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    Soc 101 Assignment Sociologiest PDF

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    The document outlines the key theoretical contributions of prominent classical sociologists including Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Herbert Spencer. It discusses their ideas around positivism, conflict theory, bureaucracy, functionalism, social Darwinism, and other foundational sociological concepts. References are provided for further reading on each theorist's work and relevance to the field of sociology.

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    Soc 101 Assignment Sociologiest PDF

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    The document outlines the key theoretical contributions of prominent classical sociologists including Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Herbert Spencer. It discusses their ideas around positivism, conflict theory, bureaucracy, functionalism, social Darwinism, and other foundational sociological concepts. References are provided for further reading on each theorist's work and relevance to the field of sociology.

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    The document outlines the key theoretical contributions of prominent classical sociologists including Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Herbert Spencer. It discusses their ideas around positivism, conflict theory, bureaucracy, functionalism, social Darwinism, and other foundational sociological concepts. References are provided for further reading on each theorist's work and relevance to the field of sociology.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    172 views5 pages

    Soc 101 Assignment Sociologiest PDF

    Uploaded by

    sanjida
    The document outlines the key theoretical contributions of prominent classical sociologists including Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Herbert Spencer. It discusses their ideas around positivism, conflict theory, bureaucracy, functionalism, social Darwinism, and other foundational sociological concepts. References are provided for further reading on each theorist's work and relevance to the field of sociology.

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    of 5

    1

    Soc 101, SECTION- 04

    ASSIGNMENT-01(Quiz alternative)

    Submitted To:

    HELAL MOHD MOHIUDDIN (HMO)

    Department of Political Science and Sociology

    Submitted By:

    Sanjida Sarker Borsha

    ID- 1731059030
    2

    Theoretical Contribution of August Comte:


    1. Created sociology as ‘the science of society’ or ‘the science of human behavior’.
    2. Positivism theory- there exist some truths or facts in the society and can be found by
    some scientific method and our understanding about society should be based on that
    scientific methods.
    3. Positive philosophy- Society has its own set of laws.
    4. Law of stages: theological-belief in supernatural
    Metaphysical- belief in god
    Positivism- belief in science
    5. Hierarchy of science
    6. Discovered the method of invariant laws of the natural and social world.
    7. Religion of Humanity- improved religious order that emphasized more on reason and
    humanity.
    8. Totally neglecting the revolutionary and religious ideas, he Invented new philosophy to
    organize the pre-existing social order and gave it a new scientific outlook and analyzed
    everything scientifically.
    9. Invented new philosophy distinguished ‘social statics’ from ‘social dynamics’.

    Theoretical Contribution of Karl Marx:

    1. Main contribution to sociology is analysis of class inequality- the economy on the basis
    of poverty.
    2. By conflict theory in which social organization and change is based upon conflicts built
    into society.
    3. By the theory of dialectical materialism based on class struggles.
    4. By the theory of alienation of workers under capitalist conditions.
    5. The communist manifesto is considered one of the most influential political manuscripts.
    6. Capitalism system- bourgeoisie and proletariat
    7. Economic determinism- economics (wealth, money and supply) are the driving forces of
    the society.
    8. Socialism- no more class, inequality and cooperative economy.
    9. The theory of Class consciousness- is an awareness of social or economic class relative to
    others, an understanding of economic rank of class in the context of society.
    10. The theory of false consciousness- the opposite of class consciousness.
    3

    Theoretical Contribution of Max Weber:

    1. Theorized the connection between culture and economy in the text book The Protestant
    Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
    2. Conceptualizing how people and institutions come to have authority.
    3. Social action theory or micro or interpretive perspective- individuals are considered
    powerful social actors who control their destiny.
    4. The "iron cage" of bureaucracy and how it shapes social lives.
    5. Theory of social stratification- that saw political power as an interplay between class,
    status and group power.
    6. Method ‘Verstehen’ (understanding) when examine people’s actions and behaviors.
    7. Rationality- people act with variety of motive
    8. Bureaucracy- Bureaucracy is system with a complex set of rule and procedure as
    individual are more rational in capitalist industrial society.
    9. Authority- authority is a legitimated as a belief system. 3 types of authority are traditional
    authority, charismatic authority and legal-rational authority.
    10. The protestant ethnic and the spirit of capitalism- relationship between the ethics of
    ascetic Protestantism and the emergence of the spirit of modern capitalism.

    Theoretical Contribution of Durkheim:

    1. Distinguish and elaborating the field of sociology from other social sciences.
    2. Giving the concept regarding social facts, defined as the norms, values, and structures of
    society.
    3. Functionalism- This theory viewed society as interrelated parts where no one part
    functions without them. If something happens to disrupt the flow of the system, society
    must adjust to achieve a stable state.
    4. Division of labor- A mixture of the concentration of people and the amount of
    socialization.
    5. Anomie- the breakdown of social norms and regulations(Abnormal forms of division of
    labor)
    6. Crime- serves as a social function, it has a purpose in society(Abnormal forms of
    division of labor)
    7. Mechanical solidarity- Society is dominated by collective consciousness.
    8. Organic solidarity-this society is characterized by interdependence and the division of
    labor leading to anomie.
    9. Emphasize on empirical data to lend support to social speculation.
    4

    Theoretical Contribution of Herbert Spencer

    1. Defined sociology as the study of societal evolution and believed the ultimate goal of it is
    harmony and happiness.
    2. Theory of evolutionary of societies – “survival of the fittest”
    3. Theory of structural functional- he explain society as a structure with interrelated parts
    designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society.
    4. Theory of social Darwinism- He explained that human beings best adapted to the
    environment survive and prosper whereas poorly adapted die out.
    5. Organismic theory explain that society behave like organism.
    6. In organic analogy theory he compared human organisms with societies.
    7. In the theoretical argument he claimed that all spheres of the universe are subject to
    laws.
    8. Compare the similarities from social institution with organ system.
    5

    References

    Sociologygroup, 2020. https://www.sociologygroup.com/contribution-auguste-comte-sociology/


    (as on 26 July 2020)

    Learnodo Retaino Newtonic, 2017. https://learnodo-newtonic.com/karl-marx-contribution (as on


    26 July 2020)

    Sociologygroup, 2020. https://www.sociologygroup.com/max-weber-biography-contributions/


    (as on 26 July 2020)

    Thoughtco, 2019. https://www.thoughtco.com/class-consciousness-3026135(As on 27th July


    2020)

    Lumen, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/systems-of-


    stratification/(As on 28th of July)

    Sociology250,2003. http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/250j1503.htm(As on 29th July)

    Thouhtco, 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/emile-durkheim-relevance-to-sociology-today(As


    on 29th of July)

    Frontiers, 2019. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2019.00077/full(As on 30th of


    July)

    Your article library,2020.https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/the-contribution-of-


    herbert-spencer-to-sociology-1110-words/6268(As on 30th of July)

    ThoughtsCo, 2019. 2https://www.thoughtco.com/max-weber-relevance-to-sociology(As on 3rd of July)

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