Structure in Design

Prepared By:
Ali Abdulaziz Haya Ismail
Sara Sardar Latifa Fouad
Contents

Slide 2: Contents
Slide 3: Structure
Slide 4: The Foundation
Slide 5: The Base
Slide 6&7: Walls
Slide 8: Bricks
Slide 9-12: Flooring
Slide 13-15: Stairs
Slide 16: Doors
Slide 17: References
What is Structure?
Structure is defined as a system of
interconnected parts used to support
loads in buildings. The term “structure”
itself refers to anything constructed
or built with a fixed location on the
ground.

Structural systems are the particular

method of assembling loads to support
and transmit them to the ground.
Types of structural systems include:
wall-bearing system, frame system, &
cables system.
Steel frame is a structural system that
supports the building and everything on
it and in it (commonly used in villas).
The basic components of Buildings in general consist of: the foundation, walls, overlappings,
partitions, beams, columns, ladders, a roof, windows, doors, etc.

The foundation is the main element of a structure. It is constructed from a reinforced concrete
slab, reinforced concrete walls and reinforced concrete slabs and supports.
The load-bearing walls are made from reinforced Concrete and are 20cm thick.
The Base which is the bottom part of a building transfers
the load onto the ground. That is why these bases should
be durable, strong, cold-resistant, steady on overturning
and against action aggressive and ground waters.

The floor slab above the

base is executed as a
reinforced concrete slab
of a thickness of 15 cm.
Walls are the parts of buildings protecting
premises from an environment. In some cases
walls perceive loading from overlapping. The
walls perceiving loading of own weight and
weight of other parts of a building, are called
bearing walls, bearing walls that load only their
own weight and wind action, named self-bearing.
Walls which only protect premises of buildings from external
spaces and transfer own weight within each floor to other
bearing designs of a building, are not named bearing walls
The walls are plastered and painted using dispersal paint.
Brick is the oldest of all Concrete is a mixture of
artificial building materials. cement, mineral aggregate,
It is classified as face and water, which, if combined
brick, common brick, and in proper proportions, form a
glazed brick. Face brick is plastic mixture capable of
used on the exterior of a being placed in forms and of
wall and varies in color, hardening through the
hydration of the cement.
texture, and mechanical
Concrete is available in a wide
perfection. Common brick
range of colors and finishes,
consists of the kiln run of
which means it can be used in
brick and is used behind a wide variety of commercial
whatever facing material is building projects. *Architects
employed providing can consider it for its multiple
necessary wall thickness design possibilities, energy
and additional structural efficiency and cost
strength. Glazed brick is effectiveness.* Engineers also
employed largely for appreciate concrete as a
interiors where beauty, building material. It can be
ease of cleaning, and used to achieve optimum
sanitation are primary environmental and energy
consideration. performance.
A floor is the bottom surface of a room. Floors may be stone, wood, bamboo, metal or any other
material that can support the expected load.
Floors may incorporate glass, mosaic or other artistic expression. Materials almost always
classified as floor covering include carpet, area rugs, and resilient flooring such as linoleum or
vinyl flooring.

Materials commonly called flooring include

wood flooring, laminated wood, ceramic tile,
stone, terrazzo, and various seamless chemical
floor coatings.

The choice of material for floor

covering is affected by factors
such as cost, endurance, noise
insulation, comfort and
cleaning effort.
Given that each piece is different, the unique aesthetic of timber is one of the main appeals for its
use as flooring. It can also be very durable although it may scratch and is prone to movement. As
timber is hygroscopic (sponge-like), it can unsuitable for use in rooms that may be exposed to
humidity or moisture, although treatment of the timber can make it resistant to moisture. There are
several options for finishing timber, such as wax, oil or lacquer. The two main types of timber
flooring are: Solid: Each board is made from a single piece of wood, typically 18-20mm thick, usually
fitted using tongue-and-groove. Engineered: Each board consists of three or four layers of laminated
timber, held together at right angles by glue to create a plank typically of around 14mm thickness.
Laminate flooring is a Vinyl flooring can be supplied in rolls or tiles and
compressed fiber board plank is generally fixed by gluing. It can be
covered with an image of a manufactured in a very wide range of colors t is
material such as timber, capable of getting wet without buckling,
stone, tiles and so on that is making it suitable for use in bathrooms,
then given a protective kitchens, and so on.
coating. Laminates can be
suitable for rooms that wish
to benefit from the aesthetics
of a ‘natural’ floor but at a
lower cost, with easier
installation, and without the
risk of being damaged by
scratching.
Carpeting Carpet is the most popular
Porcelain
choice for a bedroom flooring
Porcelain tile is a particularly dense and strong form of
surface in North America and many
ceramic, and so most porcelain tiles rated for flooring use
other western nations, largely
can also work in many patio applications. The best choices
because it is soft and warm on the
will be textured, matt tiles without a highly glossy surface
feet—an obvious advantage in a
that will be slippery when wet. Most porcelain tiles are
room where you are often bare-
thick and sturdy enough to use on floors,
footed, and its good for Thermal
insulation: Carpeting, combined with
a good-quality pad, can insulate a Ceramic tile floors are a fantastic
floor against heat loss Sound- option for those looking for water
dampening: In a room where you and stain resistant flooring.
sleep, carpeting can absorb outside Highly durable, ceramic tile is
noises and keep a bedroom quieter constructed of a hardy material
Economica, hardwood flooring is the that can withstand years of use.
most popular choice for bedroom Ceramic tile floors are a
flooring. Among real estate fantastic option for those
professionals, genuine hardwood is looking for water and stain
usually regarded as one of the best resistant flooring. Highly
flooring materials. Not only is it durable, ceramic tile is
beautiful and hard-wearing, but it's constructed of a hardy material
also relatively warm and durable. that can withstand years of use.
Stairs: Stairs are built of concrete, and covered with marble or granite, and a
protective railing of aluminum, wood, or stainless steel is installed for it. Windows:
Windows are made of aluminum, double and colored glass, so it becomes an
outlet and an insulator for noise and heat.
Types of Stairs
Stairs are classified into two different types - one is based
on the shape, and the other is based on the materials used.
Straight Stairs
Long, straight stairs are provided only if the staircase hall
is long and narrow
Dog-legged Stairs
This type of stairs consists of two straight flights with
180° turn between them. It is mostly used in residential
buildings.
Turning Stairs
This type of stairs may turn in various forms which
depend on the availability of space
Geometrical Stairs
These stairs are similar to the open-newel stair except
that the well formed between the two adjacent flights
is curved. They may be of any geometrical shape and
are also called as continuous stairs.
Spiral Stairs
These stairs are also known as circular stairs or helical
stairs which are commonly used in emergency exits.
Types of Stairs on the Basis of Materials Used
Different materials are used for the construction
of stairs like timber, stone, brick, steel or cast
iron, plain concrete or reinforced cement
concrete (RCC). They are classified based on the
materials used for construction.

Types of Stairs on the Basis of Materials Used

Timber Stairs
Timber stairs or wooden stairs are light and easy to
construct but are very poor in fire resistance. These stairs
are generally used in residential buildings and most
preferred in areas where abundant wood is available.

Steel Stairs
Mild steel or iron cast stairs are of a special type,
used in factories, workshops, godowns, etc.
Concrete Stairs Plain concrete stairs are
preferred in place of stone stairs these days. These
steps are mostly of spandril type and used for the
entrance to the buildings.
Doors: Doors are made of wood, iron, or
aluminum, and come in different shapes and
sizes, and with a variety of opening methods,
depending on the place and type of use.
 References

https://www.britannica.com/technology/structural-system

THANK
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of_flooring

https://www.homestratosphere.com/living-room-flooring-ideas/

https://www.thespruce.com/how-to-set-outdoor-patio-tile-2132506 YOU
http://villedoors.com

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooring

https://www.buildersmart.in/blogs/staircases/