High Temperature Plastic Deformation of CuZn30 Bra
High Temperature Plastic Deformation of CuZn30 Bra
High Temperature Plastic Deformation of CuZn30 Bra
48 2010 41–46 41
DOI: 10.4149/km 2010 1 41
1
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Faculty of Special Technology, Študentská 1, 911 50 Trenčín, Slovak Republic
2
Materials and Metallurgy Research Ltd., Pohraniční 693/31, 706 02 Ostrava-Vítkovice, Czech Republic
Received 16 September 2009, received in revised form 26 October 2009, accepted 26 October 2009
Abstract
High temperature plastic deformation of CuZn30 brass was investigated in the temperature
range between 650 ◦C and 850 ◦C. Torsion tests were performed for experimental plan according
to test array 5 × 4, i.e. five temperatures 650, 700, 750, 800, 850 ◦C and four speeds of
torsion shear strain rate 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 s−1 . Mathematical model has been developed
to predict high-temperature shear stress behaviour of CuZn30 brass. Explicit equation, which
is a function of peak stress, temperature and shear strain rate, was used in the mathematical
model. There are four constants in the equation; one of those is the activation energy which
for CuZn30 brass reaches the value Q = 180.3 kJ mol−1 .
Measured and calculated values of shear stress are shown in graphs in dependence on the
value of deformation, where the temperature of deformation and the speed of deformation
are the parameters for the particular curves. The predicted results are in accordance with
the experimental curves stress-deformation that can be used to model the behaviour of hot
extrusion pressing of CuZn30 brass.
Element Cu Pb Sn Fe Ni Mn Al Si
Content (%) 70.39 0.0004 0.0042 0.0232 0.0022 0.0003 0.0012 0.0002
Element As Sb Bi Cr Cd Ag P Zn
Content (%) 0.0001 0.0031 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 balance
2
2π · Rt · ns
(2) Logarithmic deformation ϕ ϕ = √ arcsinh
3 3L
2π · Rt nr
(3) Torsion shear strain rate γ̇ γ̇ = ·
L 60
Q n
(4) f (σp ,T ,γ̇) = 0 – γ̇ · exp = C · [sinh (α · σp )]
RT
where
Mk – torque (N m) ns – number of torsion (–) n – material constant (–)
F – axial force (N) t – temperature ( ◦C) Q – activation energy (J mol−1 )
σp – peak stress (MPa) T – absolute temperature (K) C – material constant (s−1 )
Rt – radius of test specimen (mm) ϕ – logarithmic deformation (–) R – gas constant, R = 8.314 J K−1 mol−1
L – length of test specimen (mm) γ̇ – torsion shear strain rate (s−1 ) k – slope of the line in coordinates
nr – speed of torsion (rpm) α – material constant (MPa−1 ) ln sinh(α · σp ) vs. 1/T (K)
t γ̇ σp x y
( ◦C) (s−1 ) (MPa) ln(sinh(α · σp )) ln Z
T a b l e 4. Material constants of Eq. (4) (Table 2), CuZn30 used for the first estimation of material parameter
brass n as an arithmetic average for particular temperat-
ures. Segment on y-axis determines natural logarithm
No. Material constants Units Value
of constant C. Constant C reaches the value 3.21603
1 α MPa−1 0.00927 × 1010 s−1 . This process has been used to estim-
2 n – 4.2899 ate the last and the fourth constant C for Eq. (4)
3 Q J mol−1 180 346 (Table 2), which describes high temperature deform-
4 C s−1 3.21603×1010 ation of CuZn30 brass. Calculated values of material
parameters for Eq. (4) (Table 2) are shown in Table 4.
Particular equation describing high temperature
deformation behaviour of CuZn30 brass was obtained
by mathematical treatment of Eq. (4) (Table 2) and
by using constants from Table 4:
σp = 107.87 · (A)
0.2331
21691
· arcsinh 3.1095 × 10−11 · γ̇ · exp .
T