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Memory: Memory Is The Ability To Take in Information, Store It, and Recall It at A Later Time

Memory is the ability to encode, store, and retrieve information over time. It is essential for human survival and development, allowing us to learn, develop relationships and identity. There are three types of memory: sensory memory briefly stores sensory information, short-term memory retains information for seconds to minutes, and long-term memory stores information for the life of an individual. Memories are formed through a three step process - encoding, storing, and retrieval.

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48 views

Memory: Memory Is The Ability To Take in Information, Store It, and Recall It at A Later Time

Memory is the ability to encode, store, and retrieve information over time. It is essential for human survival and development, allowing us to learn, develop relationships and identity. There are three types of memory: sensory memory briefly stores sensory information, short-term memory retains information for seconds to minutes, and long-term memory stores information for the life of an individual. Memories are formed through a three step process - encoding, storing, and retrieval.

Uploaded by

Florence School & College of Nursing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEMORY

Memory is the ability to take in information, store it, and recall it at a later time.
OR we can say that
Memory is the ability of the brain by which information is encoded, stored, and
retrieved when needed.

Memory is very important for survival and development of human beings. If we


could not remember past events, we could not learn or develop language,
relationships, or personal identity. Our lives have been similar to that of some
animal. Memory has given human beings a great power to influence over the world.
Memory makes human beings superior to other animals and organisms.

How Are Memories Formed/ Process of Memory?

There a 3 steps of memory process:

1. Encoding (converting information received by the brain into something


understandable)
2. Storing (storing that information in brain)
3. Retrieval (recalling or remembering back the information stored in brain)

In order to form new memories, information must be changed into a usable form,
which occurs through the process known as encoding. Once information has been
successfully encoded, it must be stored in memory for later use. Much of this stored
memory lies outside of our awareness most of the time, except when we actually need
to use it. The retrieval process allows us to bring stored memories into conscious
awareness.

Types OF MEMORY
According to Atkinson and Shriffin (Psychologists), the human memory consists of 3
stypes are:
1. SENSORY MEMORY
Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one second after an item
is perceived. The ability to look at an item and remember what it looked like
with just a split second of observation, or memorization, is the example of
sensory memory.
The information received by our sense organs are remembered for very short
duration of time.
Sensory memory is of 3 types
a. Iconic memory: the memory of visual images that we see and forget
within seconds.
b. Echoic memory: the memory of sound that we see and forget within
seconds
c. Haptic Memory: the memory of touch that we feel and forget within
seconds
Sensory memory helps us to perceive and remember the things in our environment.

2. SHORT TERM MEMORY


Short-term memory is also known as working memory. Short-term
memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without
rehearsal. Its capacity is also very limited:
 Modern EXPERIMENTS SHOW THAT THE CAPACITY OF short-term
memory are lower, that is about 4–5 items only can be remembered.
However, memory capacity can be increased through a process called chunking
(breaking information into small parts) For example, in recalling a ten-
digit telephone number, a person could chunk the digits into three groups: first, the
area code (such as 123), then a three-digit chunk (456) and lastly a four-digit chunk
(7890). This method of remembering telephone numbers is far more effective than
attempting to remember a group of 10 digits; this is because we are able to chunk the
information into meaningful groups of numbers.
Another example is remembering a vehicle number that is passing on the road. You
may be able to remember it for some time but finally forget it.
Information in short term memory is remembered only for a short duration.

3. LONG TERM MEMORY


Long-term memory can store much larger quantities of information for almost
unlimited duration (sometimes a whole life time of a person). Its capacity is
immeasurable.

For example, given a random seven-digit number we may remember it for


only a few seconds before forgetting, If it was stored in our short-term
memory.
On the other hand, we can remember telephone numbers for many years
through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory.

Long-term memory refers to the continuing storage of information.

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