Lect5 - Flexibility Matrix

Lecture 5
Flexibility matrix
Guan LIN
Research Assistant Professor
Office: ZS965; Tel.: 3400-8447
Email: [email protected]
Courtesy of Prof. Yong Xia
Department of Civil & Page 1

Structural Engineering
Multiple unknowns
q
A B C D E
RA XB XC XD RE
Primary structure under applied load (Determinate)

q
B C D
A ΔD0 E
ΔB0
ΔC0
RA RE

Primary structure under redundant forces
B C D
A XB XC XD
E
fBB fCB fDB
B 1 C D
A E
fDC
fBC fCC
B C 1 D
A E
fBD fCD
fDD
B C D 1
A E

Multiple unknowns
q Superposition of deflections at
B C D released supports:
A ΔD0 E
ΔB0
ΔC0 ΔB = ΔB0 + fBB XB + fBC XC+ fBD XD = 0
RA RE
fBB ΔC = ΔC0 + fCB XB + fCC XC+ fCD XD = 0

fCB fDB
ΔD = ΔD0 + fDB XB + fDC XC+ fDD XD = 0
B C D
XB
A 1
E
fDC
fBC fCC
XC In matrix form:
B C 1 D
A E
fBD fCD
fDD
XD
B C D 1
A E

Another Example
A beam ABC fixed at C, resting on roller supports

at A and B, and carrying a uniform load of q per
unit length. The beam has a constant flexural
rigidity EI. Find the reactions of the beam.
Degree of
indeterminacy is two:
two unknown reactions
are chosen as redundant
forces.

1. Choose the two unknown reactions as redundant
forces, X1 and X2: vertical reaction at B and
moment at C, such that the determinate structure
is a simply-supported beam.
1 and 2 are general
X2 coordinates. X1 and X2 are
general forces.
∆1 , ∆2 are displacements
due to the external forces
X1 and redundant forces. They
are positive if in the same
direction of the forces.
The compatibility condition is ∆1 = 0

∆2 = 0
∆1 = D1 + f11X1 + f12X2
∆2 = D2 + f21X1 + f22X2
X1
X2
2. Calculate the displacement of the released
structure due to the external forces.
D1 is the displacement along the general coordinate 1, under
the external forces; D2 is the rotation along the general
coordinate 2, under the external forces.
Both are negative in the case.
How to calculate D1 and D2?

M u1 M 0
D1 = dx
EI
M0
1 1 1 2 L 1
1 2 =− qL 1+
qL EI 3 8 4 4
8
5q(2l )
4
5qL4 5ql 4
=− =− =−
L4 384EI 384EI 24EI
Mu1
X1=1 M u2M 0
D2 = dx
EI
1 1 1 1 2
=− qL 1 L
EI 3 8
Mu2 q(2l )
3
qL3 ql 3
=− =− =−
X2=1 24EI 24EI 3EI
Department of Civil & 28/09/2020 Page 9

3. Calculate the displacement due to the unit
redundant forces.
f11 is the displacement along the general coordinate 1, under
a unit redundant force X1; f21 is the rotation along the
general coordinate 2, under the unit redundant force X1.
Both are positive in the case.
How to calculate f11 and f21?

L4
M u 1 M u1
f11 = dx
Mu1 EI
1 1 L L
= L
X1=1 EI 3 4 4
=
L3
=
(2l )
=
3
l3
L4 48EI 48EI 6 EI
Mu1
M u 2 M u1
X1=1 f 21 = dx
EI
1 1 L 1
= 1 L 1+
1 EI 6 4 2
Mu2 =
L2
=
(2l )
2
=
l2
16EI 16EI 4 EI
X2=1
Department of Civil & 28/09/2020 Page 11

Similarly, f12 is the displacement along the general
coordinate 1, under a unit redundant force X2; f22 is the
rotation along the general coordinate 2, under the unit
redundant force X2. Both are positive in the case.
Mu2
X2=1
L4
M u 2 M u1 l2
f12 = dx = f 21 = Mu1
EI 4 EI
X1=1
M u2M u2 1 1 L 2l
f 22 = dx = 1 1 L = =
EI EI 3 3EI 3EI
The final displacement are the results of the
superposition of the effects of the external loading
and the redundants on the released structure:
∆1 = D1 + f11X1 + f12X2 = 0
∆2 = D2 + f21X1 + f22X2 = 0
Or in the matrix form:
1 D1 f11 f12 X1 0
= + =
2 D2 f 21 f 22 X2 0

Let
f11 f12 X1 D1
f = X = D =
f 21 f 22 X2 D2
Then one has D + f X = 0
where [f] is called flexibility matrix and its elements

are flexibility influence coefficients. In particular,
fij represents the displacement at the coordinate i
due to a unit redundant at the coordinate j. It is
noted that [f] depends on the choice of redundants.

Then the redundant forces can be obtained by
solving the above equation
−1
X =− f D
l3 l2
8 − 3l
6 EI 4 EI 12EI ql 3 − 5l
f = f
−1
= D =
7l 3 24EI − 8
l2 2l − 3l 2l 2
4 EI 3EI
ql 16 8 ql 2
X = X 1 = ql X2 =
14 l 7 14
The final reactions and internal forces are the
results of the superposition of the effects of
the external loadings and the redundant
forces on the released structure.

1 1
M0 M B = q(2l ) = ql 2
2
8 2
2l/4 2l
MB = X1
4
Mu1 X1 = l 8 ql = 4 ql 2
2 7 7
1
MB = X2
1/2 2
Mu2 X2 =
1 1 2
ql =
1 2
ql
2 14 28
3ql 2
M = M 0 + M u1 X 1 + M u 2 X 2
28 ql 2 1 4 1 3
M B = − ql 2 + ql 2 + ql 2 = ql 2
14 2 7 28 28
General cases
If the number of release is n, The simultaneous
equations of compatibility are
∆1 = D1 + f11X1 + f12X2 + + f1iXi + + f1nXn = 0
∆2 = D2 + f21X1 + f22X2 + + f2iXi + + f2nXn = 0
∆i = Di + fi1X1 + fi2X2 + + fiiXi + + finXn = 0
∆n = Dn + fn1X1 + fn2X2 + + fniXi + + fnnXn = 0

Or in the matrix form, the order of the vectors and matrix
{X}, [f] and {D} is n 1, n n, n 1 :
D n 1 + f n n X n 1 = 0
f11 f12 f 1n
f 21 f 22 f 2n
f =
f n1 f n2 f nn
1. [f] is symmetric, i.e, fij = fji, Maxwell’s law of
reciprocal displacements.
2. All the diagonal elements are positive. Others can be
negative or nil.
The redundant forces can be obtained by solving the
above equation as
−1
X n1=− f n n D n1
The final reactions and internal forces are the results of
the superposition of the effects of the external
loadings and the redundant forces on the released
structure. It is usual to derive the moments first based
on M0 and Mu that are ready, then calculate the shear
forces and axial forces as the determinate structures.
M = M 0 + M u1 X 1 + M u 2 X 2 + + M un X n
M0 is the moments due to external forces;
M u1 , M u 2 , , M un are the moments due to a unit redundant.


Lect5 - Flexibility Matrix

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lect5 - Flexibility Matrix

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lect5 - Flexibility Matrix

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 5

Department of Civil & Page 1

Primary structure under applied load (Determinate)

Department of Civil & Page 2

fBB fCB fDB

Department of Civil & Page 3

fBB ΔC = ΔC0 + fCB XB + fCC XC+ fCD XD = 0

Department of Civil & Page 4

A beam ABC fixed at C, resting on roller supports

Department of Civil & Page 5

The compatibility condition is ∆1 = 0

How to calculate D1 and D2?

Department of Civil & Page 8

Department of Civil & 28/09/2020 Page 9

Department of Civil & Page 10

Department of Civil & 28/09/2020 Page 11

Or in the matrix form:

Department of Civil & Page 13

Then one has D + f X = 0

where [f] is called flexibility matrix and its elements

Department of Civil & Page 14

Department of Civil & Page 16

∆i = Di + fi1X1 + fi2X2 + + fiiXi + + finXn = 0

∆n = Dn + fn1X1 + fn2X2 + + fniXi + + fnnXn = 0

Department of Civil & Page 18

M u1 , M u 2 , , M un are the moments due to a unit redundant.

You might also like