to the pandemic than Donald Trump, akin to
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal following the Great Depression.[393] This
would include increased testing for the COVID virus, a steady supply of personal
protective equipment, distributing a vaccine and securing money from Congress for
schools and hospitals under the aegis of a national "supply chain commander" who
would coordinate the logistics of manufacturing and distributing protective gear and test
kits. This would be distributed by a "Pandemic Testing Board", also similar to
Roosevelt's War Production Board.[393] Biden also pledged to invoke the Defense
Production Act more aggressively than Trump in order to build up supplies, as well as
the mobilization of up to 100,000 Americans for a "public health jobs corps" of contact
tracers to help track and prevent outbreaks.[393] "Other members are Dr. Luciana
Borio, Rick Bright, Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel, Dr. Atul Gawande, Dr. Celine Gounder,
Dr. Julie Morita, Michael Osterholm, Loyce Pace, Dr. Robert Rodriguez and Dr. Eric
Goosby."[394]
Political positions
Main article: Political positions of Joe Biden
Biden has been characterized as a moderate Democrat.[395] He supported the fiscal
stimulus in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009;[396][397] the increased
infrastructure spending proposed by the Obama administration; [397] mass transit,
including Amtrak, bus, and subway subsidies;[398] reproductive rights;[399] same-sex
marriage;[400] and the reduced military spending in the Obama administration's fiscal year
2014 budget.[401][402] Biden supports the Roe v. Wade decision and since 2019 has been in
favor of repealing the Hyde Amendment.[403][404] Biden has proposed partially reversing the
corporate tax cuts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, saying that doing so would not
hurt businesses' ability to hire.[405][406]
Some political scientists gauge ideology by comparing the annual ratings by
the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) with the ratings by the American
Conservative Union (ACU).[407] Biden has a lifetime liberal 72% score from the ADA
through 2004, while the ACU awarded Biden a lifetime conservative rating of 13%
through 2008.[408] Using another metric, Biden has a lifetime average liberal score of
77.5%, according to a National Journal analysis that places him ideologically among the
center of Senate Democrats as of 2008. [409] The Almanac of American Politics rates
congressional votes as liberal or conservative on the political spectrum in three policy
areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–06, Biden's average economic rating
was 80% liberal and 13% conservative, his social rating was 78% liberal and 18%
conservative, and his foreign rating was 71% liberal and 25% conservative. [410] This has
not changed significantly over time; his liberal ratings in the mid-1980s were also in the
70%–80% range.[62]
The American Civil Liberties Union gives him an 80% lifetime score,[411] with a 91% score
for the 110th Congress.[412] The AFL–CIO gave Biden an 85% lifetime approval rating.[413]
Biden opposes drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and supports
governmental funding to find new energy sources. [414] He believes action must be taken
on global warming. He co-sponsored the Sense of the Senate resolution calling on the
United States to take part in the United Nations climate negotiations and the Boxer–
Sanders Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act, the most stringent climate bill in
the United States Senate.[415] He wants to achieve a carbon-free power sector in the U.S.
by 2035 and stop emissions completely by 2050. [416] His program includes
reentering Paris Agreement, nature conservation, and green building.[417] Biden wants to
pressure China and other countries to cut greenhouse gas emissions, by carbon tariffs if
necessary.[418][419] He voted for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Biden pledged, if elected, to sanction and commercially restrict Chinese government
[420]
officials and entities who carry out repression.[421]

As a senator, Biden forged deep relationships with police groups and was a chief
proponent of a Police Officer's Bill of Rights measure that police unions supported but
police chiefs opposed. As vice president, he served as a White House liaison to police.
[422][423]
Distinctions
Main article: List of honors received by Joe Biden
See also: List of things named after Joe Biden
President Obama presents Biden with the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction, January 12, 2017.
Biden has received honorary degrees from the University of Scranton (1976),[424] Saint

Joseph's University (LL.D 1981),[425] Widener University School of Law (2000),
[129]
Emerson College (2003),[426] Delaware State University (2003),[427] his alma mater
the University of Delaware (LL.D 2004),[428] Suffolk University Law School (2005),[429] his
other alma mater Syracuse University (LL.D 2009),[430] Wake Forest
University (LL.D 2009),[431] the University of Pennsylvania (LL.D 2013),[432] Miami Dade
College (2014),[433] University of South Carolina (DPA 2014),[434] Trinity College,
Dublin (LL.D 2016),[435] Colby College (LL.D 2017),[436] and Morgan State University (DPS
2017).[437]
Biden also received the Chancellor Medal (1980) and the George Arents Pioneer Medal
(2005) from Syracuse University.[438][438][439]
In 2008, Biden received Working Mother magazine's Best of Congress Award for
"improving the American quality of life through family-friendly work policies". [440] Also in
2008, he shared with fellow senator Richard Lugar the Government of Pakistan's Hilal-i-
Pakistan award "in recognition of their consistent support for Pakistan". [441] In
2009, Kosovo gave Biden the Golden Medal of Freedom, the region's highest award, for
his vocal support for its independence in the late 1990s. [442]
Biden is an inductee of the Delaware Volunteer Firemen's Association Hall of Fame.
[443]
He was named to the Little League Hall of Excellence in 2009.[444]
On May 15, 2016, the University of Notre Dame gave Biden the Laetare Medal,
considered the highest honor for American Catholics. The medal was simultaneously
awarded to John Boehner, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.[445][446]
On June 25, 2016, Biden received the Freedom of the City of County Louth in
the Republic of Ireland.[447]
On January 12, 2017, Obama surprised Biden by awarding him the Presidential Medal
of Freedom with Distinction‍—‌for "faith in your fellow Americans, for your love of country
and a lifetime of service that will endure through the generations". [448][449] It was the only
award by Obama of the Medal of Freedom with Distinction; other recipients
include Ronald Reagan, Colin Powell and Pope John Paul II.[450]
On December 11, 2018, the University of Delaware renamed its School of Public Policy
and Administration the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration.
The Biden Institute is housed there.[451]
Electoral history
Main article: Electoral history of Joe Biden
Election results
Year Office Party Votes for Biden % Opponent Party Votes
County Democrati 55 Lawrence T.

1970 10,573 Republican 8,192
councilor c % Messick
U.S. senator Democrati 50

1972 116,006 J. Caleb Boggs Republican 112,844
c %
Democrati 58
1978 93,930 James H. Baxter Jr. Republican 66,479
c %
Democrati 60
1984 147,831 John M. Burris Republican 98,101
c %
1990 Democrati 112,918 63 M. Jane Brady Republican 64,554

c %
Democrati 60 Raymond J.
1996 165,465 Republican 105,088
c % Clatworthy
Democrati 58 Raymond J.
2002 135,253 Republican 94,793
c % Clatworthy
Democrati 65 Christine
2008 257,484 Republican 140,584
c % O'Donnell
Democrati 69,498,516 59,948,323

53
2008 365 electoral votes (270 Sarah Palin Republican 173 electoral
c %
needed) votes
Vice president
Democrati 65,915,795 60,933,504

51
2012 332 electoral votes (270 Paul Ryan Republican 206 electoral
c %
needed) votes
Democrati
2020 President Donald Trump Republican
c
Writings by Biden
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr.; Helms, Jesse (April 1, 2000). Hague Convention On
International Child Abduction: Applicable Law And Institutional Framework
Within Certain Convention Countries Report To The Senate. Diane
Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-2250-0.
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 8, 2001). Putin Administration's Policies toward
Non-Russian Regions of the Russian Federation: Hearing before the
Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government
Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2624-7.
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 24, 2001). Administration's Missile Defense
Program and the ABM Treaty: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign
Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-
7567-1959-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016.
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (September 5, 2001). Threat of Bioterrorism and the
Spread of Infectious Diseases: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign
Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-
7567-2625-5.
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 12, 2002). Examining The Theft Of
American Intellectual Property At Home And Abroad: Hearing before the
Committee On Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government
Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-4177-7.
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 14, 2002). Halting the Spread of
HIV/AIDS: Future Efforts in the U.S. Bilateral & Multilateral Response:
Hearings before the Comm. on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 27, 2002). How Do We Promote
Democratization, Poverty Alleviation, and Human Rights to Build a More
Secure Future: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S.
Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2478-3.
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (August 1, 2002). Hearings to Examine Threats,
Responses, and Regional Considerations Surrounding Iraq: Hearing
before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S.
Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2823-1.
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (January 1, 2003). International Campaign Against
Terrorism: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S.
Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-3041-4.
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (January 1, 2003). Political Future of Afghanistan:
Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane
 Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (September 1, 2003). Strategies for Homeland
Defense: A Compilation by the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S.
Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-2623-9.
 Biden, Joseph (2005). "Foreword". In Nicholson, William C.
(ed.). Homeland Security Law and Policy. C. C Thomas. ISBN 0-398-
07583-2.
 Biden, Joe (July 31, 2007). Promises to Keep. Random House. ISBN 978-
1-4000-6536-3. Also paperback edition, Random House 2008, ISBN 0-
8129-7621-5.
 Biden, Joe (November 14, 2017). Promise Me, Dad: A Year of Hope,
Hardship, and Purpose. Flatiron Books. ISBN 978-1-250-17167-2.
Notes
1. ^ Biden admired McCain politically as well as personally. In May 2004,
he had urged McCain to run as vice president with presumptive
Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry, saying the cross-party
ticket would help heal the "vicious rift" in U.S. politics.[175]
2. ^ Delaware's Democratic governor, Ruth Ann Minner, announced on
November 24, 2008, that she would appoint Biden's longtime senior
adviser Ted Kaufman to succeed Biden in the Senate.[188] Kaufman said
he would serve only two years, until Delaware's special Senate
election in 2010.[188] Biden's son Beau ruled himself out of the 2008
selection process due to his impending tour in Iraq with the Delaware
Army National Guard.[189] He was a possible candidate for the 2010
special election, but in early 2010 said he would not run for the seat. [190]
3. ^ As of Monday, November 9, 2020, ever since major media outlets
called the election for Biden a few days earlier, most reliable sources
have been referring to Joe Biden as president-elect, and to Kamala
Harris as vice president-elect. At that time, the incumbent president
[[[Donald Trump]] was still refusing to concede defeat and was
claiming the election was being stolen from him by alleged electoral
fraud, and Emily W. Murphy, the Trump-appointed Administrator of
the General Services Administration (GSA), whose task it is to formally
certify the winners as "President-elect" and "Vice-President-elect" in
order to officially start the transition,[385][386] had not yet done so.[387][386] and
the criteria for certifying the winners are "legally murky".[386]
4. ^ However, like previous potential transition teams, such as that of
unsuccessful candidate Mitt Romney in 2012, the Biden transition
team remains eligible for government funding in accordance with the
Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010,[388][389] and Biden has
been eligible to receive classified intelligence briefings since his
nomination in August.[390] At least some government agencies had
reportedly started their transition plans as of November 9, 2020, with
airspace being restricted over his home, and "the Secret Service has
begun using agents from its presidential protective detail for the
president-elect and his family."[386]
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were E 73 26, S 83 10, F 76 15; in 2006, E 87 0, S 73 26, F 65 34.
411. ^ Head, Tom (2008). "Joe Biden on Civil Liberties". Civil Liberties
News and Issues. About.com. Retrieved June 3,2013.
412. ^ "ACLU Congressional Scorecard". American Civil Liberties Union.
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25, 2008.
413. ^ "AFL-CIO Democratic Forum". Elections 2008. Annenberg
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414. ^ "Arctic Power—Arctic National Wildlife Refuge—Presidential
Candidates views on ANWR, The Democrats". Archived from the
original on August 7, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
415. ^ "A look at the environmental record of Joe Biden, Barack Obama's
running mate". Grist. January 3, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
416. ^ Carr, Bob (September 2, 2020). "Joe Biden's bold climate policies
would leave Australia behind". The Guardian. Retrieved September
21, 2020.
417. ^ Moore, Elena (October 16, 2020). "Trump's And Biden's Plans For
The Environment". NPR. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
418. ^ BADE, GAVIN (October 14, 2020). "How Biden would use trade
agreements to fight global warming". Politico. Retrieved October
22, 2020.
419. ^ "Biden's hands may be tied on Trump's China tariffs, trade experts
say". Reuters. CNBC. September 8, 2020. Retrieved October
22, 2020.
420. ^ "Final Senate Vote on NAFTA". Public Citizen. Archived from the
original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
421. ^ Edward Wong, Michael Crowley & Ana Swanson, Joe Biden's
China Journey, New York Times (September 6, 2020).
422. ^ Kranish, Michael. "Joe Biden let police groups write his crime bill.
Now, his agenda has changed". Washington Post.
423. ^ CNN, Nathan McDermott and Em Steck. "Biden repeatedly
pushed bill in Senate that critics said would have made investigating
police officers for misconduct more difficult". CNN.
424. ^ "Honorary Degree Recipients". University of Scranton. 2008.
Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved November
26, 2008.
425. ^ "Honorary Degree Recipients" (PDF). Saint Joseph's University.
Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2008.
426. ^ "Senator Biden to Address 123rd Commencement Rites On May
19". Emerson College. May 2003. Archived from the original on
September 18, 2006. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
427. ^ Archivists, Dsu (May 9, 2018). "Delaware State University
Archives and Special Collections: Honorary Degrees". Delaware State
University Archives and Special Collections. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
428. ^ "Honorary Degree Citation for Joseph R. Biden Jr". University of
Delaware. May 29, 2004. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
429. ^ "Commencements". Boston Globe. May 23, 2005. Archived
from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
430. ^ "SU Archives: Awards and Honors—Recipient of Honorary
Degrees". archives.syr.edu. Archived from the original on July 30,
2016. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
431. ^ "Honorary Degrees". Commencement News Archive.
432. ^ "Documents & Publications | University Archives and Records
Center". archives.upenn.edu.
433. ^ "Vice President Joe Biden hails need for immigration reform at
Miami Dade College graduation".
434. ^ "Vice President Joe Biden to deliver UofSC commencement
address—University of South Carolina". www.sc.edu.
435. ^ Dublin, Trinity News and Events, Trinity College. "US Vice
President Joe Biden Receives Honorary Doctorate from Trinity
College". www.tcd.ie.
436. ^ "Joe Biden to speak at Colby College commencement". April 17,
2017.
437. ^ "Former Vice President Joe Biden Is MSU's Spring 2017
Commencement Speaker—The MSU Spokesman". April 14, 2017.
438. ^ Jump up to:a b Kates, William (May 10, 2009). "Biden tells Syracuse
University graduates they have special opportunity to help shape
history". Newsday. Retrieved May 11, 2009.
439. ^ "Five SU alumni to be honored with Arents Awards". Syracuse
University. May 25, 2005. Archived from the original on September 7,
2006. Retrieved November 26,2008.
440. ^ "Biden Honored for Making a Difference for Working
Families" (Press release). U.S. Senate. August 12, 2008. Archived
from the original on November 25, 2008. Retrieved November
26, 2008.
441. ^ Haider, Zeeshan (October 28, 2008). "Pakistan gives awards to
Biden, Lugar for support". Reuters. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
442. ^ "Biden ends Balkans tour, heads to Lebanon". Agence France-
Presse. May 22, 2009. Retrieved May 23,2009.
443. ^ "Hall of Fame". Delaware Volunteer Firemen's Association.
444. ^ "Hall of Excellence". Little League Baseball. Archived from the
original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
445. ^ May 16, Religion News Service (May 16, 2016). "Biden, Boehner
receive high Catholic honor". NewBostonPost. Retrieved July
31, 2020.
446. ^ "Joe Biden and John Boehner: Our Faith Inspires Political
Compromise". Time. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
447. ^ "Biden receives Freedom of County Louth on visit to Cooley
Peninsula | Talk of the Town". talkofthetown.ie. Retrieved January
11, 2017.
448. ^ Lederman, Josh; Salama, Vivian (January 12, 2017). "Obama
awards Biden Presidential Medal of Freedom". Boston Globe.
449. ^ Shear, Michael D. (January 12, 2017). "Obama Surprises Joe
Biden With Presidential Medal of Freedom". The New York Times.
Retrieved October 24,2018.
450. ^ Welsh, Teresa (January 12, 2017). "Biden surprised with
Presidential Medal of Freedom". The Miami Herald.
451. ^ "Biden School | UDaily". www.udel.edu.
Books
 Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. (2008). The Almanac of American
Politics. National Journal. Washington. ISBN 978-0-89234-116-0.
 Bronner, Ethan (1989). Battle for Justice: How the Bork Nomination Shook
America. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-02690-6.
 Gadsen, Brett (October 8, 2012). Between North and South: Delaware,
Desegregation, and the Myth of American Sectionalism. University of
Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0797-2.
 Mayer, Jane; Abramson, Jill (1994). Strange Justice: The Selling of
Clarence Thomas. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-63318-4.
 Moritz, Charles, ed. (1987). Current Biography Yearbook 1987. New
York: H. W. Wilson Company.
 Wolffe, Richard (2009). Renegade: The Making of a President. New
York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-307-46312-8.
 Levingston, Steven; Dyson, Michael (2019). Barack and Joe: The Making
of an Extraordinary Partnership. Hachette. ISBN 978-0-316-48788-7.
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Joe Biden

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This article is about a person involved in a current event. Information

Official portrait, 2013

President-elect of the United States

Vice President Kamala Harris (elect)

Succeeding Donald Trump

47th Vice President of the United States

January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017

President Barack Obama

Preceded by Dick Cheney

Succeeded by Mike Pence

United States Senator

January 3, 1973 – January 15, 2009

Preceded by J. Caleb Boggs

Succeeded by Ted Kaufman

Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee

January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2009

Preceded by Richard Lugar

Succeeded by John Kerry

Preceded by Jesse Helms

Succeeded by Richard Lugar

January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001

Preceded by Jesse Helms

Succeeded by Jesse Helms

Chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus

January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2009

Preceded by Chuck Grassley

Succeeded by Dianne Feinstein

Chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee

January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1995

Preceded by Strom Thurmond

Succeeded by Orrin Hatch

Member of the New Castle County Council from the 4th district

November 4, 1970 – November 8, 1972

Preceded by Henry Folsom

Born Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.

November 20, 1942 (age 77)

Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Political party Democratic

Joseph Robinette Biden Sr.

Awards Presidential Medal of Freedom with distinction

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (/ˈbaɪdən/ BY-dən; born November 20, 1942) is an

Early life (1942–1965)

This article is part of

U.S. Senator from Delaware

 Senate Judiciary Committee

o 1994 Crime Bill

o Violence Against Women Act

 Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Vice President of the United States

o 2010 Tax Relief Act

o 2011 debt-ceiling crisis response

o Women and Girls