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The Accounting System

Evidences provided through a chain of coding, cross referencing and documentation


concerning account balances and other summery results with original data
transaction data has to be cross checked. As accounting system focuses on
transactions, it should provide a complete audit for each transaction.

Effective accounting system should

a) identify and record all valid transactions


b) describe transactions in sufficient detail on time, to permit proper
classifications of transactions for financial reporting
c) measure and record transactions based on their proper value
d) present the transaction and related disclosures in the financial
statements properly

The accounting system consists of the methods and records established to identify,
assemble, analyse, classify, record and report an entity ’s transactions.

Elements of Control Procedure

Control procedures have the following elements:


1. proper authorization
2. segregation of duties
3. documents and records
4. access controls
5. independent check

Control procedures will be effective if:


1. management bodies act with in the scope of their activity to authorize
transactions

2. responsibilities for certain accounting operations, for example:


maintaining transactions and maintaining custody of asset (cash) are
segregated

3. documents are pre numbered and properly filed and records are
properly maintained

4. work performed by individuals or departments are to be verified or


independently checked by other persons or departments

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