Law of Torts

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SYLLABUS

LAW OF TORTS
SEMESTER III

Course Teachers: Dr. Dipak Das, Dr. Kiran Kori & Ms. Vinita Tripathi

Module I: INTRODUCTION

 Definition, Nature and Scope of Law of Torts


 Torts and Crime
 Torts and Contract
 Essential Elements of Law of Torts.
 Pigeon Hole Theory

Cases:

1. Municipal Corporation Delhi vs. Subhagwanti, AIR 1966 SC 1750


2. Ashby v. White (1703) 2 Lord Raym 933
3. Bhim Singh v. State of J&K, AIR 1968 SC 494
4. Gloucester Grammer School case 1410
5. Mayor of Bradford v. Pickles (1895)

Module II: : DEFENCES

 Specific Defences
 Volenti non fit injuria
 Act of God (Vis major)
 Inevitable Accident
 Necessity
 Private Defense
 Novus actus interveniens
 Statutory Authority
 Judicial and Quasi-judicial Authority
 Parental and Quasi-parental Authority
Cases:

1. Padmawati v. Dugganaika, 1975


2. Hall v. Brook Lands Auto Racing Club, 1933
3. Brown v. Kendall, 1850
4. Nichols v. Marshland, 1876
5. Kallulal v. Hemchand, 1958

Module III: PARTIES

 Capacity and Parties in Torts


 Joint and Several Tort-feasors
 Malfeasance, Misfeasance, Nonfeasance.

Module IV: LIABILITY

 Strict Liability – Introduction


 Rule in Ryland’s v. Fletcher
 Dangerous thing
 Escape of thing - Non-natural use of land
 Exceptions - Its criticisms.
 Absolute Liability – Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Case.
 Vicarious Liability – Introduction – Master and Servant – Doctrine of Common
Employment.
 Vicarious Liability of State

Cases:

1. Rylands v. Fletcher, 1868


2. Crowhurst v. Amersham Burial Board, 1878
3. Bolton v. Stone, 1951
4. M C Mehta v. UOI, 1987
5. Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. UOI, 1996
6. P & O Steam Navigation Co. v. Secretary of State, 1861
7. State of raj. v. Vidyawati, 1962
8. Kasturila v. State of UP,1965
9. Cassidy v. Minister of Health, 1951

Module V: NUISANCE and NEGLIGENCE

 Nuisance – Definition
 Types of Nuisance: Private, Public and Statutory Nuisance
 Essentials of Private Nuisance
 Remedies
 Defences
 Negligence – Definition
 Elements of Negligence
 Res Ipsa Loquitor
 Contributory Negligence
 Defences

Cases:

1. St. Helens Smelting Co. v. Tipping, 1865


2. Donoughe v. Stevenson, 1932
3. Glasgow Corp. v. Taylor, 1992
4. KSEB v. Suresh Kumar, 1986
5. Dr. Ram Raj Singh v. Babulal, 1982

Module VI: DEFAMATION

 Defamation – Introduction – Definition


 Libel and Slander – Its Differences
 Essentials of Defamation
 Innuendo
 Defences

Cases:

1. Cassidy v. Daily Mirror, 1929


2. D P Choudhary v. Manju Lata, 1997
3. T J Ponnen v. M C Verghese, 1970
4. Knapffer v. London Express Newspaper Ltd., 1944
5. D N Sen v. RK Bhadre, 1970

Module VIII: TRESPASS

 Trespass to Person
 Assault
 Battery – Mayhem
 False Imprisonment.
 Trespass to Land – Definition – Methods – Trespass abinitio – Remedies – Defences

Cases:

1. Six Carpenters Case (1610) 8 Co. Ref. 146


2. Bird v. Jones (1845) 7 QB 742
3. Bhim Singh v. State of J & K AIR 1968 SC 494
4. Rudal Shah v. State of Bihar (1983) 4 SCC 141
5. Ellis v. Loftus Iron Co. 1874 LR 10 CP 19

Module IX: REMEDIES

 Judicial Remedies
 Damages – Types of Damages – Remoteness of Damages
 Injunction – Specific Restitution – Constitutional Remedies.
 Extra – judicial Remedies: Self-help – Expulsion of trespasser

Module XII: CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986

 History and Development of Consumer Protection Laws in India


 Object and Reasons of Consumer Protection Act, 1986
 Definitions- Consumer Protection Councils
 Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies

References:
1. W V H Rogers, Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, Sweet & Maxwell, London.
2. R F V Heuston & R A Buckly, Salmond and Heuston on Law of Torts, Universal
Law Publishers, Delhi.
3. B M Gandhi, Law of Torts, E B C, Lucknow.
4. Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Law of Torts, Wadhwa, Nagpur.
5. R K Bangia, Law of Torts, ALA, Haryana.
6. G B Reddy, Law of Consumer Protection, Gogia Law Agency, Hyderabad.
7. S K Verma, A. Wani, S S Jaswal, A Treatise on Consumer Protection Laws, ILI, New
Delhi.
8. V. Balakrishna Eradi, Consumer Protection Jurisprudence, Lexis Nexis, New Delhi.

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