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TTNL02 - Thermal transient with change

of phase

Summary:

This elementary test makes it possible to deal with an one-way problem in non-linear transitory thermics and to
check the taking into account of a liquid/solid phase shift by Code_Aster by introducing via the voluminal
enthalpy the latent heat of fusion. The solution is analytical and utilizes the functions of error erf and erfc .
With the problem is dealt in the cases plan and voluminal.

For modelings presented here, the variations of the results got by Code_Aster range between 1 and 4% of the
analytically calculated reference.

Warning : The translation process used on this website is a "Machine Translation". It may be imprecise and inaccurate in whole or in part and is
provided as a convenience.
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1 Problem of reference
1.1 Geometry
Ti  = 740 °C
Tm  = 660 °C

T0  = 580 °C
Phase solide Phase liquide

0 L
l = 0.1m

1.2 Material properties

They are the subscripted characteristics of aluminium by S for the solid phase and L for the liquid
phase. They are supposed to be constant within each phase.

Density  S =2550 kg / m3 1=2390 kg /m3

Voluminal heat c S =3. 10 6 J /m3 ° C c 1=2.5810 6 J /m 3 ° C
Thermal conductivity k S =210 W /m° C k 1=95 W /m ° C
Latent heat of fusion L=437.44 10−3 J.kg
Melting point T m =660. ° C
Voluminal variation of enthalpy  H =1.08048 109 J / m3

1.3 Boundary conditions and loadings

Temperature imposed at the ends.

T 0 =580 ° C in x=0
T i =740 ° C in x=l

1.4 Initial conditions

Uniform initial temperature

T init =T i=740 ° C

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2 Reference solution
2.1 Method of calculating used for the reference solution
One has an semi-analytical solution utilizing the functions of errors:

2 x −t 2
2 ∞ −t 2

erf  x = ∫ e dt and erfc  x = ∫ e dt

 0
 x
This solution is valid for a semi-infinite medium, it could thus be used only in one limited field of
variation of the variable of time.
L st
That is to say xt the position of the solid interface/liquid. Are st = and = where d s
 t total 2ds

and d l indicate the diffusivity of the mediums solid and liquid

equation of heat is form:

 d s=
ks
cs
k
cl 
, d l = l . The solution of the

T m −T 0
T s  x ,t =T 0
erf 
erf
x

2 d s t 
if x≤ x t

T m−T i
T l  x , t =T i  erfc
x
 
erfc  
ds
dl
2  d l t if x≥ x t

The data of t total is enough to define the solution, one thus fixes t total =420.

2.2 Results of reference

TIME: 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
X-
coordinate
.000 580. 580. 580. 580. 580. 580.
.005 682.43 661.33 647.50 638.74 632.69 628.20
.010 726.05 705.75 692.06 682.43 675.24 669.63
.015 738.11 728.70 718.44 709.60 702.23 696.06
.020 739.86 737.22 731.99 726.05 720.27 714.94
.025 740. 739.50 737.56 734.47 730.81 727.00
.030 740. 739.93 739.39 738.11 736.20 733.88
.035 740. 739.99 739.88 739.45 738.61 737.40
.040 740. 740. 739.98 739.86 739.55 739.00
.045 740. 740. 740. 739.97 739.87 739.65
.050 740. 740. 740. 740. 739.97 739.89
.055 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 739.97
.060 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.065 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.070 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.075 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.080 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.085 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.090 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.095 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.100 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.

Warning : The translation process used on this website is a "Machine Translation". It may be imprecise and inaccurate in whole or in part and is
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TIME: 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

X-
coordinate
.000 580. 580. 580. 580. 580. 580.
.005 624.68 621.84 619.48 617.48 615.25 614.25
.010 665.09 661.33 657.43 653.65 650.37 647.49
.015 690.83 686.33 682.43 678.99 675.95 673.22
.020 710.11 705.75 701.81 698.25 709.92 692.06
.025 723.23 719.60 716.17 712.95 720.89 707.09
.030 731.34 728.70 726.05 723.43 728.48 718.44
.035 735.89 734.18 732.34 730.43 733.42 726.53
.040 738.21 737.22 736.07 734.79 736.44 731.99
.045 739.29 738.77 738.11 737.33 738.18 735.47
.050 739.74 739.50 739.15 738.71 739.12 737.56
.055 739.91 739.81 739.65 739.42 739.60 738.75
.060 739.97 739.93 739.86 739.75 739.83 739.39
.065 739.99 739.98 739.95 739.90 739.93 739.72
.070 740. 739.99 739.98 739.96 739.97 739.88
.075 740. 740. 740. 739.99 739.99 739.95
.080 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 739.98
.085 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 739.99
.090 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.095 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.
.100 740. 740. 740. 740. 740. 740.

(In ° C , according to the X-coordinate in meter and of time in seconds).

Note:
One limits oneself to the variations during the 6 first second, beyond 10 seconds the boundary
condition at the end x=1 is not assured any more.

2.3 Uncertainty on the solution

Unknown factor, due to the evaluation of the functions of error.

2.4 Bibliographical references

•Mr. Necati Özisik - Heat Conduction - Chapter 10: Phase-change problems example 10-3 - John
Wiley & Sounds.

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3 Modeling A
3.1 Characteristics of modeling
Modeling 2D:

N6 N11 N16 N21

3.2 Characteristics of the grid

20 QUAD8

3.3 Notice
The latent heat of fusion is provided via the enthalpy on an interval of 0.01 ° C .

9
Enthalpie volumique

 H=1.08 10

 T=0.01

Température

3.4 Values tested

The nodes observed have as a coordinate y=0.0

Identification Reference
temperature
T= 0.5 S N6 (X = 0,005) 682.43
T= 1.0 S N6 (X = 0,005) 661.33
T= 3.0 S N6 (X = 0,005) 628.20
T= 6.0 S N6 (X = 0,005) 614.25

T = 0.5 S N11 (X = 0,010) 726.05

T = 1.0 S N11 (X = 0,010) 705.75
T = 3.0 S N11 (X = 0,010) 669.63
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T = 6.0 S N11 (X = 0,010) 647.49

T = 0.5 S N16 (X = 0,015) 738.11

T = 1.0 S N16 (X = 0,015) 728.70
T = 3.0 S N16 (X = 0,015) 696.06
T = 6.0 S N16 (X = 0,015) 673.22

T = 0.5 S N21 (X = 0,020) 739.86

T = 1.0 S N21 (X = 0,020) 737.22
T = 3.0 S N21 (X = 0,020) 714.94
T = 6.0 S N21 (X = 0,020) 692.06

Calculation by finite elements requires a discretization in times of  t=5. 10−4 s at least for the first
steps. The boundary condition imposed at the origin making pass the temperature abruptly of
740. ° C with 580. ° C . One observes on the level of the first steps of time some oscillations which
are stabilized then rather quickly, despite everything the maximum temperature is exceeded, it does
not have respect of the discrete maximum there. This phenomenon is observed at the time of the
thermal shocks, only a particular digital processing on the level of the matrix of mass can cure this
last.

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4 Modeling B
4.1 Characteristics of modeling
Modeling 3D:

No324 No312 No300 No277

4.2 Characteristics of the grid

20 HEXA20

4.3 Values tested

The nodes observed have as coordinates: x= y=0.005

Identification Reference
Temperature
T= 0.5 S No324 (Z = 0,005) 682.43
T= 1.0 S No324 (Z = 0,005) 661.33
T= 3.0 S No324 (Z = 0,005) 628.20
T= 6.0 S No324 (Z = 0,005) 614.25

T= 0.5 S No312 (Z = 0,010) 726.05

T= 1.0 S No312 (Z = 0,010) 705.75
T= 3.0 S No312 (Z = 0,010) 669.63
T= 6.0 S No312 (Z = 0,010) 647.49

T= 0.5 S No300 (Z = 0,015) 738.11

T= 1.0 S No300 (Z = 0,015) 728.70
T= 3.0 S No300 (Z = 0,015) 696.06
T= 6.0 S No300 (Z = 0,015) 673.22

T= 0.5 S No277 (Z = 0,020) 739.86

T= 1.0 S No277 (Z = 0,020) 737.22
T= 3.0 S No277 (Z = 0,020) 714.94
T= 6.0 S No277 (Z = 0,020) 692.06

5 Summaries of the results

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The error obtained compared to the analytical solution remains reasonable for the points of
observation listed in the tables. Let us announce however that the thermal shock imposed on the
beginning of the transient cause oscillations (when one observes the variation in the temperature in a
point in the course of time) which diminish quickly and which disappeared at time t=0.5 s .

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