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    Rise of Islam: Urheimat

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    Archaeology has revealed many pre-Islamic civilizations in Arabia, especially in South Arabia which included the kingdoms of Sheba, Himyar, Awsan, Ma'in, and Saba. The Arabian peninsula is widely accepted as the original homeland of the Semitic languages. The 7th century saw the rise of Islam in Arabia under the prophet Muhammad. Starting from Mecca and Medina, Muhammad united the tribes of Arabia under Islam and created a single Muslim polity. After Muhammad's death, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates rapidly expanded Arab and Muslim rule across North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of Europe.

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    Rise of Islam: Urheimat

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    Archaeology has revealed many pre-Islamic civilizations in Arabia, especially in South Arabia which included the kingdoms of Sheba, Himyar, Awsan, Ma'in, and Saba. The Arabian peninsula is widely accepted as the original homeland of the Semitic languages. The 7th century saw the rise of Islam in Arabia under the prophet Muhammad. Starting from Mecca and Medina, Muhammad united the tribes of Arabia under Islam and created a single Muslim polity. After Muhammad's death, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates rapidly expanded Arab and Muslim rule across North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of Europe.

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    Archaeology has revealed many pre-Islamic civilizations in Arabia, especially in South Arabia which included the kingdoms of Sheba, Himyar, Awsan, Ma'in, and Saba. The Arabian peninsula is widely accepted as the original homeland of the Semitic languages. The 7th century saw the rise of Islam in Arabia under the prophet Muhammad. Starting from Mecca and Medina, Muhammad united the tribes of Arabia under Islam and created a single Muslim polity. After Muhammad's death, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates rapidly expanded Arab and Muslim rule across North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of Europe.

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    20 views2 pages

    Rise of Islam: Urheimat

    Uploaded by

    სო ფია
    Archaeology has revealed many pre-Islamic civilizations in Arabia, especially in South Arabia which included the kingdoms of Sheba, Himyar, Awsan, Ma'in, and Saba. The Arabian peninsula is widely accepted as the original homeland of the Semitic languages. The 7th century saw the rise of Islam in Arabia under the prophet Muhammad. Starting from Mecca and Medina, Muhammad united the tribes of Arabia under Islam and created a single Muslim polity. After Muhammad's death, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates rapidly expanded Arab and Muslim rule across North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of Europe.

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    Archaeology 

    has revealed the existence of many civilizations in pre-Islamic Arabia (such as


    the Thamud), especially in South Arabia.[46][47] South Arabian civilizations include the Sheba,
    the Himyarite Kingdom, the Kingdom of Awsan, the Kingdom of Ma'īn and the Sabaean
    Kingdom. Central Arabia was the location of the Kingdom of Kindah in the 4th, 5th and early 6th
    centuries AD. Eastern Arabia was home to the Dilmun civilization. The earliest known events in
    Arabian history are migrations from the peninsula into neighbouring areas.[48]
    The Arabian peninsula has long been accepted as the original Urheimat of the Semitic
    languages by a majority of scholars.[49][50][51][52]

    Rise of Islam[edit]
    Main articles: Early Muslim conquests and Islamic Golden Age

    Age of the Caliphs
      Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632/A.H. 1–11
      Expansion during Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661/A.H. 11–40
      Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750/A.H. 40–129

    Approximate locations of some of the important tribes and Empire of the Arabian Peninsula around the time
    that Muhammad started preaching Islam (approximately 600 CE / 20 BH)

    The seventh century saw the rise of Islam as the peninsula's dominant religion. The Islamic
    prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca in about 570 and first began preaching in the city in 610,
    but migrated to Medina in 622. From there he and his companions united the tribes of
    Arabia under the banner of Islam and created a single Arab Muslim religious polity in the Arabian
    peninsula.
    Muhammad established a new unified polity in the Arabian peninsula which under the
    subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion of Arab power
    well beyond the Arabian peninsula in the form of a vast Muslim Arab Empire with an area of
    influence that stretched from the northwest Indian subcontinent, across Central Asia, the Middle
    East, North Africa, southern Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees.
    With Muhammad's death in 632 AD, disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as
    leader of the Muslim community. Umar ibn al-Khattab, a prominent companion of Muhammad,
    nominated Abu Bakr, who was Muhammad's intimate friend and collaborator. Others added their
    support and Abu Bakr was made the first caliph. This choice was disputed by some of
    Muhammad's companions, who held that Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and son-in-law, had been
    designated his successor. Abu Bakr's immediate task was to avenge a recent defeat
    by Byzantine (or Eastern Roman Empire) forces, although he first had to put down a rebellion by
    Arab tribes in an episode known as the Ridda wars, or "Wars of Apostasy".[53]
    Following Muhammad's death in 632, Abu Bakr became leader of the Muslims as the first Caliph.
    After putting down a rebellion by the Arab tribes (known as the Ridda wars, or "Wars of
    Apostasy"), Abu Bakr attacked the Byzantine Empire. On his death in 634, he was succeeded
    by Umar as caliph, followed by Uthman ibn al-Affan and Ali ibn Abi Talib. The period of these first
    four caliphs is known as al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn: the Rashidun or "rightly guided" Caliphate. Unde

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