5.3.new Products Dregs+Grits

PORTLAND
CEMENT PRODUCTION WITH DREGS AND GRITS

FROM KRAFT PULP MILLS INCORPORATION TO THE CLINKER

Authors: Caio Torres

Cláudio Silva
Leonardo Pedro3
Wellington Fernandes
Fabiane Ballo3n

Universidade Federal de Viçosa – BRAZIL /2017

INTRODUCTION
It is es3mated that in 2016 in Brazil were

generated :
•  282,000 tons of Dregs

•  94,000 tons of Grits
2
INTRODUCTION
Dregs, originated from green liquor clarifica3on are

impuri3es origina3ng mainly from carbon, hydroxides and
metal sulfides with pH approximately 11 and is generated
of up to 15 kg.adt-‐1 of pulp produced
3
INTRODUCTION
Grits, originated in the slakers are composed of unreacted

lime with pH approximately 11 and is generated of up to 5
kg.adt-‐1 of pulp produced
4
INTRODUCTION
Green Liquor lime
Clarifica3on of
Green Liquor
Dregs
limestome
Slaker
Filtra3on
Grits
Lime kiln
Caus3cizers
Lime mud Lime mud

filter tank
White liquor storage tank 5
Weak White liquor
INTRODUCTION
Portland cement produc3on
6
Source: PUC-‐RIO
INTRODUCTION
The Brazilian market has 8 cement op3ons

The factors that differen3ate the types of cement are the addi3on
in the process of grinding different propor3ons of Clinker, calcium
sulphates, carbona3c material and addi3ons (slag, pozzolans and
calcareous)
•  Cimento Comum (CP I)

•  Cimento Composto (CP II)
•  Cimento de Alto-‐Forno (CP III)
•  Cimento Pozolânico (CP IV)
•  Cimento de Alta Resistência Inicial (CP V-‐ARI)
•  Cimento Resistente a Sulfatos (RS)
•  Cimento de Baixo Calor de Hidratação (BC)
•  Cimento Portland Branco (CPB)
OBJECTIVES
This paper proposes the incorpora3on, in different

propor3ons (2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 and 15%), of alkaline solid
wastes from pulp mills, namely dregs and grits, to clinker in
the cement industry
8
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Dregs and grits were obtained from a Brazilian bleached

kraf pulp mill
Clinker was obtained from a Brazilian cement
These materials were characterized in the laboratories of

the Federal University of Vicosa – UFV
9
The dregs and grits were submihed to an experimental path
described by the flowchart
Dregs / Grits / Clinker
Drying
Milling
Sieving
Mixture Percente of
Characterization
Dregs + Clinker
Grits + Clinker
Physical Chemical
0% 2.5% 5% 7.5% 10% 15%
Specific Mass EDX
Specific Area EDS
Fineness XRD
SEM Pozzolanic
TG/DTG
Soundness by the Determination of the paste Compressive Elasticity Setting

Le Chatelier with normal consistency Strength Modulus Times
Cold Hot
3 days 7 days 28 days 10
Dregs / Grits / Clinker
Drying
Milling
Sieving
Mixture Percente of
Characterization
Dregs + Clinker
Grits + Clinker
Physical Chemical
0% 2.5% 5% 7.5% 10% 15%
Specific Mass EDX
Specific Area EDS
Fineness XRD
SEM Pozzolanic
TG/DTG
Soundness by the Determination of the paste Compressive Elasticity Setting

Le Chatelier with normal consistency Strength Modulus Times
Cold Hot
3 days 7 days 28 days11
In the present research for each incorpora3on of dregs and grits
(2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 e 15%) to the clinker
Dosage materials for experimental clinker
Trace (%) Amount of specimens
Samples Series Compressive
Cliker Dose Elas3city modulus
strength
CPo -‐ 0 100 0 12 9
CPd -‐ 2.5 97.5 2.5 12 9
CPd -‐ 5.0 95.0 5.0 12 9
Dregs CPd -‐ 7.5 92.5 7.5 12 9
CPd -‐ 10.0 90.0 10.0 12 9
CPd -‐ 15.0 85.0 15.0 12 9
CPg -‐ 2.5 97.5 2.5 12 9
CPg -‐ 5.0 95.0 5.0 12 9
Grits CPg -‐ 7.5 92.5 7.5 12 9
CPg -‐ 10.0 90.0 10.0 12 9
CPg -‐ 15.0 85.0 15.0 12 9
Total 132 99
12
For each dose, four specimens were tested in each age (3, 7 and 28
days). The elas3city modulus test was carried out only in the last
three specimens.
The used universal tes3ng machine was a EMIC, model DL600KN

compressive strength and elasZcity modulus 13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
EDX of clinker, dregs and grits

CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 SO3 MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 Cl Others
Clinker (%) 64.55 20.65 3.02 3.23 1.00 0.33 1.47 1.71 0.27 0.07 3.72
Dregs (%) 68.85 6.67 0.74 3.27 6.44 3.14 0.91 3.64 0.18 0.39 5.78
Grits (%) 83.36 5.21 0.29 1.16 0.97 0.66 0.50 2.77 0.08 0.27 4.73
14
SEM Dregs EDS Dregs
15
SEM Grits EDS Grits
Results of material characteriza3on tests
Normal Soundness by the
Sedng Times (h:min)
Tests Consistency Le Chatelier (mm)
(A(%)) Stard End Hot Cold
Clinker 30.88 1:45 2:40 0 0.27
Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 1:55 2:47 0 0

2.5%
Grits -‐-‐-‐ 1:15 2:15 0 0
Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 1:20 2:25 0 0

5.0%
Grits -‐-‐-‐ 1:30 2:45 0 0
Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 1:11 2:43 0 0

7.5%
Grits -‐-‐-‐ 1:40 3:26 0 0
Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 1:16 2:37 0 0

10.0%
Grits -‐-‐-‐ 1:24 2:56 0 0
Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 0:32 3:10 0 0

15.0%
Grits -‐-‐-‐ 0:55 2:42 0 0
Limits -‐-‐-‐ ≥ 1h ≤ 10hs ≤ 5 ≤ 5 16
Specific mass (g/ Specific Area Pozzolanic (mS/
Tests Fineness (%)
cm³) (m²/kg) cm)
Clinker 3.00 246 0.26 0.98
Dregs 2.44 1031 0.78 0.87
Grits 2.67 972 95.20 0.31
Dregs 2.94 282 0.22 -‐-‐-‐

2.5%
Grits 3.05 325 1.28 -‐-‐-‐
Dregs 2.99 315 0.28 -‐-‐-‐

5.0%
Grits 3.01 306 2.46 -‐-‐-‐
Dregs 2.93 307 1.00 -‐-‐-‐

7.5%
Grits 2.99 301 5.36 -‐-‐-‐
Dregs 2.87 335 0.54 -‐-‐-‐

10.0%
Grits 3.00 361 2.72 -‐-‐-‐
Dregs 2.98 404 0.44 -‐-‐-‐

15.0%
Grits 2.95 352 3.96 -‐-‐-‐
17
Limits -‐-‐-‐ ≥ 245 ≤ 12 -‐-‐-‐
The results of the compressive strength tests on four of the
percentages Dregs and Grits 3, 7 and 28 days of age
18
The results of the elasZcity modulus tests on four of the percentages
Dregs and Grits 3, 7 and 28 days of age
19
CONCLUSIONS
The physical-‐chemical characteriza3on of dregs and grits

showed
a great poten3al to use these materials for
incorpora3on into the clinker Portland cement
produc3on
The different incorpora3on of dregs and grits (2.5; 5.0;

7.5 and 10%) to the clinker proved viable for ordinary
Portland cement produc3on with addi3on (CP I-‐S) and
Portland composite cement (CP II-‐F)
20
CONCLUSIONS
The incorpora3on of both materials to clinker fulfilled

the
minimum limits for the compressive strength test
and modulus of elas3city established by the Brazilian
standard
Grits showed, in general, beher results than dregs.
21

REFERENCES

BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION OF TECHNICAL NORMS. NBR NM 23: Determina3on of density.
1 ed. Rio de Janeiro. 2001. 5p. (available only in Portuguese)

______. NBR 16,372: Determina3on of fineness by the air permeability method (Blaine
method). 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro. 2015. 11p. (available only in Portuguese)

______. NBR 11,578: – Portland composite cement – Specifica3on. 1 ed. Rio de Janeiro.
1991 Erratum 1997. 5p. (available only in Portuguese)

______. NBR 8,522: – Determina3on of elas3city modulus by compression. 2 ed. Rio de
Janeiro. 2008. 16p. (available only in Portuguese)

KINNARINEN, Teemu et al. Separa3on, treatment and u3liza3on of inorganic residues of
chemical pulp mills. Journal of Cleaner Produc5on, v. 133, p. 953-‐964, 2016

BURUBERRI, Leire H.; SEABRA, M. P.; LABRINCHA, J. A. Prepara3on of clinker from paper
pulp industry wastes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 286, p. 252-‐260, 2015

22
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
•  The authors thank the dedica3on of all servers and students DEF
(LCP) and DEC (LMC) UFV
•  We also acknowledge the CNPq, CAPES and FAPEMIG for the
support provided to this inves3ga3on
23

Questions?
Thank you!
Caio Torres
[email protected]

Claudio Mudadu
[email protected] – Tel: +55 31 3899-‐2081
24
Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV – Brazil

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PORTLAND

CEMENT PRODUCTION WITH DREGS AND GRITS

It is es3mated that in 2016 in Brazil were

• 282,000 tons of Dregs

Dregs, originated from green liquor clariﬁca3on are

Grits, originated in the slakers are composed of unreacted

Lime mud Lime mud

The Brazilian market has 8 cement op3ons

• Cimento Comum (CP I)

This paper proposes the incorpora3on, in diﬀerent

Dregs and grits were obtained from a Brazilian bleached

Clinker was obtained from a Brazilian cement

These materials were characterized in the laboratories of

Soundness by the Determination of the paste Compressive Elasticity Setting

Soundness by the Determination of the paste Compressive Elasticity Setting

The used universal tes3ng machine was a EMIC, model DL600KN

EDX of clinker, dregs and grits

Dregs -­‐-­‐-­‐ 1:55 2:47 0 0

Dregs -­‐-­‐-­‐ 1:20 2:25 0 0

Dregs -­‐-­‐-­‐ 1:11 2:43 0 0

Dregs -­‐-­‐-­‐ 1:16 2:37 0 0

Dregs -­‐-­‐-­‐ 0:32 3:10 0 0

Dregs 2.44 1031 0.78 0.87

Grits 2.67 972 95.20 0.31

Dregs 2.94 282 0.22 -­‐-­‐-­‐

Dregs 2.99 315 0.28 -­‐-­‐-­‐

Dregs 2.93 307 1.00 -­‐-­‐-­‐

Dregs 2.87 335 0.54 -­‐-­‐-­‐

Dregs 2.98 404 0.44 -­‐-­‐-­‐

The physical-­‐chemical characteriza3on of dregs and grits

The diﬀerent incorpora3on of dregs and grits (2.5; 5.0;

The incorpora3on of both materials to clinker fulﬁlled

Grits showed, in general, beher results than dregs.

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•  282,000 tons of Dregs

•  Cimento Comum (CP I)

Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 1:55 2:47 0 0

Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 1:20 2:25 0 0

Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 1:11 2:43 0 0

Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 1:16 2:37 0 0

Dregs -‐-‐-‐ 0:32 3:10 0 0

Dregs 2.94 282 0.22 -‐-‐-‐

Dregs 2.99 315 0.28 -‐-‐-‐

Dregs 2.93 307 1.00 -‐-‐-‐

Dregs 2.87 335 0.54 -‐-‐-‐

Dregs 2.98 404 0.44 -‐-‐-‐

The physical-‐chemical characteriza3on of dregs and grits