P2 Forces and Motion Mark Scheme
P2 Forces and Motion Mark Scheme
P2 Forces and Motion Mark Scheme
(a) 3 2
gains 2 marks
else working
gains 1 mark
(b) 2850 ecf 3
gains 2 marks
N
for 1 mark
else working
gains 1 mark
(c) friction/air resistance increases with speed; 3
till frictional = max forward force;
then force/acceleration is zero
for 1 mark each
(alternative limitation for safety gains 1 mark only)
[8]
units m/s2
for 1 mark
(b) (i) 2000 or 1960 1
for 1 mark
(ii) evidence of 2
work done 25
power = time taken or weight × speed (credit figures)/ 0.6
gains 1 mark
but
1200/1176 or figure consistent with (b)(i)
gains 2 marks
change in speed 40
or
3. (a) evidence of time taken 5 3
gains 1 mark
(credit 50/10 or 5 with 1 mark) NOT 40/10 or 50/5
but
8 [N.B. negative not required]
gains 2 marks
units metres per second per second
or (metres per second squared or m/s²)
for 1 mark
(b) (i) idea that 3
accelerates at first due to gravity
air/wind resistance
friction/resistance/drag with air increases with speed
eventually gravity and friction cancel balance
or
(no net/accelerating force) [NOT terminal velocity]
each for 1 mark
(ii) idea 1
a bigger resistance/friction/drag
at any given speed
(credit a bigger drag (factor))
for 1 mark
(c) evidence of × 10 / × 9.8 / × 9.81 1
or
750/735(75)
for 1 mark
[8]
or that 22 = 4
(b) (i) any evidence of concept of momentum or mass × speed 6
(or velocity) in words or figures
e.g. 9.5 × 20 or 0.5 × 40
gains 1 mark
but
correct values for momentum of lorry and car
i.e. 190 and 20 [ignore units]
gains 2 marks
but
initial momentum correctly calculated
170 or 190 - 20
gains 3 marks
THEN
evidence when calculating final speed of
idea that momentum is conserved
use of combined mass
each gain 1 mark
but
17 [or 0.1 × figure for initial momentum]
(NB direction not required)
gains 3 marks
(ii) kinetic energy is lost 1
for 1 mark
[credit (some kinetic) energy transferred as heat/sound]
[NB Accept only answers in terms of energy as required by the question]
[10]
7. (a) reference to 2
8. (a) evidence of 3
distance 100 40
speed = time (travelled) or 20 or 20
gains 1 mark
but or any correct calculation of gradient
(except when zero)
gains 2 marks
140
70 or 2
gains 1 mark
9. (a) 3.125 1
accept 3.1 or 3.12
(b) plotted at 1. 15 - 1.17, 1.24 - 1.28 1
across on the second from 1.2, up between first and
second line
ms–2 1
gains 1 mark
(ii) 2850 ecf 2
gains 2 marks
else working
gains 1 mark
(iii) air resistance/frictional forces increase with speed; 2
till frictional force = max forward engine force;
when acceleration is zero
(incorrect statement - 1 mark)
or
(limitation on maximum speed for safety-1 mark)
any two for 1 mark each
[9]
17. (a) Throughout the question the equation M = mv is credited once only. 3
This is the first time it appears. The mark scheme below assumes
it will appear in (i).
(i) M = mv m × v sufficient not m × s, mass × speed
= 1500 × 8
= 12 000
(see marking of calculations)
(ii) M = mv 2
M = 2000 × 1
= 2000
(see marking of calculations)
(iii) must be sum of (i) and (ii) 14 000 1
for 1 mark
(b) total mass = 3500 5
momentum = 14 000 (conserved)
M = mv or v = 14 000/3500
v=4
m/s
(c) (i) it reduces 1
for 1 mark
(ii) ke to sound/heat 1
for 1 mark
(iii) change smaller 1
for 1 mark
[14]
19. (a) W = 65 × 10 4
(allow a maximum of 3 marks if candidate uses
g=9.8N / Kg (as ecf))
gains 1 mark
but
W = 650 (N)
(allow use of p.e.= m × g × h)
gains 2 marks
but
PE change = 650 × 1.25 or 65 × 10 × 1.25
gains 3 marks
but
PE change = 812.5 (J) (allow 813J or 812J)
gains 4 marks
(b) k.e. = p.e. 3
gains1 mark
but
(speed)² = 812.5 × 2 / 65 or 812.5 = ½ × 65 × (speed)² ecf
a t
even if subsequent calculation correct
v -u
a t
can gain credit if subsequent calculation correct
(ii) 2 1
ignore + or signs
m/s2 1
accept m/s/s or ms 2
m a
m/s2 1
2
m/s/s or ms or metres per
second squared or metres per
second per second
(c) vehicle may skid / slide 1
loss of control / brakes lock / wheels lock
accept greater stopping distance or difficult to stop
due to reduced friction (between tyre(s) and road) 1
accept due to less grip
do not accept no friction
(d) any three from: 3
do not accept night time / poor vision
increased speed
reduced braking force
slower (driver) reactions
NB specific answers may each gain credit eg
tiredness (1), drinking alcohol (1), using drugs (1),
driver distracted (1) etc
poor vehicle maintenance
specific examples may each gain credit eg worn
brakes or worn tyres etc
increased mass / weight of vehicle
accept large mass / weight of vehicle
poor road surface
more streamlined
if candidates give three answers that affect stopping
distance but not specific to increase award 1 mark
only
[13]
m/s 1
to the right 1
(v) any one from: 1
conservation of momentum (applies)
no external forces
do not accept just ‘no (other) forces act’
friction is negligible / insignificant
no friction
no air resistance
(b) force = (change in) momentum ÷ time 1
or any correctly transposed version
4000 or 4 kilonewtons 2
dependent on correct or no equation
force = 5 ÷ 0.00125 gains 1 mark
[13]
m om
m v