Rwanda National Land Use and Development Master Plan - Appendix 3
Rwanda National Land Use and Development Master Plan - Appendix 3
Rwanda National Land Use and Development Master Plan - Appendix 3
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1.1 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH.............................................4 B. Health, Gender, Family Promotion and Child’s Protection............................................30
Step 1 - Getting Organized to Work with the IDDP and Identifying Stakeholders ...................5 Example in a District Development Plan ...........................................................................30
Step 2 - Setting the Vision for the IDDP from a National Perspective.....................................5
Step 3 – Analyzing the Situation.........................................................................................5 C. Economic Development and Job Promotion.................................................................33
Step 4 – Setting the Goals and Objectives for the IDDP.......................................................6
Step 5 – Establishing the Development Thrust and Spatial Strategies...................................6 D. Administration and Good Governance..........................................................................39
Step 6 - Conducting Hearings on IDDP...............................................................................6
Step 7 - Preparing the Detailed Draft IDDP .........................................................................7 E. Infrastructure, Water, Land, Housing and Urban Development.....................................41
Step 8 - Reviewing, Adopting and Approving the IDDP........................................................7
Step 9 - Implementing the IDDP.........................................................................................7 Imidugudu Development....................................................................................................41
Step 10 – Monitoring, Reviewing & Evaluating the IDDP......................................................7
Umujyi Implementation......................................................................................................43
Sustainable District Centre Development..........................................................................43
METHODOLOGY APPLIED FOR IDDP .................................................7 Informal Settlement Upgrading.........................................................................................43
BASE MAP.......................................................................................................................9 General Description.........................................................................................................44
POPULATION PROJECTED PER DISTRICT 2010-2020 .................................................14 Comprehensive Inventory................................................................................................44
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The major challenges in this Sector are linked to lack of experienced human resources Implementation of Projects for Tourism Development........................................................70
which impacts negatively on the will of the District to deliver rapid, quality and less Exploitation and Supply of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Resources........................70
expensive services. The financial potential of the District has not yet been .....................52 Revitalization of Transportation System............................................................................70
Conservation and Protection of Natural Biodiversity...........................................................70
1.6 RISK AND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS........................................52
1.10 PUBLIC CONSULTATION – PLAN PROPOSAL.....................74
1.7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION – SITUATION ANALYSIS ..................57
1.11 APPROVAL AND APPEAL PROCESS .................................74
1.8 PROPOSED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PLANNING
PERIOD 2012-2017..........................................................................57 1.12 PROTOCOLS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION............74
BINDING DIRECTIVES FOR LAND USE CHANGES OF AREAS AND HUBS OF NATIONAL Creating an IDDP Project Management GIS Application ...................................................74
INTEREST TILL 2020..........................................................................................................57 Project Objectives ...........................................................................................................75
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have in-house staff ‘custodian’ for follow-up and lack practical influence on decision-
This is the first attempt to present guidelines for Integrated District Development making and monitoring of development projects.
Planning. More elaborations of this guidelines will be made onwards for the rollout
of the institutional building projects to be implemented in 2012 .For the continuous
work it is proposed that a working group with participants from responsible
authorities ( MINALOC, NLC, etc.) jointly will be working with the task.. 1.1 Methodological Approach
District development Planning should utilize the best available scientific information to
identify and protect significant natural resources and to ensure the viability of both
The National Land Use and Development Master Plan is referred to as the Plan in the human and natural communities. Advancement in the fields of landscape ecology and
text. STUDA is an abbreviation for the Plan being used in some cases. IDDP stands conservation biology have led to a greater understanding of the importance of
for Integrated District Development Plan – the proposed modern concept for District protecting buffer areas, wildlife corridors, and other landscape characteristics essential
planning coordinated with the Plan. for healthy, functioning ecosystems. New innovative attempts to ‘modernize’ planning
and monitoring, such as the Pressure-State-Response Model, promise to make the
RATIONALES FOR A NEW CONCEPT work more effective. The approach found in these guidelines will introduce methods,
which make it possible to predict the socio-economic and environmental impact of
FOR DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT various decisions and discuss alternatives at an early stage. Indicators showing
whether plans promote or work against the achievement of socio-economic and
PLANNING environmental objectives are presented in different stages of the planning process.
While the District Development Plans (DDPs) are well placed to be prioritization and Furthermore, the approach will introduce the means by which these planning
implementation tools of the Plan, it is recommended that they be significantly principles can be incorporated into the consensus-based planning process that
improved to serve as adequate tools for good governance at local government level. ensures protection of significant natural areas and human communities. It makes it
Conceptual ideas on how to improve the current District Planning process to become possible to determine the total urban land supply, consider monitoring of land use
a comprehensive tool for planning, implementation and monitoring at local level has changes and project compliance to land use policies and guidelines and consider
been presented in Part II (see Chapter 4 ‘Housing and Urbanization’, pg 16 onwards). monitoring the deviation of the existing land use to the proposed structure plan or
The justification was well received by the stakeholders during the consultation period. zoning.
In the preparation of the Final Part of the Plan a Pilot Study involving three Districts:
Rubavu; Gasabo and Kayonza, was conducted to touch base with the day-to-day The approach will be primarily devoted to illustrating the
situation and to prepare guidelines for improved District development planning. The use of GIS as a decision support tool for sustainable
encounter underlines the need of a modern planning instrument. The general environmental solutions and to developing generic
impression is that it is a quite cumbersome situation at the local government level at procedures in generating alternative spatial strategies by
present; nobody seems to have a clear overview of the situation and projects using GIS technology in all the plan preparation steps. It
implementation in particular, too many uncoordinated progress reports are being will introduce the stakeholders to planning techniques and
requested by central government, and very late requests for attendance at various standards, GIS analysis techniques in the assessment of
meetings outside the District complicates the daily schedule at office. Moreover, the socio-economic, institutional, infrastructure and
existing District Development Plans, in reality prepared by consultants, seem not to environmental conditions, graphic user interfaces and
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developed formal decision support models. It will also explore the advantages of using Step 2 - Setting the Vision for the IDDP from a National Perspective.
remote sensing techniques, such as change detection analyses, for environmental The Ministry of Local Government, which has a leading role in the IDDP preparation,
monitoring. It will utilize GIS in, for example, the overlay analysis to determine suitable has Vision, Goal and Objectives for development at district level. These visionary
areas for the development of various public services and utilities. statements could (and should) not differ from other visions provided for the country
(Vision 2020) and be mirrored in the IDDP. Also the STUDA have goals, guidelines
Recommended steps in a comprehensive and integrated development approach for and planning standards that will have impact on District Planning. The specific
land use planning are outlined as follows: implications of the national targets must be described for the district so that duplication
of efforts and the risk of confusion among stakeholders and the general public is
The rationales for the IDDP, which identifies and describes the steps of the IDDP avoided. Likewise, the IDDP vision must reflect the NICI- 2010 Plan in which the
preparation, are summarized below. Leads for GIS as a tool in the IDDP preparation Rwandan Government is pursuing the creation of a knowledge-based economy, and
would then be to prepare information products which reflect that in which Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will play a central role. The
objective is to use ICT for poverty reduction through its catalytic and leveraging effect
¾ the Plan is both regulatory and catalytic at the same time ; on improving access to basic services such as education and health.
¾ the Plan Process will include a substantial amount of participatory planning Step 3 – Analyzing the Situation
or rather collaborative planning. Step 3 of the planning process - Situation Analysis - basically answers the question:
Where are we now? It is both analytical and diagnostic, geared towards identifying
Information Products can be defined as the instructive components that are issues, potentials and future development needs and spatial requirements of the
needed to present IDDP Steps in a comprehensive way and will consist of tables, city/nation. Assessment involves technical and participatory methods.
graphs and maps in both digital and paper based formats
In this step the first thing is to take necessary actions to gather the required data and
The following Steps are proposed and can easily be adopted into the prescribed to prepare a digital IDDP Base Map. It might be a lengthy process and it is, therefore,
phases/tasks of the IDDP Planning Process: important to ensure that a base map is readily available as soon as possible so
gathering of data for sector and cross sector analysis is not delayed.
Step 1 - Getting Organized to Work with the IDDP and Identifying Stakeholders
Anticipating and preparing for the resources that will be needed for the surveying and It is, likewise, recommended to prepare the demography data upon the base line
planning activities will lead to the smooth implementation and accomplishment of the studies and sector analyses that education, health, transport, agriculture, etc. will be
planning outputs on time. As regards data capture it is important to ensure that a ‘GIS based on. As there is only one vision set for the nation, one population projection for
Start Package’ -the resources needed for GIS activities- are readily available. It will the district should be agreed on.
mean that all the five components of GIS will be secured: hardware, software, human
resource development, data and methodology. Technical assessment is based on factual data derived from surveys, official
publications and records of the national agencies concerned and other entities.
Assessment involves the use of indicators such as proportions, rates, frequency,
quality/condition (e.g. severity, critical, etc.), standards and other parameters that are
vital in characterizing the situations.
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The result of the situation analysis will hopefully bring out a tailored specification of population projections. GIS is a useful tool for this as it makes the plan more
data that answers to the special requirement for sustainable development .The transparent to the general public.
consultation will also trigger the search –for data’ activity and the secondary source
data custodians should then be approached as early as possible in order to get all The Risk & Suitability Analysis Information Products will focus on the limitations
necessary information required for this step as the search and acquisition for the data and potentials originating from nature and man made/enforced restrictions/ rules and
is usually a lengthy process. regulations. These will provide the bases for some examples for the formulation of a
sustainable development plan for the district area.
In this Step, thematic spatial layers -Baseline Studies- need to be prepared for all
sectors and sub sectors included in the IDDP. The locations of service facilities,
infrastructure utilities, environmental prospects and constraints and land management
regulatory options and limitations as specified in the ToR need to be defined with an
accuracy that is acceptable for IDDP planning and analysis activities. Step 4 – Setting the Goals and Objectives for the IDDP
The next step after the data gathering and analysis is the formulation of goals and
objectives that will help the district to achieve its vision. It is important that the goals
and objectives reflect the “common good” or consensus of the broader community so
that implementation of the plan effectively engages all sectors, and ownership is
shared community-wide. A good way to achieve this is to conduct participatory goal-
setting processes in public settings where the Situation and Risk & Suitability Analysis
Information Products can be presented.
and to encourage ownership of the plan and gain support for its implementation. pattern for the projects taking into consideration its vision, mission, goals and
objectives as contained in the IDDP and accountability to the country.
GIS will be a useful instrument to translate the plan into a format that will be
understood by the stakeholders. The information products in the above step can be Step 10 – Monitoring, Reviewing & Evaluating the IDDP
printed out and displayed and/or be included in a PowerPoint presentation. The GIS enables the planner to readily extract data
from the database and IDDP project profile,
Step 7 - Preparing the Detailed Draft IDDP
It is at this stage where the location and details of the plan
components are put into final draft form. It also provides for more
detailed information on land use regulations/controls, among Thus, it will be easier for the Districts, NLC, MINALOC
other things. The GIS will be useful in furnishing templates which and other sector authorities and agencies concerned to manage/ implement projects
are based on map standards with regard to format and as well as share project information with stakeholders/contractors.
symbology.
With the IDDP and its implementation program established, assessment procedures
Step 8 - Reviewing, Adopting and Approving the IDDP for its effectiveness must be instituted. Monitoring review and evaluation are
The mandatory and comprehensive review of the IDDP by political performed to assess how fully and how effectively a plan is being carried out.
leaders, private sector and general public will take place in this step,
after which adoption, enactment and approval of IDDP by the Client will The combination of attribute and spatial data, which is a unique advantage of GIS,
take place. greatly facilities the measurement of development outcome and trends. As the GIS
software is developing strongly into more user-friendly interface it will also be easier to
GIS benefits from the excellence of the digital mode compared to the meet a growing demand for ‘political transparency’ and participatory planning.
tedious process of reviewing analogue maps which might be useful in
this step.
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Integrated District Development Planning (IDDP) could be one of the key tools for
local government to manage its developmental role as part of an integrated system of
planning and delivery. The IDDP process is meant to arrive at decisions on issues
such as District budgets, land management, promotion of local economic
development and institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a consultative,
systematic and strategic manner. Integrated Development Plans, however, will not
only inform the District management; they are also supposed to guide the activities of
any agency from other spheres of government, corporate service providers, NGOs
and the private sector within the District area.
The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more
effective delivery of both local and other services to communities and the general
public, and the creation of a framework for economic and social development in the
District. A number of links also exist between integrated development planning and
intended developmental outcomes.
Integrated development planning should also function as a catalyst for wealth creation
and distribution at local levels. It is intended to assist in the promotion of socio-
economic development through providing a more predictable framework within which
governmental, private or foreign investments will more easily be attracted. It will also
facilitate the creation of a more investor-friendly environment and the promotion of
local economic development.
And as stated before, the IDDP should also function as the implementation tool on the
Consequently, a modern concept for integrated district development planning is
Plan so binding directives regarding national interests should be respected in the local
proposed to be introduced to harmonize with the national Plan and to match future
development planning.
demands for equitable service provision through decentralized and participatory
decision making.
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BASE MAP ¾ Vector layers with a backdrop comprising of a composite of satellite imagery
The base map serves as a background layer for the preparation of various sector and orthophoto.
information. It may also be used for analysis of the characteristics and development
within the area of study. Different types of information may be reflected and overlaid in ¾ Only the vector layers.
the base map that would enable the user to visually relate development trends,
constraints, etc., in the area of study. Depending on the complexicity of the thematic information that will be presented the
Base Map can be customized and simplified so that thematic information will be
Generally, there are two kinds of base maps: a general (comprehensive) and a more highlighted.
detailed (cadastral) base map. A general base map reflects broad and more
generalized information. It is prepared to be used in a smaller scale and reflects the
boundaries of the whole study area, the major roads, settlement pattern/urban-rural
and important naming for easy reference and the important natural features such as
streams and rivers. This map is used in the preparation of need analysis maps base
on population distribution and population projection, general land uses and for
illustration purposes. The common denominator is the sector area. In a GIS, each
thematic sector can add layers with data from its own field that can be analyzed and
exposed in a comprehensive format. It is also important information in the context of
an audience that is not so ‘map literate’. For Rwanda, most of the districts can be
presented on the scale of 1:50,000 which is suitable to be placed in a display or just to
be hanged on the wall. The large districts like Kayonza, will need to be reduced to 1;
100,000 to be accommodated on A1 size. The map on the next page shows a
reduced example of a base map for IDDP planning purposes.
The detailed, cadastral, base map, on the other hand, is prepared in a much larger
scale and provides more detailed information. It gives detailed spatial and attribute
information about individual permanent features such as properties, building blocks or
even building footprints. The cadastral map constitutes the platform for many district
sector activities such as financial management and billing consolidation. The common
denominator is the parcel number, a unique set of digits assigned to each land parcel.
The parcel number is the ‘bridge’ between GIS data and all types of attribute data
captured in thematic applications. As soon as NLC has finalized the National Land
Registration Project, the district can be furnished with detailed cadastral information for
a separate plot, part of or the entire district.
On the next two pages two versions of the general Base Map are presented:
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The growth of the population per district is preferably illustrated by a series of maps
showing the increased population density. Population density is a key indicator for
economic growth, service and utility provision and risks for environmental degradation.
Please observe that areas of lakes and protected areas should be subtracted from the
total district area for better representation: (and data tables can be found in an
appendix of the IDDP) and the sector is being used for comparative analysis.
The projections, with data taken from the official provider ( NISR) shows, a clear trend
that Gasabo District will be pressured by increased population. By year 2020, the
south- western part of the district will have a higher population density than the north
and eastern parts.
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however, will not only inform the district management; they are also supposed to
guide the activities of any agency from other spheres of government, corporate
service providers, NGOs and the private sector within the district area.
The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more
effective delivery of both district and other services to communities, and the creation of
a framework for economic and social development in the district. A number of links
also exist between integrated development planning and intended developmental
outcomes.
to 13.3 percent of built up area and a density of 2582 km2 for Nyarugenge, it has high In the example on the next page the development potentials for kayonza district is
potential for agriculture unlike Nyarugenge. found (taken as an extract from the Plan). The potentials in a national comparison if
DISTRICT applicable in the IDDP it is possible to detail the potential per sector. For example
DISTRICT
URBANIZATION tourism would be more apparent in Mwiri and Murundi sectors.
Estimated Population
ANALYSIS 2010 Built-Up Area
Density
Land (Pop/ % of total
# Unique ID DISTRICT NAME (sqKm)* No sqKm) sqKm Land
1 0507 BUGESERA 1 222 318543 261 13,54 1,1
2 0404 BURERA 566 383003 677 2,46 0,4
3 0402 GAKENKE 703 384536 547 0,91 0,1
4 0102 GASABO 428 467678 1093 41,13 9,6
5 0503 GATSIBO 1 277 338461 265 41,13 3,2
6 0405 GICUMBI 827 429520 519 41,13 5,0
7 0202 GISAGARA 679 309778 456 2,42 0,4
8 0204 HUYE 582 312049 537 10,90 1,9
9 0208 KAMONYI 656 333074 508 1,62 0,2
10 0301 KARONGI 785 250420 319 3,27 0,4
11 0504 KAYONZA 1 365 303237 222 16,79 1,2
12 0103 KICUKIRO 167 273997 1644 30,50 18,3
13 0505 KIREHE 1 155 342955 297 23,57 2,0
14 0207 MUHANGA 648 316956 489 5,16 0,8
15 0403 MUSANZE 404 366667 907 10,61 2,6
16 0506 NGOMA 813 280732 345 9,30 1,1
17 0305 NGORORERO 618 337020 546 1,85 0,3
18 0304 NYABIHU 395 320444 812 3,73 0,9
19 0502 NYAGATARE 1 753 304608 174 15,20 0,9
20 0205 NYAMAGABE 1 090 334343 307 3,03 0,3
21 0307 NYAMASHEKE 733 388105 529 1,22 0,2
22 0201 NYANZA 672 268911 400 3,65 0,5
23 0101 NYARUGENGE 134 345802 2582 17,77 13,3
24 0203 NYARUGURU 792 279635 353 0,94 0,1
25 0303 RUBAVU 179 349443 1951 11,26 6,3
26 0206 RUHANGO 627 293537 468 2,96 0,5
27 0401 RULINDO 567 300025 529 0,75 0,1
28 0306 RUSIZI 560 396366 708 1,79 0,3
29 0302 RUTSIRO 520 315660 607 0,97 0,2
30 0501 RWAMAGANA 655 263291 402 4,81 0,7
TOTAL:
21 571 9 908 796 324,38
AVERAGE 648 10,81 2,4
AVERAGE EXCLUDING KIGALI CITY 563 8,70 1,2
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Performance indicators can be developed in line with national visions and targets to national priorities. The table below illustrates some of the key indicators and
assess the implementation of IDDP based on the existing situation according to the assessment tools that can be used in a pilot district context.
ADD MORE..
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The table below indicates the main characteristics of schools in Kayonza District.
Level of
school:
preparatory; Type of Site
Unique elementary; school; ownership: Number Number
ID for secondary; public; titled; of of Number of
school Name of school Sector Cell tertiary private; untitled Students Teachers classrooms
SCH_ID SCH_NM SECT NM CELL_NM SCH_LEV SCH_TP OWNER NO NO NO
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Physical
Condition:
Fair; ICT
Poor; Electricity: Water Laboratory: Library: Name of Telephone:
Critical. Yes; No pipeline Yes; No Yes; No headmaster Yes; No Photo
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The overall condition is defined based on the criteria in the table below:
PHYSICAL
COND ELECTRICITY WATER INTERNET
Fair Fair Yes Yes Yes
Poor Poor No Yes No
Critical Critical No No No
For example, in a case where there is no electricity, water and internet, then the
physical condition of the school is regarded as critical, but if it has electricity, water and
internet then, the physical conditions are fair and planning actions can be taken
accordingly.
The map below summarises the condition of schools in Kayonza District based on the
criteria above.
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According to health survey conducted by Ministry of Health, it was found out that
65% of Rwanda’s population has access to health facilities within the limits of the
set standards. However, 35% still lack health facilities within their proximity as
per the standard maximum walking distance. in reality one say that 5km
between health facilities is sufficient considering factors like; the number of
qualified health workers need for each health facility, the need for equipments,
and the economy of Rwanda in general.
The table below is an example on how data can be collected to illustrate the main characteristics of health facilities in Kayonza District:
Type of
health
facility:
District
hospitaL
(DH); Physical
Health Conditions
Unique Centre of the
ID for Name of (HC); Ownership of Water : Internet Facility: Name of
health health Name of Dispensary health facility: Electricity: Yes; Connection: Incinerator: Fair; Poor; Medical Telephone:
facility facility Sector Name of Cell (D) public; private Yes; No No Yes; No Yes; No Critical Health Officer Yes;No Photo
ID NM SCT_NM CELL_NM HEAL_TP HEAL_OWN ELT WPIP INT INC CON HEAL_ADM HEAL_TEL PHO
001 Mukarange Mukarange Kayonza HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Kazungu 747473
002 Gahini Gahini Kahi DH Private Yes Yes Yes Yes Fair Kamana 747474
003 Rutare Mukarange Rugendabare HC Public Yes no No Yes Fair Mpyisi 747475
004 Kabarondo Kabarondo Rusera HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Mahama 747476
005 Ruramira Ruramira Umubuga HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Robert 747477
006 Nyakabungo Mwiri Migera HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Gakwisi 747478
007 Rwinkwavu Rwinkwavu Mukoyoyo DH Public no Yes No Yes Poor Nshuti 747479
008 Gahini Gahini Juru HC Public no no No No Poor Sharangabo 747480
009 Ndego Ndego Byimana HC Public Yes no No Yes Fair Mahire 747481
010 Cyarubare Kabare Rubimba HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Bienvenu 747482
011 Rwinkwavu Rwinkwavu Mbarara HC Public Yes Yes Yes Yes Fair Manzi 747483
012 Karama Murama Murama HC Public Yes Yes No No Critical Gaga 747484
013 Ryamanyoni Murundi Karambi HC Public no Yes No Yes Poor Bora 747485
014 Rukara Rukara Rwimishinya HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Sehene 747486
A simplified presentation of the conditions of existing health care units can be made in the same way as for the education services, scoring electricity, water, incinerators, physical
conditions…….
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¾ A site within what has been defined for urban development of District
Centres is recommended to have priority over adjacent location.
It is clear that a high-quality national health status is relying on good governance of
health care and on the shaping of a healthy, safe and secure environment for all ¾ The centre must have at least one substantial value-added
citizens. The health care sector needs well-designed strategies to facilitate the manufacturing enterprise or large scale distribution depot within its
establishment of a professional, healthy and capable workforce. boundary which "exports" goods or services to its hinterland.
C. Economic Development and Job Promotion It should be observed that the priorities at the moment are just a result of a desk
top GIS analysis. As in many similar proposals found in the Plan’s, the proposed
Today there are about 450 trading centers, markets and combined trade centres
Market Centres should be scrutinized by the District authorities and result in
with markets, see for example a mapped representation in Part II Chapter 6:
adoption in the IDDP. Likewise, a study area for development around the
‘’Economy and Labour Market’’ . However, proper attribute information about the
location should be earmarked in the IDDP and no major land use change that is
trading capacity and access to technical infrastructure is nowhere to found. The
in conflict with the national interest will be allowed. An Action Area Plan shall be
Plan proposes that some of these should play a more active roles in the future to
prepared and approved by District Council before implementation.
connect trade of rural products locally, in a regional and national contexts and
even to some extent for the international market. Below is a schematic sketch of the design and components of a Market Centre.
Consequently, about 300 sites with existing market and trade centre – ‘(Rural)
Market Centres’ – has been identified and is found on the Plan’s Directives
Map’.
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The table below indicates the main characteristics of Trading Centres in Kayonza District
Type of the
Unique trading
ID for centre: with Waste Parking
the Name of a market; Physical Number Annual management: arrangement:
trading the trading market condition: of revenue fair; poor; fair; poor; Photo of the
centre centre only. fair;poor;critical vendors fees (Rwf) critical critical trading centre
TC_ID TC_NM TC_TP TC_COND NO FRW WST_MGT PKG_ARGT TC_PHO
with a
1 Kabarondo market Fair 2000 25,000,000 Fair Fair
with a
2 Mukarange market Fair 3450 50,000,000 Fair Fair
with a
3 Rukara market Poor 2453 15,000,000 Poor Poor
with a
4 Murama market Fair 1564 13,000,000 Poor Poor
with a
5 Murundi market Critical 756 10,000,000 Critical Critical
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AGRICULTURE The strategy for the development of this sector must emphasize techniques combining
development of urban and intensive farming in rural areas to counter the decrease in
Looking at overall poverty-reduction effects, based on the 6% annual growth in cultivatable land which is rapidly being converted into urban housing estates.
agricultural and non –agricultural sectors, agricultural growth is more important at both
the national and household levels. While agriculture contributes 50% of total GDP Priority crops include cassava, beans, sorghum and bananas. In small swamps,
growth, it also contributes over 60% of the reduction in national poverty rate. the population grow legumes, like cabbages, onions, tomatoes, eggplants etc.
The promotion of modern farming has not yet taken root in all Sectors, except
According to the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, many of the radical
soils have been degraded due to high rainfall, uneven relief conducive to erosion
and over farming. More than half of the soils in Rwanda are, thus, unsuitable for In the urban areas there are small agricultural activities like growing of legumes
intensive cropping. Best soils for agricultural purposes are found in parts of the on individual basis in marshlands of the District. Nevertheless, there are certain
Central Plateau, the Volcanic Region, Bugarama and part of the Mutara region. swamps which, if transformed into agriculture use can be used intensive
Consequently the Binding Directives Map identifies these areas of national agriculture. The farmers shall be mobilised to grow crops suitable for existing
interest for agriculture development; see Textbook Chapter 2 “Binding markets.
Directives”.
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The Map below shows administrative offices and their conditions base on the
indicators shown in the table below.
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P L A N - A P P E N D I X 3
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.
E. Infrastructure, Water, Land, Housing and Urban reduce the existing gap in accessing infrastructure and social services; to involve and
make local authorities and the community more aware of their responsibilities with
Development regard to the development and management of the settlement by means of
Integrated urban planning process. Urban development as a results from any endogenous building technologies and production of cheap, sufficient and decent local
urbanization process is neither limited to physical infrastructure nor to housing estates. materials. Besides, the policy shall be a platform to put in place sound mechanisms for
It also hinges on economic, political, social and institutional factors. Urban mobilizing internal and external resources needed for a long-term funding of affordable
development requires to avail - also at local level - suitable planning and regulatory settlements. The policy shall be endowed with an institutional framework, adapted and
tools, to build capacity and to mobilize both for public and private sector involvement flexible legal and regulatory instruments that meet the great demand and technical
the required financial means and resources to plan and to improve urban and rural requirements of rational planning. (Updated National Human Settlement Policy 2009)
settlements - this towards improving people’s living conditions including those of the
less advantaged majority. It is also indicated that directed, planned and controlled Umudugudu is defined as a mode of planned settlement made of between 100 and
urbanization should be considered as an opportunity and a driving force for 200 houses by site in rural areas. Measurements of plot reserved for « Umudugudu »
development - each town is to be given a specific objective, e.g. tourism, industry and range from 10 to 20 hectares with a possibility or capacity of extension and as far as
culture), and its architectural designs will take such objectives into account. possible a space provided for various non-agricultural activities so as to allow the
Imidugudu Development population to earn their lives. The combination of all these elements constitutes the
In the framework of preserving land for optimal use, Rwandan Government has Umudugudu
been implementing the policy of clustered habitat (Imidugudu). In the urban as
well as rural areas, all new constructions are being compulsorily clustered on a An Action Area Plan should be prepared for the proposed imidugudu sites following
plot located in a specific area allocated for this purpose. Even constructions to the guidelines in the plan. (See Appendix 4).
be rehabilitated are compulsorily transferred to the area mentioned above.
Accordingly, it is foreseen that future, dwelling constructions will be totally Consolidation of villages and rural centres aims at providing facilities and other
located off most arable land. supporting infrastructure in these sites. The objective of this programme is to bring all
the sites in Umidugudu to an acceptable level in terms of access to social and
In the same vein, no construction is allowed in swampy areas. Several economic services. Lack of access to clean water has been cited as the main
marshlands, however, are being prepared and others are used for producing complaint against most of the first imidugudu established in the past. Priority must
food crops such as cereals, vegetables and flowers. therefore be given to water supply in the villages and existing rural centres. Water
supply networks established in the framework of scattered settlement system must be
The development of a sustainable human settlement policy in Rwanda aimed at readapted to this new fact.
Umudugudu-oriented planning based on a participatory approach and an urban
planning requiring land security and area allocations. The same planning took into Besides water, villages should be provided with energy sources such as (biogas, solar
consideration the complementarity between urban and rural development. Moreover, energy, Aeolian, micro-stations) and connected to the national power network, where
it should ensure to all Rwandans decent housings as well as more salubrious, viable, possible. Research must be carried out on renewable energy such as solar and wind
equitable, sustainable and productive human facilities. The projected policy is likely to energy so as to improve the housing and work conditions in villages.
A systematic Imidugudu Rural Settlement guidelines are currently being prepared, see Appendix 4 of the National Land Use and Development Master Plan.
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The map below shows the distribution of Imidugudu site in Kayonza district
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Umujyi Implementation a cross-cutting process that seeks to co-ordinate and align all dimensions and sectors
Sustainable District Centre Development engaged in development by formulating integrated development strategies that are
socially, economically and environmentally sustainable.
Integrated District Development Planning (IDDP) is one of the key tools for local
government to manage its new developmental role. In contrast to the relatively narrow
Integrated development planning is intended to lay a new foundation for community-
role planning had in the past, integrated development planning is now seen as a
building, through inclusively creating a shared vision for the future development of the
function of district management, as part of an integrated system of planning and
District area jurisdiction. It should focus on developing consensus around strategic
delivery. The IDDP process is meant to arrive at decisions on issues such as district
developmental priorities, ideally transcending party-political debates and fostering a
budgets, land management, promotion of local economic development and
new grasp of, and commitment to the challenges of poverty alleviation, local economic
institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a consultative, systematic and
development and environmental sustainability.
strategic manner. Integrated Development Plans, however, will not only inform the
district management; they are also supposed to guide the activities of any agency
Integrated development planning is also a strategic framework that is intended to
from other spheres of government, corporate service providers, NGOs and the private
improve District governance through aligning the financial resources and human
sector within the district area.
capacity of the district with the implementation of strategies, programs and projects
that aim to address the prioritized needs of the more deprived, while maintaining the
The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more
existing infrastructure and economic activities in the district.
effective delivery of both district and other services to communities, and the creation of
a framework for economic and social development in the district. A number of links
It is, most fundamentally, a mechanism to achieve local government transformation.
also exist between integrated development planning and intended developmental
The planning process will determine the strategies and functions that will inevitably
outcomes.
lead to changes to district structures, forms and processes, resulting in a range of
operational strategies that should ensure that the district is able to deliver effectively,
Integrated development planning should also function as a catalyst for wealth creation
efficiently and economically on the development priorities, objectives, strategies,
and distribution. It is intended to assist in the promotion of socio-economic
programs and projects identified in the planning process. However, this will be an
development through providing a more predictable framework within which
incremental process.
governmental, private or foreign investments will more easily be attracted. It will also
facilitate the creation of a more investor –friendly environment and the promotion of
Integrated development planning is a vehicle to expedite delivery. The consultative
local economic development.
process is intended to ensure a well-informed, fast-track decision-making process that
addresses areas of conflict as they arise at grass-roots level, and broadens the sense
Integrated development planning is a means of improving the quality of people’s lives
of ownership of the outcome.
through the implementation of integrated and sustainable programs and projects. It is
Informal Settlement Upgrading intervening in a particular settlement. In general, in an informal settlement, the internal
Informal settlements are complex, dynamic social systems that, in many cases, social and political dynamics tend to be characterized by both solidarity and schism.
experience continual change. In occupying land informally, residents are often While solidarity may prevail in dealings with the external agents, schisms occur within
prepared to flout the law in the hope of improving their lives. Accordingly, there are a community groupings in the implementation of deals made with the authorities and in
few general characteristics that an external agent should be aware of prior to the day-to-day operation of a settlement. The quality of leadership and the power
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wielded by community leaders is an important factor in upgrading projects. In many proposed, which focuses on the more technical parts of cadastral activities. Before
cases, it is naïve to think that a project can be set up that will “solve the problem” on application of the model, the legal situation regarding land tenure must be clarified and
time and within a defined budget. While recognizing that such situations can at best be the model adapted to the legal situation.
alleviated rather than solved, both social and spatial information are critical in
assessing a situation and initiating appropriate strategies for improvement. Upgrading of an informal area will include an element of resettlement of individual
families living in the area. If resettlement is necessary, new areas for housing need to
The legal integrity of a system of enforceable agreements requires that official land be identified and people need to be motivated to move. These processes, which form
tenure records be held to be legitimate by all parties concerned. Otherwise, the part of many upgrading projects, are not further analyzed here.
record, and indeed the system, has little value as a land administration resource. One
way of cultivating such legitimacy is to make the processes of data acquisition and In upgrading projects, the question of registration of land rights ought to be tackled first
information management participatory and transparent. To further enhance the before water, road or any other infrastructure is being upgraded. The improvements
legitimacy of the information, it is also important that community members are able to will increase the value of the area as a whole and of each specific property in the area.
understand it With increased estate values there is a great risk that disputes concerning ownership
of buildings and boundaries will arise. If the inhabitants of the settlement get security
General Description of tenure, it is more likely that they will participate fully in the upgrading, as they feel
Models for the development of registered land rights in urban areas will differ safe that they can stay on their plots. The sense of security will also increase the
according to the actual situation in the area. In principle the following alternative desire to improve their own buildings and the environment.
situations can be identified:
Properly registered tenure in a settlement makes it possible to charge rates from the
owners, which can be used to cover the cost of maintenance of the water system and
¾ Iimprovement of the registered land rights in areas where formal other investments in infrastructure. Without such registration it is difficult to control the
rights to land already exist; growth of the settlement. Improvements will attract more people to settle which might
make problems worse if the informal tenure is not registered.
¾ Introduction of a registered land rights for new development .
areas;
Comprehensive Inventory
¾ Introduction of a registered land rights in areas with informal rights It would be an advantage if a comprehensive inventory should be performed. It is
to land ; obvious that such compilation is not found today,. The end result should be a
presentation of existing urban areas within the district centres with a high proportion of
¾ Informal rights recognized by legislation; informal settlements with a low degree of tenure security. To be able to make
priorities, a special matrix for notational topology of urban categories, degree of
¾ Informal rights based on traditional tenure; security and associated property rights (or other relevant systematic classification)
should be conducted the municipal planning offices and the units for Settlement.
¾ Informal rights are illegal. Further, other stakeholders such as NGOs involved in community development
should be invited to provide information. At this initial stage it will be a desktop
The differences between the areas mainly concern the legal situation regarding land
tenure. These differences will not be further analyzed here. Instead a model is
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exercise using secondary source information and without involving the dwellers in the At the same time it is recommended to map ‘vacant’ land which tentatively might
areas. suitable (and available) for new residential areas for low-income groups.
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Transportation;
A core emphasis is necessarily on roads; high quality roads replacing the existing Road Standards that should be applied for new roads and upgrading of roads. It is
roads and with new or upgraded roads connecting settlements. Roads and road right- there recommended for national sector planning as well for District and Urban
of-ways are the most important element of the transport system, and their safety is a Development Plan that standards for the road system are agreed on and applied in
prime characteristic. So far the Plan preparation has not come across a set of Nation the future
The table below illustrates the condition of roads in Rubavu District
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The Map below shows the distribution of Power lines and Transformers in Gasabo District. It also presents proposed power lines to be built during the planning period based on
RECO”s Sector Development Program.
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An energy system optimization model was run to present different power supply
scenarios that are economically and environmentally optimal for Rwanda in the year
2020. As a result, annual fuel consumption, annual electricity supply, electrical power
generation and annual heat supply are presented.
The scenarios which are analyzed with this model are the Low Growth and the High
Growth Scenarios. Total current electricity capacities are calculated to approximately
85.3 MW. In 2020 the calculated total required electricity capacities for the Low
Growth and High Growth Scenarios are 170 MW and 438 MW respectively, which
means that current electricity capacity needs to be doubled and tripled respectively to
meet the forecasted electricity needs in the Low Growth and High Growth Scenarios
in the year 2020.
Waste Management
Solid waste
Estimates from 2006 put the amount of municipal solid waste generated in Kigali at All solid waste is disposed of without adequate treatment or site preparation. Few
0.6kg, / person / day. If this figure is extrapolated across all urban centers, the annual urban centers have any for m of centralized collection. In Kigali, around 40% of all
generation of municipal waste is approximately 940 Tones/day2. Around 75% of all municipal waste is collected. Only one landfill (Nyanza) exists. This has not been
household waste in Kigali is organic3. No data exists for waste generation, collection or designed to prevent environmental contamination and causes a number of problems
handling outside Kigali. It is assumed that in rural areas, organic waste makes up a including dispersal of leachates, emission of methane gas and frequent burning of
larger proportion of the waste stream. waste4.
Figure 1: The land-fill at Nyanza collects around 100 tons of waste per day Plans exist for the site to be shutdown by 2013 and a new waste dump built. The new
site will apply a modern semi-aerobic landfill technique with the ability to harvest
methane. The proposed site and progress of this project is unknown.
Toxic waste
Little is known about the location or extent of toxic waste. Sites of concern include the
Nyanza landfill, the major hospitals, coffee processing and manufacturing sites, and
fertilizer and pesticide handling stations. See Figure below for a display of known risk
2 In reality per capita waste generation at most urban centres is likely to be lower than Kigali. The
areas.
main issue is not the exact figure but the order of magnitude of waste generation and the threat
from poor waste management and rising material consumption.
Waste Water substrate and depth to groundwater. Landfills require a minimum buffer of 500m and
Almost all wastewater generated in Municipalities is untreated. Most households rely should ideally be positioned further from cultivated and highly populated areas.
on pit latrines or septic tanks for human wastes. When septic tanks fill, they are either
emptied manually nearby or transported by truck to unprepared and unmanaged F. Human Resource Development and Supporting
dumpsites. In many cases, wastewater collection systems empty into nearby drains. Services
Some small sewerage networks exist but data on the age, distribution and
The major challenges in this Sector are linked to lack of experienced human
effectiveness of these is not available. The limited testing that has been conducted
resources which impacts negatively on the will of the District to deliver rapid, quality
shows water bodies are increasingly polluted by human and animal wastes. This
and less expensive services. The financial potential of the District has not yet been
poses a human health risk and threatens aquatic ecosystems.
exploited and it is believed the number of taxpayers and their capacity to pay taxes
Problems from wastewater are exacerbated by the fact that many of the poorer
has been under estimated. Similarly both the human resource and the District financial
Districts and unplanned urban areas occur close to water bodies and low-lying
system requires capacity building.
cropping areas. People in these settlements have no ability to build sewers, so
contamination of both surface and groundwater is common.
1.6 Risk and Suitability Analysis
District Planning Implications
Compared to the existing DDPs this is a new chapter that is being introduced in the
All District Centers should allocate land to the collection, storage and treatment of
integrated district development planning.
waste. This would include land within built up areas specifically for the collection of
household waste. The volume of waste generated and access by collection vehicles The Risk & Suitability Analysis Information Products will focus on the limitations
should determine allocated space. Facilities such as separate bins should also be and potentials originating from nature and man made/enforced restrictions/ rules and
provided to allow easy separation of organic and recyclable material from the waste regulations. These will provide the bases for some examples for the formulation of a
stream. Areas for waste collection would be allocated at the edge of dense sustainable development plan for the district area.
settlements with limited vehicle access.
Districts should be mapped into local waste ‘catchments’ that reflect topography,
density and type of waste generated. Specific land requirements for these facilities will
depend on the population size and type of waste collected.
Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a proven method for land-use
All larger district Centers (>50,000 people) require a landfill. Capacity should be based planning purposes. MCDA can be described as a process that transforms and
on population projection of the total waste catchment – including population growth in combines geographic data and value judgments (the decision makers’ preferences) to
adjacent Districts that do not have a landfill. obtain information for decision making. In the planning work the focus has been to
develop a nation wide GIS model, containing all land-uses accommodated in three
Criteria for positioning landfills must include ease of vehicle access; drainage, flooding main land-use categories: urban, agriculture and environment.
and land slide risk; proximity to settlements and cultivated land, and the porosity of
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MCDA are often integrated in Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS). An SDSS is on slope, the Districts most vulnerable to erosion lie in the north and west of the
an application that uses analytical methods and models to define alternatives, it is able country. The map below shows the Districts of Gicumbi, Gakenke, Nyambihu, Rulindo
to analyze their impact, and interpret and select the best option for implementation. and Muhanga as having the greatest proportion of land above 13 and 25 degrees.
Three main stages in the process of land-use planning: (1) an evaluation of land
suitability for each land-use type; (2) the optimization of the different land-use areas;
(3) the spatial allocation of land-uses.
The GIS model is largely based on the Land-Use Conflict Identification Strategy
(LUCIS) model. The LUCIS model does not have a specific focus on a certain type of
land-use planning, and is therefore particularly suitable for regional and countrywide
planning. It consists of three general models, describing the suitability of urban,
agriculture, and environment components. Finally, these three land-uses are
combined to identify conflicts.. Many of the goals, objectives, and sub-objectives that
described the earlier mentioned land-use categories were adopted from the original
model. However, a significant number of them were dropped, and new were created
to suit the Rwandan situation.
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1.8 Proposed Land Use Development during the Planning Period 2012-2017
BINDING DIRECTIVES FOR LAND USE CHANGES OF not need to precede local ones, and where the latter may be encouraged to utilize
their local natural and human resource characteristics to enhance the character of
AREAS AND HUBS OF NATIONAL INTEREST TILL local context land uses. ‘
2020
This (together with the Map presenting the Final Plan, 1:250,000) is an important, The demarcated areas and hubs of National Interest on the Map presenting the Final
maybe the most important, part of the Plan. The Draft Bill, see Appendix 1: Plan (1:250,000) determine and designate the location and/or nature of guiding and
‘Proposed Legislation’, specifies the purpose in the following way (article 8): binding land use development 2010-2020 indicate that the specified land use has the
highest priority in the concerned areas and that other land uses have to respect that. It
‘ All government organs, including a district, City of Kigali or similarly entrusted also implies that the national sector (strategic) plans, (Integrated) District
administrative entity, shall be bound by the Rwanda Land Use and Development Development Plans and Urban Development Plans must show in an explicit way that
Master Plan to adhere to its binding aspects of land use and development planning. they have observed the guiding and binding aspects of the Plan and the reasons
These aspects concern land use and development and its distribution affecting also behind. Once the Plan has been approved by the parliament, the responsible
sector interest management, be they spatial or process orientated, or, otherwise, authorities must not propose, adopt or implement any land use in their plans that will
where overall national interests must precede local ones. be in conflict with the areas and hubs of national interest pointed out in the Final Plan,
Land use and infrastructure development influencing or connecting to neighboring
All government organs, including the district, City of Kigali or similarly entrusted districts should be coordinated, that is aligned and harmonized, before
administrative entity shall be guided by the Rwanda Land Use and Development adoption/approval of the (Integrated) District Development Plans respectively.
Master Plan. Such guidance concerns land uses and sector interests management,
be they spatial or process orientated or otherwise, where overall national interests do
The Map below shows an extract of Kayonza district from the National Map of Directives for Sustainable Land Use Planning 2010-2010
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Table 2 : Binding Directives for Land Use Changes of Areas and Hubs of National Interests till 2020
Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for urban expansion. The preparation and adoption of MININFRA
sound urban development: an Urban Development Plan (approved by District Council) should
precede implementation of major land use changes.
SE1 Point -Prioritized District Centre for urban Points out the District Centres to coordinate public investments for MININFRA; MINALOC
development urban development for the planning horizon up to 2020 (yellow Which of the District Centres shall have prioritized
Scenario). An Urban Development Plan shall be prepared. and coordinated development support till Year
2020?
The remaining District Centres to be developed if more resources Is the land consumption proposed for expansion
are available for the planning horizon up to 2020 (Green Scenario). in the Kigali Master Plan feasible and viable?
SE2 Polygon -Delineated area for urban Area reserved for urban development. The responsible authority is MININFRA; MINALOC
development requested to establish an urban policy for sustainable development
according to the Plan’s Umujyi concept. An Urban Development
Plan shall be prepared.
SE3 Point (Area and) hub of national interest Reserved for an Education Sector Plan initiative to provide equal MINEDUC
for education distribution of tertiary education hubs in the country and to promote Consultation has cleared out the land use
district development potentials. The proposed geographic location requirement from the sector authority
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SE4 Point (Area and) hub of national interest Reserved for a Health Sector Plan initiative to provide equal MINISANTE
for health. distribution of secondary health hubs in the country and to promote Consultation has cleared out the land use
district development potentials. The proposed geographic location requirement from the sector authority
is an indication in a national perspective and the site location will
further be looked into in the respective IDDP.
SE5 Point -First Priority ‘Market Centre’ (A Reserved for the development of market activities of an existing MINICOM
trading centre with a market) trading centre cum market. The centre must be located in close What should be the criteria for selection and
proximity to a main (national/district?) road; at least 10 Km away prioritization?
from a centre of similar function. The centre must have at least one
substantial value-added manufacturing enterprise or large scale
distribution depot within its boundary which "exports" goods or
services to its hinterland.
SE6 Polygon -Valuable agriculture land Fertile land reserved for increased agricultural production to attain MINAGRI
national food security and increased exports to improve foreign Is there a nationwide agreed classification of
exchange earnings and employment opportunities. New farmland where the most fertile land can be
development other than Imidugudu villages should be restricted, in identified?
order to preserve valuable agricultural land. Alternative sustainable
solutions for technical infrastructure should be encouraged, for
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SE/ Point -Site purposed for Imidugudu Two sites should be in a distance of (more than) 4 kilometers from MINALOC
Settlement each other. Is the distance criterion of 4 km as stated in the
planning guidelines still relevant?
Careful analysis to restore and maintain ecological balance should
proceed establishment of the sites located at the map. An Action
Area Plan shall be prepared and approved by District (and
Sector?) Council before implementation.
Point or Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for increased forestry production to attain national MINIFOM
polygon sustainable forestry production balance between logging and planting and to form employment
opportunities. Forests should be accessible for recreation. Penalty
should be paid for littering and illegal cutting.
SE8 -Corridor to protect and create No support for continued agricultural production will be provided by
biodiversity the government. Compensation for a landowner who wants to
facilitate the land use change towards forestry land use will be
given.
SE9 - Land with a slope exceeding 40 No government support for maintained agricultural production will Is 40 degree slope acceptable?
degrees be supported. Program for tree planting will be provided for land
owner who wants to change existing farmland towards forestry
land use.
Point or Area and hub of national interest for Natural resource reserved for the exploitation of Rwanda’s mineral MINIFOM
polygon sustainable mining exploitation. wealth within acceptable environmental parameters and
encouragement of safe and healthy mining practices. An
Environmental Impact Assessment must proceed implementation
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SE10 Point -Mineral deposits No land use change be allowed that obstructs exploitation. MINELA
Consultation has cleared out the land use
requirement from the sector authority.
What restriction regarding land use is caused by a
mineral deposit?
SE11 Polygon -Exploration and Exploitation No land use change be allowed that obstructs exploitation. Please MINELA
Concession areas observe that some concessions are found in Protected Areas that Consultation has cleared out the land use
must be resolved. requirement from the sector authority
What restriction regarding land use is caused by a
mineral concession?
SE12 Point or Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for major industrial development within acceptable MINICOM
polygon industrial development. environmental parameters. New residential development should Any major growth points projected outside Kigali?
not be permitted in industrial areas, in order not to impose
obstacles to industrial production. Attention should be given to
protect surrounding areas from negative environmental impact. An
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in combination with an
Action Area Plan (AAP) must precede implementation.
SE13 Point or Area and hub of national interest for Prioritized for the exploitation of Rwanda’s tourist assets within MINICOM
polygon tourism development. acceptable environmental parameters, fully utilize the country's Consultation has cleared out the land use
scenic and biophysical resources and cultural and historic sites requirement from the sector authority.
within environmentally sustainable limits.
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IS INFRASTRUCTURE
IS1 Polyline -Proposed new or improvement of A planning reserve of 60 M along both sides of the tentative MININFRA
National and District Road alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in No uniform classification of roads is found; are
the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict there plans to align and harmonize?
with the national interest will be allowed until the respective Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed
infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities. . (improved) road and if so how many meters?
IS2 Polyline -Proposed railway A planning reserve of 500 M along both sides of the tentative MININFRA; MINEAC
alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in Consultation has cleared out the land use
the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict requirement from the sector authority.
with the national interest will be allowed until the respective
infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.
IS3 Polygon -Proposed new international airport The area includes noise polluted area not suitable for residential MININFRA; MINEAC
land use. No land use change that is in conflict with the national OK with the directive?
interest will be allowed. An Environmental Impact Assessment A demarcation of the land needed for the airport
(EIA) in combination with an Action Area Plan (AAP) must area not yet found.
precede implementation
IS4 Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for major provider of water or environmentally sound
water provision and sanitation. waste management. No land use change that causes risk of
pollution will be allowed for a water source
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IS5 Point or -(Proposed) Protected source of Water body or ground reservoir strictly reserve for production of MININFRA
polygon major water supply clean water. Efforts should be made to protect watersheds and MINELA
catchment areas as a management tool for water resources Does the existing protection also gives prevention
conservation and protection. No activities or land uses that can for (drinkable) water production? If not shall
pollute the source are allowed in the area. Penalty should be paid certain water bodies be reserved in this respect?
for littering and polluting.
Point or -(Proposed) Major landfill and/or The area includes odor polluted area not suitable for residential MINELA/REMA
polygon recycling plant land use. No major land use change that is in conflict with the OK with the directives?
national interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure
plan has been approved by concerned authorities.
IS6 Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for the provision and distribution of energy (not only
energy/power supply: electricity) on a full cost recovery basis and increase the reliability
of supply and transmission to main consumption areas in the
country within environmentally sustainable limits.
IS7 Polyline -Proposed surfaced gas pipeline A planning reserve of 200 M along both sides of a tentative MININFRA
alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in Any land reservations here for the period up to
the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict 2020?
with the national interest will be allowed until the respective Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed
infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities. feature and if so how many meters?
IS8 Polyline -Proposed power line A planning reserve of 100 M along both sides of a tentative MININFRA
alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in OK with the directive?
the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict s there a need for a buffer around a proposed
with the national interest will be allowed until the respective feature and if so how many meters?
infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.
IS9 Point -Proposed energy production No major land use change that is in conflict with the national MININFRA
interest will be allowed. An Environmental Impact Assessment OK with the land reservation and the directive?
(EIA) in combination with an Action Area Plan (AAP) must
precede implementation.
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ICT:
IS 11 Point Cellular Communication Pylon Reserved for (mobile) phone transmitter. Sharing of pylons MININFRA; MINICT
between mobile providers is a mandatory requirement which OK with the directive?
among other implies a distance of at least 1 km away from a pylon
of similar function.
IS12 Polyline -Fiber transmission A planning reserve of 5 M along both sides of a proposed tentative MININFRA; MINICT
alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in No digital database available for the network.
the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national
interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure plan has
been approved by concerned authorities.
Existing data is only schematic and cannot be
inserted in the map. It is recommended that
responsible authorities initiates a survey that
results in a GIS database showing existing and
planned/proposed fiber network.
OK with the directive?
Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed
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EN ENVIRONMENT
EN1 Polygon -Protected Wetland Discharges of untreated waste water to the water bodies or the MINELA
ground should be forbidden. Waste water should either be What directives shall be used?
discharged into sewerage networks or be collected in watertight
reservoirs (cess-pools), and it should be treated before discharge.
EN2 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around A buffer zone of 50 M around the wetland, protected by special MINELA
protected wetland legislation, is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in OK with the land reservation and the directive?
the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national
interest will be allowed.
EN3 Polygon -Protected Forest Logging and charcoal production not permitted. MINELA; MINIFOM
What directives shall be used?
EN4 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around A buffer zone of 3 Km around the forest, protected by special MINELA; MINIFOM
protected forest legislation, is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in OK with the land reservation and the directive?
the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national
interest will be allowed. No sites for Imidugudu villages should be
allocated in the buffer zone.
EN5 Polygon Areas to be reserved to achieve Very strong incentives by the sector authorities both at central and MINELA; MINIFOM
Vision 2020 target of 30% forest local levels must be provided so that the individual farmer will shift OK with the land reservation and the directive?
cover of total land area from farming to productive forestry.
EN6 National Park National Parks shall be established for the protection of biodiversity RDB, MINICOM/TOURISM
and sustainable management of wildlife. In addition to the three
existing parks, new ones will be established to protect critical
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EN7 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around A buffer zone of 3 Km around the National Park, protected by The Plan’s proposal
National Park special legislation, is demarcated on the Map, which should be
applied in the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the
national interest will be allowed. No sites for Imidugudu villages
should be allocated in the buffer zone.
Buffer zones will be established around the national parks to RDB, MINICOM/TOURISM
provide them with additional protection.
RDB’s response during the consultation period for
Corridors will also be established where feasible to link the parks the Steering Committe
and to provide connectivity and gene flow. The actual width of the
buffer zones and corridors will be negotiated with the neighbouring
communities and other land-owners, according to the needs of
each park. The 3 km width proposed of buffer zones, is considered
unsustainable, considering the demographic pressures around the
parks.
EN8 Area and hub of national interest to National Monuments will be established, gazette and protected RDB
protect cultural heritage (National under appropriate law, for the protection of natural, geological,
Monuments) archeological, cultural or historical features of national, regional or
international interest or importance. No land use change that is in Are there any plans to record the locations?
conflict with the national interest will be allowed.
EN9 Point -Genocide Memorial Sites An inventory should be made by the responsible authority. MINISPOC
No digital database availabe
Protected by special legislation today?
Are there any plans to record the locations? What
directives shall be used?
It is recommended that responsible authorities
initiates a survey that results in a GIS database
showing existing and planned/proposed sites.
EN10 Pont -Historical and cultural monuments, Describes the heritage qualities in urban and rural landscapes. MINISPOC
buildings and, sites of high Penalty should be paid for littering and polluting. An inventory No data on locations available. It is recommended
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importance should be made by the responsible authority. that responsible authorities initiates a survey that
results in a GIS database showing existing and
planned/proposed monuments..
EN11 Point -Prioritized (Cooperative) Centre for Important hub for preservation and development of traditional arts No data on locations available. It is recommended
Art & Craft and crafts. An inventory should be made by the responsible that responsible authorities initiates a survey that
authority. results in a GIS database showing existing and
planned/proposed centres.
EN12 Polygon Area (and hub) of national interest to For existing built-up area exposed to hazards: Rezoning and/or MIDIMAR
prevent natural hazards: (land other measures to control development that respond to site What directives shall be used for risk
slides, flooding, volcano eruption conditions and reduces vulnerability to man-made and natural management
and earth quakes) hazards.
BM BASE MAP
BM6 Polyline National road A Right of Way of 22 M on both sides of the road centre line where Confirmed with MININFRA
no land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will
be allowed.
BM7 Polyline District road A Right of Way of 16 M on both sides of the road centre line where
no land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will
be allowed.
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BM10 Point Power line A Right of Way of 10 M along the line alignment where no land use
change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed.
Implementation of Projects for Improved Agricultural Production into forestry.Implementation of Projects for Economic Development with Emphasis on
Efforts to reform the agriculture sector to move from subsistence to cash crop farming Market Centres.
need to be supported by trade and economic incentives for the rural population.
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The ability to locate various indicators collected by the district could create a "needs"
oriented database for each subdivision of the District area (by sector), graphically
showing the various "needs" as they are distributed over the urban area. For
example, various health issues may be shown to exist in areas removed from projects
that could potentially affect these problems. A GIS-based project management
The
database can assist in the targeting of activities based on need, rather than
sector
perceptions or political/administrative bias.
officials often get questions from their sector members like: ‘what’s happening in the
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SOFTWARE
Project Objectives
The focus on Integrated District Development Planning with objectives to combat the Besides from MS Office, there is a need for ArcExplorer (freeware) which is a GIS
highly inequitable spatial distribution of resources within the fields of housing, browser for stand-alone computer. One ArcGIS license will also be needed for each
infrastructure and social services as well as imbalances between supply and demand District.
across sectors, stresses the need for relevant and updated District information which
can be analysed and presented in a District perspective. DATA AND INDICATORS FOR THE PROJECT
INFORMATION
The objectives is to establish a basic GIS application which tries to give the user
(politicians and other as well) the opportunity to have a quick access to an updated Attribute tables will be prepared presenting the projects that have physical relations to
source of information about the status of the various projects that have been decided the various sectors. The source of information is the list of projects included in annual
upon and currently are ongoing. budgets, Operating & Capital Budget Report, etc. and that has been approved by the
Council. There is a need to establish an interface between these sophisticated tables
RESULTS and the simple tables of attribute information in Excel format (see below) that
constitutes a part of the project management GIS. The respective sector departments
The result will be a basic project monitoring GIS prepared in liaison with the implementing IDDP projects will be responsible for the updating of the attribute
responsible departments of District encompassing all the components of the GIS to information of the project management GIS once it is up and functioning.
secure a sustained system for the future.
STAFF
PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
The staff assigned to computers needs to undergo a one-day end user training.
The most important limitations and obstacles to the operational use of GIS are not of a Further, specialised training needs to be given to councillors and staff persons at
technical nature. They are rather institutional, organisational, procedural, and management level who will use the project monitoring GIS for information, monitoring
information quality issues. To alleviate these obstacles, there should be a strategy and planning.
dealing with institutional mandates and linkages, human skills development,
technology strategies and financial management as well as ‘traditional’ GIS issues Designated data custodians need to be appointed who will be able to keep the
such as data and applications. Therefore, in order to get to a sustainable project records presented in the project monitoring GIS updated after training has been
management GIS, all the ‘big GIS five’ (Hardware, software, application, staff and provided.
data) have to be looked into. The activities below are recommended to be undertaken APPLICATION
in order to get the GIS application up and running:
As a first phase a very simple GIS will be prepared showing primary indicators and
HARDWARE performance of ongoing projects. The GIS will give an overview of the geographic
distribution of the projects and also gives an opportunity to compare the allocation of
It is assumed that the departments involved in the implementation of (IDDP) projects the projects between sectors. It will also facilitate the monitoring of projects and
are supplied with computers. It is also an option to connect via Internet in the future. present progress reports. The ESRI ‘hyperlink’ function will be used for an overview of
a project and the ‘information’ function will give details about the progress of the
project. The information is prepared and updated on a regular basis (quarterly?)
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according to the requirements of the Council. The attached Excel table layout shows a Infrastructure
proposed coding of column heads. spatial data
is
Population statistics will be added to the system and a few simple capacity/demand
analyses will be provided to be used for easy analyses.
When the users feel confident with the system, as a third step with more sophisticated
queries can be developed if there is a need for that.
The application will be coordinated with the ongoing NLC project ‘National Land
Registration Project’.
predominately polyline features
PROJECT ORGANISATION ENVIRONMENT
The IDDP GIS data consists of base data and a number of sector databases in the The ‘valid to’ tag. Identical to the tasks focused on in the IDDP environmental
fields of Socio-economic, Infrastructure, Environment and Land Management. In order analyses/strategies/programs. Environment spatial data is predominately polygon
to get the project management GIS up and running, there is a need to define the features but can sometimes also be represented as point objects.
common denominators for the system. For that, Technical Working Groups (TWGs) LAND MANAGEMENT
are needed to be put together to coordinate and to implement the work. The members
will be recruited from the departments. Thematic Task Teams carried out specific ‘The price tag’. It is an official public record of zoning and ownership thereby making it
aspects of the IDDP process and are small operational teams composed of a number the most reliable source of data with regards to legal land-use, ownership, boundaries
of relevant District sector department officials and technical specialists, who will later and areas.
be involved in the direct management of implementation of identified programmes and It serves as basis for land taxation and assessment of land values that can be inputted
projects. to fiscal resources of local government. Land Management spatial data is
predominately polygon features but can sometimes also be represented as point
SOCIO-ECONOMIC objects.
The ‘software issues’, such as the tasks that are highlighted in the IDDP social
analyses/strategies/programs. Socio-economic spatial data is predominately point
features.
INFRASTRUCTURE
The ‘man made features’. The infrastructure data serves as a chart of the location,
distribution, volume and type of infrastructure utilities within the sectors. Infrastructure
maps provide guide in planning activities like determining infrastructure
requirements/demands, locating infrastructure projects and identifying infrastructure
adding improvement.
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Summary of Projects
Brief
Descriptio
n about *Normally development projects
Category the can be categorized in for
(Infrastructure project The total example ''Infrastructure, Socio-
Unique ID Title of , Socio- (Maximu cost of economic, Environmental, Land
for the the Location economic, m 10 the Management' What is relevant
project project (Sector ID) etc.*) words) project for your District?
PR_ID PR_NM PR_LOC PR_CAT PRDESC PR_COST
Project Budget
Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule
of of of of of
Unique ID Title of The total Approval date implemen implemen implemen implemen implemen
for the the cost of the by the tation tation tation tation tation
project project project Council year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5
PR_ID PR_NM PR_COST PR_DAT COST01 COST02 COST03 COST04 COST05
Project Ownership
Funding Implementing
Unique ID Title of source (Use agency (Use
for the the recognised recognised Project Contact
project project abriviations) abriviations) Leader address
PR_ID PR_NM PRFUND PRIMPL PR_LEAD PR_CONT
Project Monitoring
Status of the
project
(Finished, As Brief
planned(ongo description on
ing), reasons for
Unique ID Title of Delayed, Not delay, LAND REGISTRATION
for the the started, abolishment,
project project Abolished) etc.
PR_ID PR_NM PRSTAT PRSTDE The Organic Law Determining the Use and the Management of Land in Rwanda
sets out new and comprehensive arrangements for registering and administering
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land and land titles, and for the guidance of land use and land management. It is situation analysis consultation report which the team that has made the analysis will
an overarching piece of legislation requiring secondary legislation in the form of make proposals on what actions to be taken. The report will be presented to the
orders for effective implementation of many of its provisions. Development of District Council who will adopt it with the eventual alternatives they fell to be relevant.
tertiary regulations and guidelines are also envisaged.
The Ministry of Environment and Lands Strategic Road Map details proposals Likewise, a similar participatory action will take place once the draft plan has been
and costs for implementing the new arrangements and provides a full time bound produced. Besides from public meetings, it is proposed that the plan with proposed
programme, with costs. The broad strategy covers the following five interrelated projects be presented in a form of a display and the district land use plan which will be
elements: exhibited for 2 weeks under which the stakeholders can raise concerns over the plan
i). Development and refinement of policy and legislation; this and propose changes and /or new ideas in a written format. The comments will be
includes the drafting of priority orders, regulations and summarized in a plan’s consultation report with the same lay out as the SACR. Again
operational manuals central to implementing the National Land the final say will be given by the District Council who will adopt the plan after eventual
Policy and the Organic Land Law. revisions and time implementation can start.
ii). A framework for the development of a land administration
systems and procedures for Rwanda; with provision for land
administration, registration of all related transactions at central
and district level.
1.13 Appendix
iii). A national system and programme for regularisation of land Vision 2020
tenure; to systematically bring land to first registration and to
allow all citizens equal access to the new systems. EDPRS
iv). Developing the land management organisations principally the NICI – PLAN 2010
establishment of a National Land Centre under a separate law, Population Projections 2010-2020
the District Land Bureaux, Land Commissions at National and
District Levels, and land committees at Sector and Cell levels.
v). A national system and programme for land planning and
development control; to ensure rational use of land and
effective development as well as environmental protection.
As seen on the work flow graph on Page 4, each important planning step is followed
by a consultation period. The sector needs assessment and the risk and suitability
analysis are subject to a public hearing, where sector and cell spokesmen elected ,
the general public, representatives from the private sector, NGOs, Donors etc are
invited to be briefed about the findings.