Design of Shear Ces522
Design of Shear Ces522
Design of Shear Ces522
UNIT6
Learning Outcomes
2. Explain the Variable Strut Inclination Method used in the design of shear
reinforcement.(PLO1, C3, K)
Contents
Concrete beam can fail due to excessive shear as shown in Figure 6.1.
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Shear failure in reinforced concrete beams is complex and can occur in several ways. A
typical failure mode for a simply supported beam is illustrated in the Figure 6.2, which
also shows how reinforcement can assist in resisting the shear.
Figure 6.2: Shear failure can be prevented using links or links plus bend-up bars
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1) Stirrups (links)
2) Inclined bars (used together with stirrups)
In EC2 the method of shear design is known as The Variable Strut Inclination Method.In
a reinforced concrete beam with vertical links, shear forces are considered to be carried
by the links in tension acting with diagonal concrete struts in compression, as shown
Figure 6.3.
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The angle of concrete strut varies depending on the shear force applied. Usually
designer choose any value of Ө, between 22 and 45 o (i.e cot Ө between 1 and 2.5)
depending on the applied shear. It can be noticed that if the value assumed for Ө is
small then the requirement for shear reinforcement is also small. Thus, to be
economical use the smallest value of Ө as possible as shown in Figure 6.4.
EC2 allows the designer to vary the angle θ of the strut to obtain the most economical
solution. However an angle θ of 22° (the minimum allowed in EC2) will give practical
designs in most cases.
Note that for a rectangular beam the breadth bw used in the shear calculation is equal to
the overall breadth b. For T and L beams bw is the breadth of the web, as shown in
Figure 6.5.
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The procedure for checking the shear resistance of a concrete beam involves:
a) Verifying that the concrete has sufficient capacity at the face of the support.
b) Reinforcement design is based on the shear force at a distance equal to one effective
depth from the face of the support as shown in the Figure 6.6.
c) The requirements for minimum reinforcement should be checked and a suitable
arrangement of links should be chosen.
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Table 6.1: νRd concrete strut capacities for calculations of shear in beams
4. If vEd1 is greater than vRd then see the design procedure 2 for use of other values of
class of concrete.
5. If vEd1 is not greater than vRd then use θ = 22 ° and follow steps 6 – 11.
6. Find VEd2 = shear force at a distance d from the face of the support.
7. Find vEd2 = shear stress at a distance d from the face of the support = VEd2/(0.9bwd ).
Asw/s = 0.4vEd2bw/0.87fyk.
10. Consider the following limits to the spacing of the links along the beam:
Minimum spacing 75 mm
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11. Choose a link size Asw and link spacing s so that Asw/s is not less than the values
from steps 8 and 9. Table 6.3 may be used for single links, and other arrangements
Table 6.3: Area of Shear Links Asw/s (mm2/mm) for Various Link Sizes and
Spacings (based on two legs per link)
This procedure determines the shear reinforcement needed at the support. In many
beams it is possible to use less shear reinforcement towards the centre of the span
where the shear force is lower, and this can often be achieved by using the same size
of links but increasing the links spacing s.
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Example 6.1
A simply supported reinforced concrete beam with an effective span of 7.0 m is 500 mm
deep overall by 250 mm wide. Width of support =150 mm. It supports the following
characteristic loads:
The concrete is grade C40/50, and 25-mm cover is required to all reinforcement.
Determine the shear reinforcement required.
Solution:
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The figure below shows part of the Shear Force diagram. The values in the diagram are
calculated below:
From Table 6.3, with Asw/s not less than 0.25 mm2/mm,by interpolation.
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If vEd1 is greater than vRd then use the following procedure for use of other values of θ
up to 45 °.
1. Calculate the ultimate design shear forces VEd along the beam’s span.
2. Check the crushing strength VRd,max of the concrete diagonal strut at the section of
For most cases the angle of inclination of the strut is Ө = 22o (cot 2.5) and tan Ө = 0.4,
so that VRd,max can be calculated using the expression:
And if VRd,max ≥ VEf with Ө = 220 and cot Ө = 2.5 then go directly to step 3. However,
if VRd,max <VEf then Ө>220 and therefore Ө must be calculated from the following
expression:
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or
VEf
0.5 sin 1 45 0
VRd ,max( 45 )
If this calculation gives a value of Ө > 450 then the beam should be re-sized or a higher
class concrete could be used.
2
where Asw is the cross-sectional area of the legs of the links (2 X 4 for single stirrups)
For a predominantly Uniformly Distributed Load the shear VED should be calculated at a
distance d from the face of the support and the shear reinforcement should continue to
the face of the support.
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Example 6.2
The beam shown below spans 8.0 m on 300 mm wide supports. It carries a uniformly
distributed ultimate load of 200 kN/m. Check if the shear reinforcement in the form of
vertical links shown is sufficient. Given fck = 30 N/mm2)
Solution:
Shear, VEd distance d from face of support= 770 – (200 X 0.65) = 640 kN
Step 1
Step 2
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Check the crushing strength VRd,max of the concrete diagonal strut at the face of the
beam support.
Step 2
VEf
0.5 sin 1 45 0
VRd ,max( 45 )
Step 3
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ASW 226
1.29
s 175
ASW
VRd , s x0.78df yk cot
s
Design shear, VEd distance d from the face of the support = 640 kN (<781 kN)
Therefore, the beam can support the ultimate UDL of 200 kN/m in shear.
Step 4
Ensure there is sufficient curtailment of the tension reinforcement and its anchorage
bond length at the supports.
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Problems
1. Design the shear reinforcement for the simply supported beam which is
supported on300 mm wide supports at shown below. Given:
fck = 50 N/mm2
d=400
2000
2ф25
300
200
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Assignment
The figure shows a floor plan of a two storey building. The following data are given:
fck = 30 N/mm2
Reinforcement Cover = 25 mm
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