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    UT-Encyclopedia - Formula

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    Allwyn
    This document provides definitions and equations for key concepts in ultrasonic testing. It explains wavelength, acoustic impedance, transmission and reflection coefficients, Snell's law, near field, beam divergence, convergence point, acoustic power density, intensity, intensity level, and attenuation. Various equations are given relating these concepts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    UT-Encyclopedia - Formula

    Uploaded by

    Allwyn
    61 views3 pages
    This document provides definitions and equations for key concepts in ultrasonic testing. It explains wavelength, acoustic impedance, transmission and reflection coefficients, Snell's law, near field, beam divergence, convergence point, acoustic power density, intensity, intensity level, and attenuation. Various equations are given relating these concepts.

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    UT-Encyclopedia_ Formula

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    This document provides definitions and equations for key concepts in ultrasonic testing. It explains wavelength, acoustic impedance, transmission and reflection coefficients, Snell's law, near field, beam divergence, convergence point, acoustic power density, intensity, intensity level, and attenuation. Various equations are given relating these concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    61 views3 pages

    UT-Encyclopedia - Formula

    Uploaded by

    Allwyn
    This document provides definitions and equations for key concepts in ultrasonic testing. It explains wavelength, acoustic impedance, transmission and reflection coefficients, Snell's law, near field, beam divergence, convergence point, acoustic power density, intensity, intensity level, and attenuation. Various equations are given relating these concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Nondestructive Testing Encyclopedia Main GO

    - Ultrasonic Testing -

    1. Wavelength where: |wave


    f = frequency length|
    c = acoustic velocity |frequency|
    |velocity|
    = wavelength

    2. Acoustic Impedance where: acoustic


    Z = acoustic impedance impedance
    c = acoustic velocity |acoustic
    = density of transmitting medium impedance|

    3. Transmission Coefficient
    where:
    for Normal Incidence |transmission
    Z1 = acoustic impedance in medium 1
    factor
    Z2= acoustic impedance in medium 2 (coefficient) |
    D = transmission coefficient

    4. Reflection Coefficient
    for Normal Incidence where:
    Z1 = acoustic impedance in medium 1 |reflection
    Z2 = acoustic impedance in medium 2 coefficient

    R = reflection coeffcient

    5. Snell's Law where:


    c1 = acoustic velocity in medium 1
    c2 = acoustic velocity in medium 2 Example
    |Snell's law|
    1 = beam angle in medium 1
    2 = beam angle in medium 2

    6. Near Zone where:


    D = the diameter of a flat circular
    oscillator |near field|
    = wavelength of the ultrasound
    N = length of near zone

    7. Half Angle of where: beam


    Divergence (for flat = half angle of divergence spread
    circular oscillators) k dB = constant based on stated dB drop |divergence|
    from center maximum
    = wavelength
    D = the diameter of a net circular
    oscillator
    Values of k dB vary for the dB drop that is to be
    determined.
    -1.5dB k=0.37
    -3dB k=0.51
    -6dB k=0.7
    -10dB k=0.87
    -12dB k=0.93

    8. Convergence Point
    where:
    For determining the focal fx = new focal distance |convergence
    distance of a focused beam f1 = focal distance in coupling medium point|
    in a 2 media geometry. c1 = acoustic velocity in coupling medium |focused
    c2 = acoustic velocity in second medium beam|
    P1 = pathlength in the coupling medium

    9. Sound Pressure where:


    = density
    c = velocity of sound |acoustic
    = angular frequency power
    density|
    = particle displacement
    Z = c = acoustic impedance
    normally in units of N/m2

    10. Intensity of Acoustic where:


    Power p = pressure
    = angular frequency
    = particle displacement
    Z = c = acoustic impedance
    normally in units of W/m2

    11. Intensity Level where:


    Jo is the arbitrary (10-12 W/m2) reference
    B = 10 log (J/Jo) level corresponding to the faintest sound
    detectable by the ear.

    Since J is proportional to the sound


    pressure squared, the difference between
    two intensity levels can be determined by;

    normally units are in deciBells (abbr.dB)

    12. Attenuation where: |attenuation


    coefficient|
    po and p are sound pressures at the start
    and end of a length d. |decibel (dB)|
    alpha is the coeffcient of attenuation for a
    given material

    alternatively;

    normally units of attenuation are in dB and the


    attenuation coeffcient is in dB per unit length

    Reference:
    Ultrasonic Inspection 2 - Training for Nondestructive Testing
    E.A. Ginzel; Prometheus Press Canada.
    © NDT.net - [email protected] | Top |

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