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Vertebral

The document discusses the anatomy and function of vertebrae. It describes the parts of individual vertebrae including the vertebral body, intervertebral foramina, transverse and spinous processes. It lists the regions of the spinal column and number of vertebrae in each. It discusses the structure and function of intervertebral discs, including the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. It also describes common spinal curvatures, deviations from normal curvature, and pain patterns associated with disc and facet joint issues.

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horace_lin
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19 views

Vertebral

The document discusses the anatomy and function of vertebrae. It describes the parts of individual vertebrae including the vertebral body, intervertebral foramina, transverse and spinous processes. It lists the regions of the spinal column and number of vertebrae in each. It discusses the structure and function of intervertebral discs, including the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. It also describes common spinal curvatures, deviations from normal curvature, and pain patterns associated with disc and facet joint issues.

Uploaded by

horace_lin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vertebral

Friday, 6 July 2018 10:19 am

Function

Body: weight-bearing portion (in correct posture)

Intervertebral foramina: through which the spinal nerves exit the vertebral column

Transverse process: serve mainly as points of muscle attachment

Spinous process

Superior articulating facets: articulate with the vertebra immediately inferior

Inferior articulating facets: articulate with the vertebra immediately superior

What is the Lamina Groove?


Space between the transverse processes and spinous process where intrinsic spinal muscles lie against the lamina

What sits between the bony vertebral body and the disc?
Endplate cartilaginous layer

List the different areas of the spinal column, stating the number of vertebrae in each.
– Cervical vertebrae – 7 bones of the neck
– Thoracic vertebrae – 12 bones of the upper back
– Lumbar vertebrae – 5 bones of the lower back
– Sacrum – 5 fused bones inferior to the lumbar vertebrae - articulates with the coxal bones
– Coccyx – 4 fused bones inferior to the sacrum

Explain the trabeculae systems of the vertebral body. What function do these perform?
Criss-crossing of these 3 trabecular systems constitute zones of maximum resistance as well as a triangular area of minimum
resistance made up of only vertical trabeculae

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State which are primary and which are secondary curvatures.
The primary curves (thoracic and sacral curvatures) form during foetal development. The secondary curves develop after birth.
• Cervical – secondary - lordosis
• Thoracic – primary - kyphosis
• Lumbar – secondary - lordosis
• Sacral – primary - kyphosis

What is the function of these curvatures?


resist axial compression

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resist axial compression

Describe 3 common deviations from the normal curvature of the spine.

Where are the intervertebral discs are found?


An intervertebral disc lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.

What function/s do they serve?


Act as shock absorbers

Describe the 2 main parts of a disc, and state the functions of each.

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Describe the 2 main parts of a disc, and state the functions of each.
Nucleus pulposus – inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility
Annulus fibrosus – surrounds the nucleus pulposus with a collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage

What is the “pre-loaded state” of discs?


The nucleus is always under pressure, due to its water absorbing properties. This is called pre-loaded state. It gives the disc
greater resistance to axial compression and lateral flexion.

How does disc thickness help determine the amount of movement in a region of the spine?
Disc/body ratio: Ratio of disc thickness to vertebral body height is important in determining degree of
movement in that area of spine

What is the “disc pain pattern”?


The annulus can tear or rupture anywhere around the disc. If it tears and no disc material is ruptured, this is called an ann ular tear
and can be extremely painful as the outer fibres carry pain signals. If the annulus tears and the centre nucleus can squeeze out,
The terms disc protrusion, disc bulge, disc herniation, ruptured disc, and slipped disc all mean the same thing and imply tha t disc
material has left the normal disc space. If disc material herniates, or squeezes out, this can put pressure on the spinal cor d or
spinal nerves.

What structures make up the Anterior Functional Segment? What is its function?
consists of 2 vertebral bodies and the disc between them (SYMPHYSIS joint).Its main functions are weight-bearing, shock
absorption and mobility.

What structures make up the Posterior Functional Segment? What is its function?
consists of the facet joints (synovial joints). The orientation of these joints determine the movements permitted at each lev el of
the spine.

What is the “facet joint pain pattern”?


worse on sitting, flexion – related to hypomobility

Spinal Nerves
– 8 cervical (C1-C8)
– 12 thoracic (T1-T12)
– 5 Lumbar (L1-L5)
– 5 Sacral (S1-S5)
– 1 Coccygeal (C0)

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3rd layer

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5th layer

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