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Heat Heat: The SI Unit of Heat Is Joule (J) - However, The Traditional Unit of Heat

Heat transfer occurs when heat flows from an object at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature. Heat is a form of energy that results in the sensation of hotness or coldness. Heat transfer continues until both objects reach the same temperature and thermal equilibrium. Boiling is when a liquid changes into its gaseous state at a fixed temperature by absorbing heat. Unlike evaporation, boiling affects the entire liquid and is accompanied by the formation of bubbles. The fixed temperature at which a liquid starts to boil is called its boiling point. Factors like the nature of the liquid, atmospheric pressure, and presence of impurities can impact the boiling point.

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Atul Verma
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45 views

Heat Heat: The SI Unit of Heat Is Joule (J) - However, The Traditional Unit of Heat

Heat transfer occurs when heat flows from an object at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature. Heat is a form of energy that results in the sensation of hotness or coldness. Heat transfer continues until both objects reach the same temperature and thermal equilibrium. Boiling is when a liquid changes into its gaseous state at a fixed temperature by absorbing heat. Unlike evaporation, boiling affects the entire liquid and is accompanied by the formation of bubbles. The fixed temperature at which a liquid starts to boil is called its boiling point. Factors like the nature of the liquid, atmospheric pressure, and presence of impurities can impact the boiling point.

Uploaded by

Atul Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transfer of Heat

 Heat always flows from a body at a higher


temperature to a body at a lower
temperature .This phenomenon is called
heat transfer.  Temperature on the other hand, is the degree of
 Heat is a form of energy which results in the
hotness or coldness of a body.
sensation of hotness
The transfer of heat or coldness.
continues till the two
 Itbodies
is the total  It is a measure of average energy of a molecular
attainamount of energy
the same in a substance.
temperature and
then maintain a constant temperature They motion in a substance.
are then said to be in thermal equilibrium  A hot body is at a higher temperature than a

with each other. cold body

Heat

 S.I. UNIT OF HEAT IS JOULE


 S.I. UNIT OF TEMPERATURE IS KELVIN
Melting or fusion is the change of a substance from its solid state to liquid State at a fix
Melting/Fusion temperature due to absorption of heat. Melting of Ice and melting of wax

Freezing or Solidification is the change of a substance from liquid state to its solid state at a
Freezing or
fixed temperature due to liberation of heat energy. Change of water into ice
Solidification

Boiling or Boiling or vaporisation ¡s the change of a substance from liquid into its vapour state (gas)
vaporisation at a fixed temperature by absorbing heat Water on boiling changes to steam

Condensation Condensation is the change of substance from vapour or gaseous state to its liquid state at
a fixed temperature

Evaporation is the change of a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state at any
Evaporation temperature below its boiling point. Drying of clothes in sunlight

Sublimation is the change of a substance from solid state to its gaseous state directly,
Sublimation
without changing to its liquid state. Camphor and naphthalene undergoes sublimation

Deposition is the process of change of a gas into its solid state, without changing to its
Deposition liquid state, Snow formation in clouds
Evaporation
The change of a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state by absorbing heat from
the Surroundings at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation .
Evaporation takes place from the surface of a liquid, i.e., it is a surface phenomenon and
takes place at all temperatures

The liquid absorbs heat from the surroundings and evaporates thereby decreasing the
temperature of the liquid In the process. This is why when you pour perfume or spirit on
your hand, it immediately evaporate giving you a cool sensation.

It is because of evaporation only that we place Strips of cold water on forehead during high
fever. The water in the strip evaporates by absorbing heat from the patient’s body thereby
reducing the body’s temperature.
Reason: In liquids, the molecules are not as tightly packed as in solids. As a result the
intermolecular forces are weaker.
However, these forces are stronger than in gases and so the liquids have a defined volume,
Therefore, the molecules in a liquid are in a continuous but random motion throughout the
liquid.
When a molecule reaches the surface of the liquid it is pulled back inside the liquid.
 However, if the molecules on the surface acquire enough kinetic energy to overcome the
pull of the other molecules it escapes and leaves the surface of the liquid. This is the
process of evaporation
Boiling
 The process during which a liquid changes into its vapour state (gas) at a fixed temperature by
absorbing heat is called boiling .

 The fixed temperature at which a liquid starts to boil is boiling point.

 When a liquid is heated all its molecules acquire sufficient kinetic energy so as to gain enough
energy to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction binding them to the liquid.
 
 Unlike evaporation boiling is not a surface Phenomenon; it affects the entire liquid. It is also
accompanied with the formation of bubbles that can be seen in the liquid.

Factors Affecting Boiling

1. Nature of liquid
2. Atmospheric pressure
3. Presence of impurity

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